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Acknowledgements
First of all I would like to thank Ellah Alfrey, formely of Jonathan Cape, who commissioned this work. My present editor at Cape, Alex Bowler, has played a more than significant role in shaping this book. His detailed and insightful suggestions have improved my original work no end, from the overall structure to the smallest historical facts.
I would also like to thank the staff and fellow researchers I encountered on my round of the various libraries and museums in Britain and Italy, some of whose suggestions proved particularly fruitful. My visits to Venice, Padua, Vienna, Paris, Crete and Istanbul over the years have all led me into contact with countless sources who have contributed to this work. As always, the staff in the Humanities 2 Reading
Room of the British Library were exceptional.
Once again, no thanks can be complete without acknowledgement of all the work and encouragement provided by my agent, Julian Alexander of the LAW Agency, who for so many years now has been both a helpful and reassuring friend.
Index
Abano, 87, 90
Abbot, George, 263
Acciaiuoli family, 19
Ackroyd, Peter, 279
Acquaviva, Cardinal, 325
Actium, 199
Battle of, 210
Adda, River, 91, 93, 171, 172
Adige, River, 129
Adrianople, 99
Adriatic, 9, 33, 34, 35, 44, 56, 58, 60, 64, 66, 68, 103, 138, 198, 199, 200, 209, 255, 295, 297, 298
Aegean, 30, 31, 35, 103, 104, 106, 107, 113, 135, 199, 252, 254, 255, 256, 295, 298
Africa, 16, 33
North, 15, 198
West, 33, 139
see also names of countries
Agnadello, Battle of, 172–3, 176
Ahmed III, Sultan, 295
Albania, 239
Albenga, 57
Albi, Marin, 328, 329
Aldme Press, 181–2
Aleppo, 249
Alexander V, Pope (Petros Philargos), 77–8, 79, 80
Alexandria, 28, 50, 140, 156, 174, 249, 250, 255
Alfonso of Aragon, 126–7
Alghero, 31, 34
Algiers, 200, 213
Ali Pasha, 209, 210, 211
Alonzo of Aragon, 149, 150, 154, 156–7, 158, 159
Alps, 24, 82, 139, 180, 330, 332
alum trade, 175–6
Alviano, Bartolomeo d’, 172, 173
Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy, 68
Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy, 85, 86, 88
Ambrosian Republic, 130–1
America, 316, 320
Amsterdam, 238, 304
Anatolia, 35, 73, 135, 138, 145, 155, 213, 252
Ancona, 58
Anderson, Sonia P., 259
Andromcus IV Palaeologus, Emperor, 55, 56
Angiolello, Giovanni, 137
Antonia (servant), 221
Antwerp, 238
Anzio, 57
Apulia, 58, 68, 138
Aragon, 30, 31, 34
Arcadian Academy, Rome, 326
Arcelli, lord of Piacenza, 126
Arcetri, 274
Aretino, Pietro, 182–6, 215–16, 219, 275n
The Secret Life of Nuns, 219
Sonetti Lussuriosi, 183
Arezzo, 182
Argos, 114
Anan heresy, 263
Ariosto, Ludovico, 183
Orlando Furioso, 233
Anstarchus of Samos, 188
Aristotle/Aristotelian ideas, 51, 260, 269, 270, 271, 273
Arquà, 51
Arsenale, Venice, 2, 26, 27, 28, 33, 34, 58, 60, 62, 63, 68, 200, 216, 224, 231, 278, 299
Arsenakttti, 27–8, 39, 40, 43, 135
art, 136–8, 176–80, 184, 186, 214, 215–17, 218, 307–14
Ashkenazi Jews, 233
Asia, 14, 17, 18 see also names of countries
Asolo, 165, 166–8, 171
Athens, 176, 255
Atlantic, 16
Austria/Austrian Empire, 24, 242, 243, 245, 254, 284, 285, 296, 298, 312, 330, 331, 332
Avalos, Alfonso d’, 194, 195
Avignon, 37, 53, 75
Bach, Johann Sebastian, 286
Bacon, Roger, 16 and n
Baffo, Sofia see Safiye
Balbi, Bernardo, 295
Balkans, 115, 138, 295, 296, 298
Baltic, 15
Baltoghlu, Admiral, 103
banks, 17, 19
Banque Générale, 305
Barattieri, Nicolò, 301–2
Barbarigo, Doge of Venice, 164
Barbaro, Francesco, 117
Barbara, Marco, 39
Barbaro, Nicolò, 98, 101–3, 104–5, 108–9, 111–12, 117
Barbarossa, Khaireddin, 198, 199, 200
Barbary raiders, 200, 213
Barcelona, 327
Bardi family, 19
Barettl, Giuseppe, 290, 291
Bassano, Zuan Antonio da, 194
Bay of Spezia, 57
Bedmar, Marquis of, 244, 245
Bejazit II, Sultan, 138, 139, 155, 175
Beirut, 64, 140, 174, 249
Bellarmme, Cardinal Robert, 268, 274
Bellaudi, Anzoletta, 317 and n, 318
Bellini, Gentile, 136–8, 168, 176–7
Bellini, Giovanni, 176, 177, 179, 180, 216
Beltrami, 40, 43
Bembo, Pietro, 166, 168
Gli Asolam, 166
Benedict XIII, Pope, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80
Benedict XIV Pope, 325, 327
Bergamo, 126, 128, 132
Bergreen, Laurence, 7
Bigli (chronicler), 92
Black Sea, 8, 9, 16, 22, 23, 25, 28, 31, 56, 98, 99, 102, 135, 200
Bodleian Library, Oxford, 51
Bogazkesen, 98 and n, 99
Bohemia, 18, 246, 329–30
Bologna, 79, 80, 187, 196
University, 191, 192, 194
Bonaparte see Napoleon Bonaparte
Bonaventun, Pellagrina, 227
Bonaventuri, Petro, 227, 228
Borgia, Cesare, 167
Bosphorus, 30–1, 98, 102, 103, 104, 111, 136, 251
Bragadin, Marcantonio, 203–4, 205–6, 210, 212
Brandolo campanile, Chioggia, 66
Brendan the Navigator, St, 15n, 16
Brescia, 87, 93, 94, 95, 128–9, 189, 215, 282
Britain see England/Britain
Brown, Horatio F., 82
Bruges, 16, 17, 176
Bruno, Giordano, 262–9, 270, 272, 274
Bucintoro, 28, 67, 118, 142, 143, 145, 164, 313
Burano, 62
Burckhardt, Jacob, 20, 166, 183
Burges, Colonel Elizeus, 307
Burgundy, 78, 79
Burma, 14
Bussone, Francesco see Carmagnola
Buston, Flori, 160–1
Byzantine Council, 107
Byzantine Empire, 9, 18, 73, 83, 97–113, 114
Byzantine Orthodox Church, 46, 115
Cadamosto, Alvise, 139, 174
Ca’ Dolfin, Venice, 308
Cadore, 179
Ca d’Oro, Venice, 180
Caffè Flonan, Venice, 300
Caffè Menagazzo (Caffè dei Letterati), Venice, 315, 318
Ca’ Foscari, Venice, 124
Ca’ Grande, Venice, 264
Cairo, 249
Calabria, 198
Caldora, Jacopo, 126, 127
Calegaria gate, Constantinople, 105, 106
Calergi, Ioannes, 48, 49
Calimani, Riccardo, 232, 233, 236
Ca’ Molina delle due Torn, Venice, 49–50, 51
Campanile, Venice, 61, 135, 231, 272, 311, 313
Campo di Fiore, Rome, 268
Campofregoso, Domenico di, 57
Canal, Bernard, 310
Canaletto (Giovanni Antonio Canal), 185, 219, 310–13
The Return of the Bucintoro to the Molo on Ascension Day, 311
The Stonemason’s Yard, 310
Canareggio district, Venice, 231
Canary Islands, 16, 33
Candia, 45, 46, 47–8, 61, 77, 122, 252, 253–4
Cathedral, 45
Canea, 251, 252
Canton River, 174
Capello, Bianca, 227–30
Capello family, 229
Cape Matapan, 298
Cape of Good Hope, 174, 176, 241
Cape Verde Islands, 139
Capitol, Rome, 32
Ca’ Polo (later known as Corte Milione), Venice, 6, 8–9
Capri, 200
Cardano, Fazio, 193
Cardano, Girolamo, 192–6, 215, 301 and n
Ars Magna, 196
Carla, illegitimate child of James II of Cypr
us, 146, 148, 149, 150, 154
Carmagnola (Francesco Bussom), 84–96, 126, 127, 131, 132
Carnival, 219, 299, 315–16
banquet, 38, 42
Carrara, Francesco da, 51, 56, 60, 64, 66, 73
Carrara family, 69
Carretto, Francesco, Marchese del, 57
Casale Monferrato, 256
Casalmaggiore, 87, 88
Casanova, Gaetano, 322
Casanova, Zanetta, 288, 322
Casanova de Seingalt, Giacomo, 288, 300, 315, 318, 319, 320, 322–30, 331
Caspian Sea, 9, 16–17
Castelfranco, 177
Castello district, Venice, 6, 9, 27, 40, 307
Castel Sant’ Angelo, Rome, 267
Catalogo di tutti le principal et ptù honorate corttgmnt di Venizia, Il, 223
Caterina, Queen of Cyprus (Caterina Cornaro), 141–51, 152, 153, 156–7, 158, 159, 161–70, 171, 177
Catherine the Great, 327
Catholic Church, 46, 75, 115, 188, 237, 240, 269, 317 see also names of popes
Cattaro, 58, 60
Catullus, 225
Caucasus, the, 28
Cavalcabò, Ugolino, 93, 127
Ca’ Vemer, Venice, 225
Cervantes, Miguel de, 212, 213
Chania, 45, 46, 48
Charles III, King of Spam, 309
Charles IV of Bohemia, later Holy Roman Emperor, 32, 53 and n
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, 185, 198, 199, 233
Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, 285, 286, 296, 312
Charlotte, Queen (deposed) of Cyprus, 140–1, 149, 151–2
Chian, 90
China, 9, 12–14, 14n, 15, 16n, 18, 61, 140, 174, 276
Chinazzo, Daniele di, 59, 62
Chioggia, 37, 60, 61, 63–4, 65–7, 68
Chios, 35, 100, 107, 256, 257
Church of England, 237
Cilicia, 140, 155
Cipnana, Donna, 220
Ciotto (bookseller), 266
Citadella, 167
Clement V Pope, 53
Clement VI, Pope, 25
Clement VII, Pope (Giulio de’ Medici)
as Cardinal Giuho de’ Medici, 183
as Pope, 183, 185
Clement VIII, Pope, 267, 268
Clement XIII, Pope, 327
Cocco, Zuanne see Foscarim, Andrea
coffee houses, 300, 315
College of Physicians, Milan, 193
Colleom, Bartolomeo, 126–34, 134–5, 176
Colleoni, Paolo, 126
Colonna, Marcantomo, 209
Columbus, Christopher, 15 and n, 16n
Comédie-Française, Paris, 290