Castelli, Jim, 226
Catholic Church
anti-Semitism and, 47, 51, 93
German conquest of Austria and, 13
in Germany, 231
Hitler support by, 13
LaFarge views about totalitarianism and, 162–63
Mussolini ban on Jewish-Catholic marriages and, 142–43
Nazi and Fascist agents within, 98, 99
Pius XI views about political role of, 214
rejection of Judaism as religion by, 113
role in World War II of, 216, 218–19
Spanish Civil War and, 106
See also Vatican; specific person or topic
Catholic Student’s Mission Crusade, 34
Catholic University: Kristallnacht reactions at, 152–53
Catholics
Hitler persecution/harassment of, 8, 13, 26–27, 47, 75, 130
Mussolini bans marriage between Jews and, 142–43
in Nazi army, 229
See also Catholic Church; Vatican;
specific person, nation, or topic
CBS Radio: Hurley speech on, 218–19
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 218
Cesa-Bianchi, Domenico, 156, 201–2
Chadwick, Owen, 212
Chamberlain, Neville
Churchill criticism of, 133
death of, 217
Hitler and, 117–18, 127, 128, 133, 168
LaFarge views about, 161
Masaryk meeting with, 17
Mussolini and, 166, 167, 168–69
Nazi Germany invasion of Czechoslovakia and, 112, 117–18, 212
Phillips (Caroline) views about, 166, 167
Pius XI and, 129, 167–68
resignation of, 217
Rome visit of, 166–69
Sudetenland and, 117–18
support for, 166
See also appeasement; Munich Agreement
Chardon, Heinrich, 38–39, 40–41
Charles-Roux, François, 128, 197–98, 212
Childs, Frances, 140
Church of Our Lady (Koblenz, Germany), 38–39
Churchill, Winston, 73–74, 130, 133, 176
Cianfarra, Camille, 204, 205
Ciano, Galeazzo
anti-Semitism and, 109
Chamberlain visit to Rome and, 167, 169
and German invasion of Czechoslovakia, 120
Lateran Accords and, 173, 175
Mussolini comments about Pius XI to, 160
Nazi-Italian relations and, 121
Pacelli/Pius XII and, 188, 189, 196, 212–13
Phillips (William) meeting with, 120–21
Pius XI death/funeral and, 187–88, 193
selection of Pius XI successor and, 196
U.S. plans if war broke out and, 121
Vatican-Italy relations and, 109, 110, 143
Cicognani, Amleto Giovanni (bishop), 145
Cintra, Sebastiano Leme da Silveira (cardinal), 205
Cittario, Battista, 28
civil rights, 1–2, 11, 223–24, 225. See also specific person or event
Civil War, Spanish, 78, 90, 105–6
Civilta Cattolica magazine, 135
code system, of LaFarge, 18, 40
College of Cardinals, 31, 58, 147, 160–61, 194, 203
Communism
Catholic Church views about, 17–18, 31
Coughlin views about, 153
divisions within U.S. about, 141
in France, 79
German views about Pius XI death and, 193
Hitler pledge to obliterate, 25
Jews and, 77, 78, 93
LaFarge views about, 17, 106
Ledóchowski views about, 77–78, 194–95
Pacelli-Roosevelt discussion about, 71–72
Pacelli views about, 71, 79
Petacci family and, 199
Pius XI–LaFarge encyclical and, 113, 159
Pius XI views about, 77–79, 91, 111, 113, 168, 194
propaganda about Pius XI and, 129
Spanish Civil War and, 105, 106
splits among Roman Catholics about, 105
Vatican-Italy relations and, 111
concentration camps, 40, 151, 230
Concordat, German-Vatican (1933), 25, 142, 143, 226
Confalonieri, Monsignor Carlo, 20, 34, 174, 175, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183–84, 189–90
Congress, U.S.: reaction to Pius XI death in, 193
Copello, Santiago Luis (cardinal), 205
Coppa, Frank J., 228
Coughlin, Charles, 153–54, 163
Cross, Milton, 162, 163
crosses, crooked: analogy about, 32–33, 160–61, 219
Cushing, Richard (cardinal), 225
Czechoslovakia
Jews in, 46
LaFarge planned trip to, 16
Munich Agreement and, 133
Nazi invasion/occupation of, 111–12, 117–18, 120–21, 124, 125–26, 133, 141, 212
Nazi relations with, 41–45, 47, 75
Phillips-Ciano meeting about, 120–21
Pius XI views about, 130
See also Sudetenland
Daladier, Édouard, 128
Davis, Thurston N., 225
democracy
LaFarge views about, 162
Roosevelt views about, 164
Desbuquois, Gustave, 81, 91, 96, 97, 111
Divinis Redemptoris (Pius XI encyclical), 77–78, 113
Dodd, William E., 69
Dougherty, Dennis (cardinal), 205
D’Ouince, Father, 90
Downey, Father, 108
Drexel, Katharine, 83
The Education of Henry Adams (Adams), 88–89
Elizabeth (queen of England), 84
encyclical, Pius XI–LaFarge
anti-Semitism/Jews and, 59–62, 75, 91, 92–93, 99, 111, 112, 113, 115, 135–36, 138, 171, 172, 214, 225–26
assistants for writing, 81
censorship of, 114
Communism and, 113, 159
cover story for, 82
delivery to Pius XI of, 134–38, 141, 144–45, 146, 159, 165, 170–71, 227
drafts of, 112–13, 172, 214, 225–26, 227
Fascists and, 160
fear of Gestapo and, 100
first major public revelation about, 226
Gundlach-LaFarge letters about, 136–37, 145, 146, 172, 194–95, 215–16, 226
Hitler and, 75, 113, 114, 231, 232
human rights and, 112
importance of, 97, 111, 226, 231–32
International Justice as blueprint for, 90–91
introduction of, 114
key points in, 114–15
Killeen-LaFarge correspondence about, 138
LaFarge delivery to Ledóchowski of, 146
LaFarge feelings/concerns about, 80–81, 112, 164–65, 222, 223
as LaFarge legacy, 113
LaFarge return to U.S. and, 134
Mussolini and, 190
nationalism and, 171
Nazis and, 160
news services announcement about, 159–60
Pacelli and, 189–90
Paris as base for working on, 81, 83, 84–85, 86–96, 99
Passelecq-Suchecky book about, 226–27
Pius XI beatification of and, 230
Pius XI death and, 189–90, 226
Pius XI expectations about, 90
Pius XI illness and, 147, 171–72
Pius XI–LaFarge letters about, 145–46, 165, 227
Pius XII–Ledóchowski meeting about, 214
Pius XII rejection of, 214–16
plans for, 51–52, 59–62
publication of, 164–65, 215, 226
purpose of, 51–52, 59–62
racism and, 59–62, 90–91, 92, 111, 115, 137, 155, 160, 171, 172
rewriting of, 170–71, 189–90
Rosa review of, 135–36, 138, 170
secrecy about, 61, 75–76, 81, 82, 84, 96–97, 99, 100, 105, 171
title for, 113, 17
1
Vatican-Nazi relations and, 137–38
Vatican politics and, 75–76, 94, 116–17, 146–47
writing of, 86, 89–96, 100, 105, 107, 108, 111–13, 115–16, 134
See also Ledóchowski, Wlodimir, and Pius XI–LaFarge encyclical
encyclicals
of Pius XI, 22, 25–26, 41, 51–52, 72, 75, 77–78, 91, 97, 113, 135, 147, 226
See also specific encyclical
England. See Great Britain; London, England
Etudes magazine, 90
Eucharistic Congress (Budapest, 1938), 8, 45–49, 50
Eucharistic Congress (New Orleans, 1938), 147
Europe, LaFarge 1938 trip to
America magazine story about, 161–62
Budapest visit during, 47–50
England visit during, 11–13, 15–18
Eucharistic Congress and, 47–50
French tours and, 86–87
Koblenz visit during, 38–41
LaFarge on French-German border during, 36–38
LaFarge homesickness during, 89–90
LaFarge return from, 131, 132, 134, 139–40
map of, 32
Paris visit during, 34–35
Prague visit during, 41–45, 141
purpose of, 8, 18, 47
Rome visit during, 52–57
Evian-les-Bains (France): international conference on refugees in, 85–86
Farinacci, Roberto, 110–11, 154
Fascists. See Italy/Fascists; Mussolini, Benito
Fattorini, Emma, 228
Faustino, Brother, 181, 183
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 154
Ferdinand, Archduke Franz, 42
Feuermann, Emanuel, 139
Feuermann, Mrs. Emanuel, 139
Fonsau, George Hoffman, 42
Ford, Henry, 154
France
Alsace concerns of, 12
Communism in, 79
German views about, 39
LaFarge 1938 tours of, 86–87
LaFarge on border between Germany and, 36–38
LaFarge views about, 85, 86–87
Munich Agreement and, 131, 133
Nazi-Czechoslovakia relations and, 44, 112, 118, 125
Nazi occupation of Sudetenland and, 133
Pacelli election/coronation as pope and, 211
selection of Pius XI successor and, 195, 197–98
U.S. relations with, 86
war preparations of, 176
See also Paris, France
Franciscan Brothers of the Sick, Chapel of (Koblenz, Germany), 41
Franciscans, 40, 41
Franco, Francisco, 55, 78, 105–6
FUCI (Catholic youth organization), 201
Gallagher, Charles, 228
Gannon, Michael, 228
George VI (king of England), 84–85
German Reichstag: Hitler speech to, 176
Germany. See Nazi Germany; specific person
Gianfarra, Camille, 204–5
Goebbels, Joseph, 45, 123, 124, 127, 147–48, 150, 154
gold, 139
Goldstein, Israel, 164
Göring, Hermann, 25, 147–48
Graham, Father Robert, 172
Grano, Monsignor Carlo, 185
Grasselli, Luigi, 29
Great Britain
Hurley–Pius XI relationship and, 104
LaFarge 1938 trip to, 11–13, 15–18
Munich Agreement and, 131, 133
Nazi-Czechoslovakia relations and, 44, 112, 118, 125, 133
Pacelli visits to, 73–74
Pius XI crooked crosses statement and, 33
Pius XI encyclical about Nazis and, 72
selection of Pius XI successor and, 195, 196
Vatican policies toward Nazis and Fascists and, 212
Vatican relations with, 168
war preparations in, 12, 176
See also London, England
Gregorian University, 52, 53, 54, 73, 83, 134, 145
Grynszpan (Herschel) family, 150
Gumpel, Peter, 230
Gundlach, Gustav
concerns about Ledóchowski of, 100, 116
concerns about Pacelli of, 100
copies of encyclical and, 172
as LaFarge assistant on encyclical, 81
LaFarge delivery of encyclical and, 117
LaFarge letters to/from, 136–37, 145, 146, 160, 165, 172, 194, 215, 226
LaFarge relationship with, 91, 93, 94, 95, 114, 216
LaFarge self-doubts and, 93
Ledóchowski and, 92, 134–35, 146, 159
and Ledóchowski delivery of encyclical to Pius XI and, 134–35, 146, 159, 165
Maher letter to, 215
Nazi relations with, 100
Pacelli/Pius XII and, 100, 160, 211–12
Pius XI conspiracy theory of, 137
Pius XII rejection of Pius XI–LaFarge encyclical and, 215
publication of encyclical and, 172, 215
secrecy about Vatican activities and, 97, 99
views about Hitler of, 100, 111
views about Pius XI–LaFarge encyclical of, 215–16
writing of Pius XI–LaFarge encyclical and, 91, 94–96, 111, 113, 134
writing style of, 94–95
Halifax, Lord, 17, 166–67, 168
Hary, Nicola Mattioli, 202
Heilbrunn (Julius) family, 139
Henderson, Sir Neville, 43
Hennequin, Paule, 202
The Hidden Encyclical of Pius XI (Passelecq and Suchecky), 227
Himmler, Heinrich, 213
Hitler, Adolf
anti-Catholic program of, 130
as Catholic, 33
Catholic Church/Vatican views about, 13, 17, 25, 176
Chamberlain and, 117–18, 127, 128, 133, 168
Ciano-Phillips meeting about, 121
Communism pledge of, 25
Coughlin support for, 153
crooked crosses statement and, 33
Evian-les-Bains refugee conference and, 85–86
excommunication of, 173, 188
German Reichstag speech of, 176
Innitzer incident and, 143–44
LaFarge views about, 41, 126, 141, 161
Munich Agreement and, 131, 133, 167
Mussolini relations with, 33, 52, 69, 75, 105, 167, 218
Pacelli/Pius XII and, 105, 210, 211–12, 213, 215
Pacelli–Pius XI relations and, 74
Pius XI–LaFarge encyclical and, 75, 113, 114, 231, 232
Pius XI views about, 15, 19–21, 22, 25–27, 31–32, 33–34, 47, 67, 69, 72, 74, 75, 97, 103, 122, 128–29, 130, 133, 168, 174, 177, 193, 210, 212, 216
Rome visit of, 12, 13–15, 19, 20–21, 32, 33–34, 35, 37, 47, 52, 67, 85, 160
Schuster comments about, 152
selection of Pius XI successor and, 195
Spanish Civil War and, 106
as speaker, 124–25
Sportpalast speech of, 123–28, 129, 130, 141, 161, 194
Vatican-Nazi relations and, 143–44
views about Pius XI of, 4, 13, 32, 160
See also Nazi Germany; specific person or topic
Hitler Youth organization, 40, 231
Holy Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith, 77
Horthy, Nicholas, 48
Hull, Cordell, 69, 122, 193–94
human rights, 90, 112, 164, 221
Humanis Generis Unitas (The Unity of the Human Race). See encyclical, Pius XI–LaFarge
Hungary: Jews in, 46, 47, 48
Hurley, Monsignor Joseph
appointment as bishop in St. Augustine of, 218
banishment of, 218
break with Vatican of, 217
CBS Radio speech of, 218–19
death of, 219
Innitzer incident and, 143–44
Mundelein visit to Rome and, 148
Pacelli election/coronation as pope and, 204�
�5, 211
and Pacelli love of German culture, 74
Pacelli/Pius XII relationship with, 104–5, 211, 217
papers of, 228
personal and professional background of, 104–5
Phillips’s relationship with, 103, 104, 105, 122, 130, 144, 148, 168, 179, 187, 217–18
Pius XI–Chamberlain meeting and, 167
Pius XI illness/death and, 179, 180, 187
Pius XI relationship with, 104, 122, 217, 218, 219
and Pius XI views about Nazis and Fascism, 103
role at Vatican of, 103–4
Roosevelt thank-you letter to, 123
selection of Pius XI successor and, 196
two crosses image and, 32, 33, 219
Vatican Radio address of, 217
Vatican-U.S. relations and, 122–23
views about Nazis of, 218, 219
views about pacifism of, 217
views about Pius XII of, 216–17, 219
Ickes, Harold, 176
Il Secolo XIX magazine, 174, 201
Innitzer, Theodor (cardinal), 13, 100, 143–44
Inter-Allied Rhineland High Commission, 40
Israel, Edward L. (rabbi), 194
Italian Federation of Catholic University Students: Pius XI speech to, 174, 201, 227
Italy/Fascists
as agents within Catholic Church, 98
anti-Semitism in, 109, 158, 160, 173, 199
Catholics in, 33, 142–43
censorship in, 122
Coughlin and, 154
divisions within U.S. about, 141
entrance into World War II of, 217
influence of Nazi Germany on, 102, 103, 232
Jews in, 14, 102, 109, 142–43, 232
Lateran Agreement and, 160, 174
marriage bans in, 142–43
Nazi relations with, 102, 103, 121
Pacelli views about, 100
Phillips appointment as ambassador to, 68
Pius XI death and, 190
Pius XI–LaFarge encyclical and, 160
Pius XI views about, 4, 49, 69, 101, 102, 168, 174, 190–92, 193, 194
racism in, 101, 115, 160, 190, 232
selection of Pius XI successor and, 195–96, 197
U.S. relations with, 69
Vatican relations with, 82, 98, 102–3, 108–10, 142–43, 160, 173–74, 187, 188, 190–91, 231
young Italians opposed to, 174
See also Mussolini, Benito
Jesuits
St. Ignatius views about, 89
See also America magazine; specific person
Jews
Aryans as needing protection from, 101
at Castel Gandolfo, 229
Communism and, 77, 78, 93
in concentration camps, 40, 151, 230
Coughlin views about, 153, 163
emigration of, 176
Hitler/Nazi persecution of, 8, 9, 13, 51, 60, 69, 109, 115, 133, 138, 150–53, 176, 226, 231, 232
Hitler trip to Rome and, 14
Kristallnacht and, 150–53
LaFarge 1938 European trip and, 46
Ledóchowski views about, 77, 78