JUDAEAN NOMENCLATURE
Ben - Son of
Essenes - Religious group
Dybbuk - Possessing spirit
Hasmonean - Dynasty of Judaea, suppressed by the romans
Kashrut - Dietary laws
Kohanim - Priests
Korban - Temple treasure
Mosaic Law - Set of rules and commands written by Moses
Messianics - Religious group, followers of Jesus Christ
Nasi - President of the Sanhedrin
Nazarene - Denomination for Christians or Essenes
Nisan - Month of April
Pesach - Religious festival (Passover)
Pharisees - Religious group
Rabban - Doctor of the Mosaic Law, sage
Saducees - Religious group
Sanhedrin - Supreme Council
Seder - Ritual feast
Shabbat - Day of rest
Sheol - The land of the dead, the land of nothingness
Sicarii - Radical group, sect of assassins
Torah - The five books of Moses, sacred book
Zealots - Religious radical group
GRECO-ROMAN NOMENCLATURE
Acropolis - Highest point in predominantly Greek cities
Addenda - Plural of Annex
Agora - Public square in predominantly Greek cities
Ambrosia - Mythical food/drink of the Greek gods
Acheron - River in the underworld of Greek mythology
Basilica - Edifice reserved for assemblies
Bireme - A ship of Greek origin, with 2 decks of oars
Cardo - Urban street - north to south orientation
Castrum - Military camp or edifice
Chatti - Germanic tribe
Consul - Supreme magistrate of Rome
Christians - Religious group, followers of Jesus Christ
Christ - Messiah
Curia - Assembly building of the roman senate
Decumanus - Urban street - east to west orientation
Sacred Disease - Epilepsy
Dominus - Roman salutation, lord, master
Domus - Residential house
Ecclesia - A place for assemblies, church, temple
Erratum - Corrective text of a published work
Forum - Public square in predominantly roman cities
Hades - The underworld in Greek mythology
Insula - Residential building with multiple floors
Iseum - Temple in honor of the goddess Isis
Khaire - Greek salutation
Koine - Greek dialect in the antiquity
Legate - General / Governor of a roman province
Ludi - Plays and theatrical games
Mega Khaire - Greek salutation
Mithraeum - Temple in honor of the god Mithra
Murmillones - Roman gladiators, used shield and sword
Olympus - Mythical residence of the Greco-Roman gods
Oracle - Prophetic prediction
Palatine - Designation of the Imperial palaces of Rome
Parthians - Persians
Patera - Father
Patrician - Roman aristocrat
Pax romana - Period of relative peace in the roman empire
Pythia - Priestess of the temple of Apollo in Delphi
Prefect - High roman official, responsible for military and civil rule
Praetor - Roman magistrate, responsible for judiciary affairs
Pretorium - Government seat of a roman Prefect/Procurator
Princeps - Title of a member of the imperial family
Procurator - High roman official, responsible for military and civil rule
Publican - Tax collector at the service of Rome
Quaestor - Senate supervisor for judicial and fiscal affairs
Retiarii - Roman gladiators, used a net and a trident
Rostra - Platform in a forum for official speeches
Salve - Roman salutation, singular
Salvete - Roman salutation, plural
Septuagint - Greek translation of the five books of Moses, the Pentateuch
Sophos - Scholar / wise man
Speculatores - Messengers and agents of the Imperial guard
Stabulum - Inn
Taberna - Public place for the serving of drinks
Tartarus - Mythical place in the Greek underworld
Thermopolium - Public place for the serving of food and meals
Thracian - Roman gladiator, use curved sword and shin guards
Triclinium - Dining-room in Greco-Roman residences
Trireme - A ship of Greek origin, with 3 decks of oars (180 rowers)
Vale - Roman salutation
Villa - Residence of a wealthy roman
Vox populi - The voice of the people
Ziggurat - Ancient temple in Babylon