Old Compton Street 226, 229, 230
Oliver, William 108
Onania; Or the Heinous Sin of Self-Pollution (early-18th century) 116–17
Onslow, Edward 151
Orange Street 173, 174
Orange Tree club (Soho) 208
Order of Chaeronea 201–2
Ordericus Vitalis 24
Orléans, Liselotte, Duchess of 99–100
Orléans, Philippe I, Duke of 99
Orton, Joe 218
Orwell, George 188
Osborne, Francis 61
Oviat, James (‘Miss Oviat’) 128
Ovid 54
Oxford, Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of 55–6
Oxford Street 184, 200, 213
Oxford University 26, 45; boat race 183, 200
Paddon, George 182
paedophilia 9, 65, 103, 131, 174, 189
Pagitt, Ephraim, Heresiography 43–4
Pall Mall 101, 102
Palladium (theatre), Circle Bar 208
pantomime 148, 183, 186
Panton Street 219
Paris 27, 100
Park, Frederick (‘Fanny’) 183–5, 189
Pateshull, Peter 26
pathics (passive partners) 2, 100, 115
Paul, St, epistle to the Romans 71
pederasty 9, 10, 43, 53–6, 65–6, 123, 190
Peel, Sir Robert 172
Pentonville prison 199
Pepys, Samuel 88, 89–90
Pert, Obert 124–5
Petronius 12
Pettit, Nicola 228
phallocentrism 10, 77–8, 152–3
phalloplasty 228
Philip II, King of France 24
Philip II of Macedon 201
Phillips, Katherine (‘Orinda’) 79
Phoenix of Sodom; or The Vere Street Coterie (1813) 166–7
Physiognomonics (c.300 BC) 10–11
physiognomy, and queerness 55, 202
Piccadilly 191, 219
pillories (punishment devices) 102, 107, 122, 154–6, 166
Pimlico 178
Pink Elephant club (Soho) 219
pirates, female 137
Pitt, William, the Younger 161
Plain Reasons for the Growth of Sodomy (1728) 135
Plato, Symposium 4, 198
Play Pen bar (Notting Hill) 230
playhouses see theatre
polari (slang language) 185–6
Pondicherry, siege of (1778) 138
‘poof’, usage of term 4, 181
Pope, Alexander 106, 115
Pope, Mary 82
Pope’s Head Alley (City) 111
Poplar 136
Poplet, Mary 129
pornography 76, 116, 144, 175, 189
Portland, William Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland 97–8, 100
Portland Place 184
Poulter, Amy (‘James Howard’) 79–80
Prat, Abbé du (pseud.), Venus in the Cloister 76
Pratt, John 176
Price, Mary 139–40
Prince of Wales Theatre 208
prints, erotic 174–5
Procter, William 161
prostitution: Roman times 9–10; medieval period 37–9; 16th and 17th centuries 51, 86; 18th century 107, 112, 120, 130, 133, 135–6, 150; 19th century 183–4, 190, 192–3; see also brothels
‘Pry, Paul’ see Burke, Thomas
Prynne, William, Histriomastix 49–50, 50–51
public houses 85, 88, 120, 123–4, 165, 173, 181, 208, 219; see also bars and nightclubs; inns; molly houses
Pulteney, William, Earl of Bath 115–16
Puritans 49–50, 65, 72
‘queen’, usage of term 3
Queen Square (Bloomsbury) 165
Queenhithe 10, 26, 39
Queensberry, John Douglas, 9th Marquess of 197–8
‘queer’, origins and usages of term 1, 5, 228–9
queer studies/theory 1, 226
radishes, used in penetration 9
Raife de Clermont (knight) 24
railways 182
Ramillies, Battle of (1706) 138
Rangoon Street (City) 12–13
rape 9, 15, 65–6, 131
Read, Mary 137
Read, Richard 160–61
Readshawe, Thomas 161
Red Lion tavern (Soho) 123
Redshawe, Anne 135
Regent Street 181, 183, 205
Regent’s Park 190
Reina, Casiodoro del 44
restaurants 198, 199, 207
Reynolds, William 65
Richard I, King 23–4
Richard of Devizes (chronicler) 25
Rievaulx Abbey, Yorkshire 21
Rigby, Edward 101–2
Rivers, Thomas 93
Robinson, Isabella 145
Rochester, John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of 91–2
Rockingham club (Soho) 208
Roger of Chester (chronicler) 23
Roman Catholicism see Catholicism
Roman London 8–14
Rome, ancient 148
Rose and Crown public house (St Martin’s Lane) 173
Rosebery, Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of 197
Rowton Houses (hostels) 188
Royal Academy of Arts 151
Royal Exchange 39, 85–6, 111
Royal Exeter Hotel (Strand) 183
Royal Hospital Chelsea 138
Royal Oak public house (St James’s) 123–4
Royal Vauxhall Tavern 230
Royston, Hertfordshire 59
Rugby Union 228
‘Rummy Cove’s Delight, The’ (1833) 177
Running Horse public house (Mayfair) 208
Rykener, John 37–9
Sacred Band of Thebes 201
Saffron Hill 85
sailors 86, 90, 163; reputation of 19; women as 81, 137–8, 145, 205
St Clement Dane’s, Church of 125
St Dunstan in the East, Church of 108
St Dunstan in the West, Church of 125
St George’s Fields 108, 167
St Giles in the Fields, Church of 125
St James’s Hotel 181, 199
St James’s Park 91, 101, 110, 116, 126, 128, 150, 164
St James’s Square 123–4
St Katharine by the Tower, Church of 38
St Martin’s Lane 173
St Marylebone Parish Church 79
St Paul’s Cathedral 86, 124–5
St Paul’s, Covent Garden 213
St Thomas’s Hospital 107, 222
Sangster, John 160
‘sapphism’, origin and usage of term 5, 143
Sappho 5, 79, 142
Sappho-an, The (1749) 140
Sappick Epistle, A (1777) 5, 142
Satan’s Harvest Home (1749) 154
Satyr on the Players (1682) 89
Saul, Jack 189, 190, 192, 193
saunas 230
Savile, Henry 91
Savoy (district) 106
Saxons see Anglo-Saxons
Scarsdale, Robert Leke, 3rd Earl of 100
Schofield, Michael, A Minority 217
schools and schoolmasters 25, 54, 62, 92, 122, 131, 169
science, and sexuality 3–4, 202–4
Scipio 11
Second World War 215
Sedley, Sir Charles 89–90
‘Seraphina, Princess’ see Cowper, John
Serpentine (Hyde Park) 202
Seven Dials 142, 167, 177
Sextus Empiricus 8
Sexual Offences Act (1967) 217, 218
Sexual Offences Act (2003) 42
Shadwell 86
Shakespeare, William 51–2, 139, 198
Shann, Mr (China shop owner) 155–6
She-Wedding, The (1684) 80
Shelley, Mary 145
Shoe Lane (City) 26
shop assistants 39, 105–6
Shoreditch 74; Holywell Priory 21
Shrewsbury, Charles Talbot, Duke of 99
Sidall, Wil
liam 108
Siddons, Sarah 143
Sinclaire, Nikki 228
Sinks of London, The (1835) 177
Sins of the Cities of the Plain, The (1881) 189–90, 192
‘Sir Launfal’ (Anglo-Norman lay) 24
Skelthorp, George 110–111
Smith, John (convicted bugger) 176
Smithfield 120, 122, 123; market 150
smoking 202, 206
Smollett, Tobias, Roderick Random 150–51
Smyth, William 39
Snell, Hannah 137
social media 229, 232
Society of Dilettanti 152, 158
Society for the Reformation of Manners 97, 101, 126; secret agents 107, 111, 119–20
Society for the Suppression of Vice 171, 174
Sodomites’ Shame and Doom, The (1702) 110
sodomy: usages and definitions of term 1–2; pre-Roman era 8; Byzantine empire 14; Anglo-Saxons 14–16; Vikings 19; early medieval 20, 21, 23; late medieval 26–7, 28–9, 33, 39–41; 16th century 41–4, 55–6; 17th century 59, 64–6, 87–8, 93–4, 97–103; 18th century 106–7, 110–112, 120–22, 129–33, 151, 156–7; 19th century 163–78, 184
Soho 208, 219, 226, 229–30, 231
soldiers 97, 151, 165, 187; as hustlers 110–111, 150, 173–4, 175, 187, 190, 216; in wartime 207, 208, 215; women as 137–8, 207; see also military service
Solferino’s (restaurant) 199
Solomon, Simeon 190
Somerset, Lord Arthur 193, 194
Somerset, Robert Carr, Earl of 60, 61
Soper Lane (City) 37
sorcery, and sodomy 33, 42
Southampton, Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of 65
Southwark 12, 47, 65, 167
Southwell, Francis 55–6
Spare Rib (magazine) 221
Sparshott, John 176
Spartan club (Pimlico) 208
Spenser, Edmund, The Shepherd’s Calendar 53
Spitalfields 135, 174, 231
‘spoonitoria’, proposals for 202
Stafford, Humphrey 65–6
Standard public house (Piccadilly) 219
Stanhope, James Stanhope, 1st Earl 100
Stanley, Sam 228
Steckwel, Dick 86
Steele, Sir Richard 82, 106
Stephens, Samuel 119–20
Stepney 124
Stevens, James 128–9
Stonewall riots 221, 225
Strabo 7
Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of 100
Strand 106, 181; hotels 183; taverns and public houses 85, 173, 181; York House 64
Strand Theatre 183, 184
Streatham 213
Stubbes, Philip, The Anatomy of Abuses 50, 72
Suffolk Street (Haymarket) 135
suicide 107, 108, 111–12, 172, 197, 213, 215
Sunderland, Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of 98–9
Sweetman, Roger 160–61
Swift, Jonathan 98; Gulliver’s Travels 141
Swinscow, Thomas 193
swishiness 87
Symonds, John Addington 186–7, 188, 202; A Problem in Modern Ethics 201; Sexual Inversion 203
Tacitus, Agricola 11
Talbot, Mary Anne (‘James Talbot’) 137, 138
Talbot Inn (Strand) 127
Tatian 10
taverns see public houses
Tavistock Street (Covent Garden) 135
Taylor, Alfred 198–9
Taylor, Benjamin 130–31
Tea Kettle bar (Wardour Street) 208
telegraph boys 192–3
television 228
Temple (district) 102, 106, 166
Thackeray, William Makepeace 169; Vanity Fair 147–8
theatre: 16th and 17th centuries 45, 47–53, 76, 88–9, 90–92, 93–4; 18th century 105, 108–9, 112, 113, 142, 147; 19th century 183, 200, 203–4; 20th century 208
Theatre Royal, Drury Lane 112, 144
Theodore of Tarsus, Archbishop of Canterbury 16
Theodore II, Patriarch of Constantinople 119
Theydon Garnon, Essex 38
Thieving Lane (Westminster) 125
‘third genders’ 17, 154
Thomas, Joseph 102–3
Thorp, Henry 108
Thrale, Hester 143–4, 145
Threatening Letters Act (1825) 174
Three Potters tavern (Cripplegate) 88
Three Shoes tavern (Moorfields) 123
Three Tobacco Rolls tavern (Covent Garden) 123
‘tiddy dolls’ (slang term) 159
‘tommies’ (slang term) 142
Tower of London 10, 19
Trafalgar Square 174
transgender people 37, 154, 226–7, 227–8, 232
transvestism: Anglo-Saxons 17; medieval period 24, 36, 37; 16th and 17th centuries 47, 48, 70, 71–2, 73–4, 81, 89, 90; 18th century 115, 127, 128–9, 136–7, 141, 142, 145, 153, 157, 163; 19th century 163, 176–8, 182–5; 20th century 205, 206–7; see also drag acts
travellers, bed-sharing 160–61
Treasons Act (1534) 41
Trocadero, Long Bar 207, 208
Tunley, Thomas 39
Turkey 143
Turnagain Lane (City) 182
‘Two Kissing Girls of Spitalfields’ (1728) 135
Two Sugar Loaves tavern (Drury Lane) 129
Tyburn gallows 93, 119
Udall, Nicholas 54
Uffenbach, Zacharias Conrad von 106
Ulrichs, Karl Heinrich 4
Uranians 4
urban life, and queerness 148–50, 182
urinals, public see lavatories, public
utilitarianism 169–70
vagrancy laws 164, 188, 202
Vallender, Lucy 228
Vanbrugh, Sir John, The Relapse 94
Vauxhall 85, 230
venereal disease 109, 124
Venus in the Cloister (1683) 76
Vere Street coterie 165–7
Vernon, James 99
Victoria, Queen 71
Victoria Station 216, 219
Vidal, Gore 229
Vikings 18–19
Vincent, John 87
Vinnian, Penitential of 16
Virgil, Bucolics 54
‘V–, Countess’ 204
Wakley, Archibald 187
Walbrook 13
Walker, Richard 64
Wallington, Nehemiah 65
Walpole, Horace, 4th Earl of Orford 152, 154
Wandering Whore, The (1660) 89
Ward, Ned 92–3, 112
Ward, Tania 228
Wardour Street 208
Ward’s Irish Bar (Piccadilly) 219
Warwick, Guy de Beauchamp, 10th Earl of 32
Waterloo Station 211
Waugh, Evelyn, Brideshead Revisited 45
Wedgwood, Henry 176
Wellington public house (Soho) 207
Wells, Henry 93
‘Welsh, Christopher’ see Davies, Christina
Wentworth, Thomas, 1st Earl of Strafford 100
Westminster 123, 125
Westminster Abbey 82, 173, 175; St John the Baptist chapel 76
Westminster Hall 185
Westminster School 54
Whale, Robert (‘Peggy’) 123
Wheatsheaf public house (Fitzrovia) 219
White Bear public house (Piccadilly Circus) 219
White Cross Place (City) 123
White Lion Tavern (Haymarket) 170–71, 173
White Swan public house (Vere Street) 165
Whitechapel 125, 188, 231
Whitefriars Theatre 49, 85
Whitehall 90
Widow in Masquerade tavern (Wapping) 138
Wild, Sir Ernest 209
Wild, Jonathan 126
Wilde, Oscar 197–9, 203, 206; The Importance of Being Earnest 192
Wilde, Willie 198
Wilkes, John, An Essay on Woman 140
Willesden 207
William I ‘the Conqueror’, King 19
William II ‘Rufus’, King 19–20, 21, 2
3, 59
William III, King 97–8, 99–100, 113
William Adelin 21
William of Malmesbury 20
Williamson, Richard 127
Wilson, Arthur 62
Wilson, Edward 99
‘Wilson, Miss’ (prostitute) 135–6
Wilson, Sir Thomas 59
Windmill Street (Piccadilly) 123
Windsor Castle public house (Strand) 181
‘windward passage’ (slang term) 3, 122
witchcraft: and sodomy 33, 42; and transvestism 17
Wiveton, Norfolk 76
Wodrow, Robert 98
Woffington, Margaret ‘Peg’ 142
Wolf, Henry 131
Wolfenden report (1957) 217–18
Woman Hater’s Lamentation, The (1707) 112
Wood, Anthony 81
Woodward, Thomas 79
Woolverton, Walter 200
Woolwich Arsenal 207
words for queers and queerness 1–5, 16, 66, 147, 159, 181, 228–9, 232
workhouses 188–9
Worsley, T.C. 4
Wortley Montagu, Lady Mary 115, 143
Wright, Thomas 123
Wycliffe, John, biblical translation 3
Yates, Joseph 122
Yates, Mary Anne 144
Yokel’s Preceptor, The (guidebook) 181
Yorkshire Stingo public house (Marylebone) 200
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First published by Chatto & Windus in 2017
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Table of Contents
Contents
About the Book
About the Author
Also by Peter Ackroyd
List of Illustrations
Title Page
1: What’s in a name?
2: A red and savage tongue
3: A military lay
4: The friend
5: No cunt
6: Bring on the dancing boys
7: Soft and slippery
8: The rubsters
9: Suck thy master
10: Arsey-Versy