and the Catholic Church 7
death of 20, 33, 38–9
desire for united realm 3–4, 7–9
funeral of 40
marries Margaret 13, 15, 17, 25
relationship with son (Edward II) 26–30
Edward II, King
abdicates (1327) 112
after escape from Berkeley Castle 233–6
against marriage to Isabella 32, 42
anniversary Mass for 131
at Battle of Bannockburn 59–60
becomes King 36
becomes Prince of Wales 26–7
betrothed to Isabella 13, 15–16, 18
bribes French Court 88
at Bury St Edmunds monastery 25–6
and Catholic Church 7
character of 23–5, 28–9, 30–1, 51, 235–6
childhood of 23–4
children of 35, 54, 60, 62, 67, 80, 95, 109, 120, 133, 142, 175
coronation of 45–6
corpse embalmed 223–4
correspondence with Isabella 77, 78, 81, 83, 96–7
cut off by Edward I 29–30
death faked by Isabella and Mortimer 220–5
death of 127–31, 133–4, 136, 138, 142
deposed (1327) 109–12
escapes from Berkeley Castle 122–3
flees to Wales (1326) 91, 92, 93
freed from Berkeley Castle by Dunheved gang 217–19, 224
funeral 135–40
ill-treatment during imprisonment 118–20, 133, 225, 233
ill-treatment of Isabella (1308) 47–8
illegitimate child of 35
imprisonment of 107–8, 114–21, 123, 125–6
influenced by de Spencer 65, 74, 75, 78
Kent conspiracy and 146–53
knighted 32
letter to Charles IV 97–8
loses support 89–91, 91–2
marriage to Isabella 19, 43–4, 94
physical appearance of 35
popularity in Wales 219
pursued by Isabella 92–3
relationship with barons 36, 39, 46–7, 51–3, 59, 67–8
relationship with father (Edward I) 26–30
relationship with Isabella 54, 60, 63, 78–9, 82–3, 88, 94–9, 101–2
relationship with Piers Gaveston 25, 27, 28, 33, 36–9, 43, 44, 45–8, 65, 98
rumoured still alive 184–215
Scottish campaign of 25–6, 30, 50, 51
seeks divorce 88
sexuality of 37, 98
strategic ability of 70, 72
support for (after imprisonment) 114
surrenders to Henry of Lancaster 94
and Templar Order 41–2, 43, 55
tomb of 35, 140–1, 169–70
visits France (1313) 55–6
Edward III, King
birth of 54–5
blackmailed by Fieschi 210–15
claim to French throne 175
correspondence with Pope John XXII 149, 150, 157–8
crowned (1327) 112
diplomatic ability of 156–8
doubts about father’s death 215
during minority 172
goes to France (1325) 82
increase in power of 158
marries Philippa of Hainault 141–2
and Mortimer 155–6, 158–62
peace treaty with Scotland (1328) 142
policy towards foreign clerics 210
pursues Gurney 166–9, 196, 232–3
relationship with Isabella 143–4, 158, 159, 171, 172, 177
Eland, Robert 160
Eleanor of Aquitaine 22
Eleanor of Castile (Edward II’s mother) 23, 30–1
Eleanor (Edward and Isabella’s daughter) 62, 120, 175
Eltham, John of (Edward and Isabella’s son) 11, 60, 109, 120, 175, 179
English Church 6–7
Falaise, John 49
Felton, John 93
Ferre, Sir Guy 23
Fieschi, Carlo 189
Fieschi, Manuel 185–9, 192–215, 231–2
Flanders war (1302) 17
Folvill gang 81
Foriz, Gregory 125
Froissart, John 113, 142
Gascelyn, Edmund 115
Gascony, Duchy of 8–9, 12–14, 79, 80, 146, 191
Gaveston, Piers
burial of 56–7
daughter of 37, 50
execution (1312) 53, 69
made Earl of Cornwall 39
made Regent in Ireland 48
marries 37, 39
opposed by Philip IV 47–8, 49
relationship with Edward II 25, 27, 28, 33, 36–9, 43, 44, 45–8, 65, 98
relationship with Isabella 50, 94–5
Germain, Alexandre 189
Giles of Spain 166–7
Gilles, Archbishop of Narbonne 18
Gisors, John de 86
Gloucester Cathedral 134, 135, 138–9, 140, 169
tomb of Edward II at 35, 140–1, 169–70
Got, Bertrand de see Clement V, Pope
government see Parliament
Gravesend, Stephen 147, 226, 227, 228
Grey, Thomas de 76–7
Griffith, Howel Ap 127, 219
Gurney, Thomas
after escape of Edward II 221, 225
favoured by Isabella 134
is custodian of Edward II 117
named as assassin of Edward II 129, 165
on plaque at Melazzo de Acqui 190
pursued by Edward III 166–9, 196, 230, 232–3
reports death of Edward II 133–4
warrant for arrest of 163, 164
Hainault, John of 109
Hainault, Philippa of 141–2, 146
Hainault, William Count of 89
Harclay, Andrew 72, 73, 76
Hastings, Isabella 80
Hastings, John de 145
Haye, Thomas 115
Henry II, King 22
Hereford, Earl of 36, 72–3
Hert, Walter 176
Hethe, Hamo de 99, 114
Higden 129, 131
Hinkley, John 87
Holcott, Robert 172
Howell, Robert 146
Hull, William 115
Ingham, Oliver 158
Isabella, Queen
anger at Earl of Kent 153, 228–9
arranges Edward II’s funeral 136–7, 138–9
arranges Gascony truce 81
arrives in England (1308) 44–5
betrothed to Edward 13, 15–16, 18
character of 20, 52, 83, 102–3
childhood of 16–17
children of 35, 54, 60, 62, 67, 80, 95, 109, 120, 133, 142, 175
at coronation of Edward III 112–13
coronation of 45–6
correspondence with Edward II 77, 78, 81, 83, 96–7
death of 178
disapproved of by Pope John XXII 145, 150, 155, 157
dresses as widow 82–3, 111, 135, 140
at execution of de Spencer 106
and Fieschi 207–9, 211
in France (1325–1326) 81–5, 88–90
funeral of 178–9
given Great Seal 71
greed of 113
at Hainault 89
health 56, 57
ill-treatment by Edward (1308) 47–8
increase in power of 48–50, 62
invades England (1326) 90–1
love of music 176
madness of 173–4
marriage to Edward 19, 43–4, 94
nearly captured by Scots 62–4, 76–8
opposes Lancaster 61–2
parents 11–12, 14, 16
physical appearance of 11
piety of 175–6
possible pregnancy by Mortimer 145, 156
pursues Edward 92–3
relationship with de Spencer the Younger 66, 75–80, 83, 95–6, 99, 100–2
relationship with Edward II 54, 60, 63, 78–9, 82�
��3, 88, 94–9, 101–2
relationship with Edward III 143–4, 158, 159, 171, 172, 177
relationship with Gaveston 50, 94–5
relationship with Mortimer of Wigmore 84–5, 87–8, 102
role after death of Mortimer 171–2, 173–8
role in civil war (1321) 72
sets up government in Paris 83
and silken purses scandal 57, 58–9
support from Pope John XXII 88–9
tomb of 179
under house arrest 162, 171, 173–4
visits France (1313) 55–6
visits France (1314) 57
withdraws from court 142–3
Johanna (Edward and Isabella’s daughter) 67, 120, 142, 175, 177
John of Eltham (Edward and Isabella’s son) 11, 60, 109, 120, 175, 179
John of Nottingham 80–1
John XXII, Pope
against de Spencer 81
correspondence with Edward III 149, 150, 157–8
disapproves of Isabella and Mortimer 145, 150, 155, 157
on Edward II’s funeral 149–50, 225
in Fieschi story 190, 204, 231
and Kent conspiracy 147, 148, 149–50, 209, 226, 229, 231
supports Isabella 88–9
Kedyngton 48
Kenilworth, Edward II held at 114–15, 118
Kent, Edmund Earl of
conspiracy 146–53, 163, 202, 226–30
in Fieschi’s letter 202
in Isabella’s Paris government 83
military role of 71, 80
Kingsclere, William of 167
Knighton 21
Knight’s Tale, The (Chaucer) 20
La Tour Landry 20–1
Lancaster, Alice 75
Lancaster, Henry Earl of
against Isabella and Mortimer 143, 144, 159, 161–2
captures Edward II 93
claim to throne 112
connection with Dunheved gang 125
holds Edward II in custody 107
joins Isabella’s invasion 90
receives Great Seal 108
sympathy for Edward II 109, 115
tries de Spencer 106
Lancaster, Thomas Earl of 36, 49, 50, 51, 53, 59, 60, 61–2
accused of treachery 63
against Hugh de Spencer the Elder 65
against Hugh de Spencer the Younger 70
demands exile of de Spencers 67
execution of 72–3
ignored by Edward II 36
opposed by Isabella 61–2
opposes Edward II 49, 50, 51, 59
opposes Gaveston 53
seizes power after Bannockburn 60
Lancastrians
marginalization of 143
persecution of 74, 144
Lanercost Chronicle 135
Langton, Walter 28, 29, 30, 40, 48
Launge, Jean 54, 80
Lawrence, Master 176, 178
Leeds Castle, seizure of 69, 70–1
Leygrave, Alice 23
London
expansion of 4
rebellion in (1326) 108–9
Louis, Count of Evreux 25, 28, 45, 54
Louis XVI, King 58
Lyman, Thomas W. 191
Maltravers, Agnes 166
Maltravers, Sir John 115, 116–17, 129, 138, 152, 163, 164, 165, 166, 201
Margaret, Queen 13, 15, 17, 25, 47, 48–9, 62
Marie Antoinette 58
Martin, John 166
Mathilda, Empress 22
Meaux Chronicle 37, 131
Melazzo de Acqui (castle) 190
Melton, William 114, 142, 147, 150–1, 226–7, 227–8
millennium, medieval view of 1
Molay, Jacques de 41, 55, 57–8, 175
Monmouth, Richard 161
Montague, William 157, 159–61
Mortimer of Chirk, Roger 75
in Wales 7, 65, 70, 72, 85–6
Mortimer, Margaret 88
Mortimer, Mathilda 30–1
Mortimer, Roger Third Earl of March 145, 177
Mortimer of Wigmore, Roger
bribes Fieschi 207–9
captured at Nottingham Castle 160–1
claim on kingdom 112
created Earl of March 144
on deposition of Edward II 110
Edward II against 72
and Edward III 155–6, 158–62
escapes from Tower 86–7
execution of 163
increase in power of 144–6, 156
invades England (1326) 90–1
and Kent conspiracy 228, 229–30
mourning dress of 140
and Pope John XXII 145, 150, 155, 157
power in Wales 7, 65, 70, 126, 128, 219–20
relationship with Isabella 84–5, 87–8, 102
relies on Isabella’s power 111
trial of 162
tries de Spencer 106
withdraws from court 142–3
Morton, John 115
Murimouth, Adam 117, 129, 131, 137, 158, 222
Neville, John 158
Nigra, Constantino 189
Norfolk, Earl of 90, 145, 175, 194
Nottingham Castle 159, 160–1
Ockle, William
after escape of Edward II 220, 221, 225
favoured by Isabella 134
and Fieschi letter 196
flees after death of Edward II 163, 166
named as assassin of Edward II 129, 165
possible ‘William the Welshman’ 213–14
warrant for arrest of 163, 164
Orleton, Adam 86, 91, 110, 114, 130, 157
Oxford University 5, 91
Paris, Matthew 130
Parliament
deposes Edward II 109–12
development of 5–6, 180
Pembroke, Agnes 177
Pembroke, Earl of 70, 71
Pessagno 57
Philip IV, King of France (Isabella’s father) 9
attacks Templar Order 19, 41, 55, 57–8, 59
death of 58
foreign strategy of 12, 14
at Isabella’s wedding 44
mediates in England (1312) 53–6
opposes Gaveston 47–8, 49
wants marriage with Edward 14–16, 18, 42
pilgrimages, medieval 2, 25, 50, 170
Polychronicon 129, 131
Pretender, the 60–1
Rawnsley, H. D. 190
Reading, John of 129
Reading, Simon of 94, 106
Reynolds, Walter 40, 57, 64, 70, 76, 92, 103, 111
Rhymer, Richard 24
Richard II, King 169–70, 180, 183
Richmond, Earl of 70, 71, 76, 83
Robert the Bruce see Bruce, Robert
Rosseleti, Ralph de 47
Rosslyn, Thomas 149
Russell, William 115
St Alberto of Butrio (monastery) 190–2
Sapy, Robert 89
Savage, Edmund 146, 151–2
Scotland
Edward I’s campaign against 7–8, 19–20, 25, 26, 27, 32–3, 40, 50, 51, 59, 60
Edward II’s campaign against 32–3, 40, 50, 51, 59, 60, 76, 121
forces attack northern England 62–3
Isabella and Mortimer’s campaign against 121
peace treaty (1328) 141, 142, 149
Shalford, William 126–8, 220
Smyth of Nibley 222
Somerton, William 66–7, 87
Sparpaglione, Dominicoe 192
Spencer, de (family) 113
Spencer, Eleanor de 80, 101
Spencer, Hugh de (the Elder) 7, 54, 65, 67, 72, 82, 92–3
Spencer, Hugh de (the Younger)
against barons 70, 72, 74, 82
alienates the Lords Spiritual 86
becomes new favourite 65–8
bribes French Court 88
execution of 105–6
influence over Edward II 65, 74, 75, 78
knighted (1306) 85
loses s
upport 89–91
Orleton on 91
and Pope John XXII 81
price on head of 92
relationship with Isabella 66, 75–80, 83, 95–6, 99, 100–2
treatment of women 75
trial of 74, 106
in Wales 7, 85, 94
Spicer, John de 167
Stapleton, Walter 82, 84, 86, 88, 92
Stefano, Zerba 192
Stone of Scone 143–4
Stratford, John 110, 111, 210
Strickland, Agnes 173
Stubbs, William 189
Sully, Henry de 77
Surrey, Earl of 36, 71
Swynbroke 110, 118–19, 129, 130, 131, 156, 160, 167, 197
Swynnerton, Roger 76
Tanquerery 122
Taunton, Robert 149, 150, 227
Templar Order
attacked by Philip IV 19, 41, 55, 57–8, 59
Edward II and 41–2, 43, 55
Theobald (Isabella’s doctor) 80
Thomas of Brotherton 71
Thomason, Nicholas 178
Three Kings at Cologne (shrine) 205
Tilley, John 167
Tour de Nesle scandal 89
Tout, T. F. 23, 127, 189
Treaty of Paris (1259) 13
Trevisa, John 129
Trussel, William 112
Turin Museum of Art 191
Turplington, Sir Hugh 161
Tweng, Sir William 167, 168
Ufford, Robert 158
Urban V, Pope 189
Valence, Agnes de 28
Valence, Aymer de 36, 52–3
Valois, Charles de 84, 87, 147
Vescy, de (family) 89
Vescy, Isabella de 49, 61
Vita Edwardi Secundi 37
Wales
conquered by Edward I 7
de Spencer in 7, 85, 94
Edward II flees to (1326) 91, 92, 93
Edward II’s popularity in 219
Mortimer’s power in 7, 65, 70, 126, 128, 219–20
Wallace, William 8
Walsingham 167, 219
Walwayn, John 122, 125, 149, 209, 217–18, 229
Ward, Simon 72, 73
Warwick, Earl of 36
Westminster Abbey, statue of Isabella 179
Wife of Bath’s Tale (Chaucer) 21–2
William of Nogaret 12
‘William the Welshman’ 213–14, 233–4
Wisham, John 158
Wishart, Archbishop 8
women, medieval view of 20–2
Wyville, Robert 158