183 Charles M. Blow, “For Jobs, It’s War,” New York Times, September 27, 2011.
184 “Don’t Take Peaceful Approach for Granted,” Global Times, October 25, 2011, www.globaltimes.cn/NEWS/tabid/99/ID/680694/Dont-take-peaceful-approach-for-granted.aspx.
185 Hillary Clinton, “America’s Pacific Century,” Foreign Policy, November 2011, www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/10/11/americas_pacific_century?page=full.
186 Matthew Franklin, “Obama Pledges Leadership,” Australian, November 18, 2011; Peter Harcher, “Toothless Among Asian Tigers,” Sydney Morning Herald, July 21, 2012.
187 “Philippines Launches Its Most Modern Warship,” Nation (Thailand), December 15, 2011.
188 Bill Gertz, “Military to Bolster Its Forces in Pacific,” Washington Times, February 18, 2011.
189 Celia W. Dugger, “U.S. Envoy Extols India, Accepting Its Atom Status,” New York Times, September 7, 2001; “A Bad Deal,” New York Times, September 9, 2008; Peter Baker, “Senate Approves Indian Nuclear Deal,” New York Times, October 2, 2008.
190 Plenary Session of the U.S.-India Strategic Dialogue, June 3, 2010, www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2010/06/142623.htm.
191 “Arms Race Growing in Asia,” Toronto Star, December 3, 2011.
192 Jim Yardley, “Malnutrition Widespread in Indian Children, Report Finds,” New York Times, January 10, 2012.
193 Frank Ching, “China-US Power Play That Confuses Audiences,” New Straits Times (Malaysia), September 29, 2011.
194 Paul McLeary, “Securing the Western Pacific,” Defense Technology International, June 1, 2010.
195 Greg Torode, “Beijing Wary as New US Military Strategy Emerges,” South China Morning Post, April 25, 2011.
196 “Hu Tells Navy to Prepare to Fight,” Hobart Mercury (Australia), December 8, 2011.
197 Greg Jaffe, “U.S. Model for a Future War Fans Tensions with China and Inside Pentagon,” Washington Post, August 1, 2012.
198 Jane Perlez, “Clinton Makes Effort to Rechannel the Rivalry with China,” New York Times, July 7, 2012.
199 Christopher Hellman, “The Real U.S. National Security Budget,” March 1, 2011, www.tomdispatch.com/post/175361/tomgram%3A_chris_hellman%2C_%241.2_trillion_for_national_security/.
200 Eric Margolis, “Obama the President Is Fighting Battles His Country Cannot Afford,” Toronto Sun, February 7, 2010, www.torontosun.com/comment/columnists/eric_margolis/2010/02/05/12758511-qmi.html; Lawrence Wittner, “How Much Is Enough? America’s Runaway Military Spending,” August 23, 2010, www.huffingtonpost.com/lawrence-wittner/how-much-is-enough-americ_b_683600.html.
201 William Wan, “Panetta, in Speech in Singapore, Seeks to Lend Heft to U.S. Pivot to Asia,” Washington Post, June 1, 2012; Leon E. Panetta, Speech to Shangri-La Security Dialogue, June 2, 2012, www.defense.gov/Speeches/Speech.aspx?SpeechID=1681.
202 Jane Perlez, “Panetta Outlines New Weaponry for Pacific,” New York Times, June 2, 2012.
203 Harcher, “Toothless Among Asian Tigers.”
204 Greg Jaffe, “Obama Announces New, Leaner Military Approach,” Washington Post, January 5, 2012.
205 Amanda Andrews, “America Is in Urgent Need of Its Own ‘Perestroika,’ Says Gorbachev,” Telegraph (London), March 12, 2009, www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/g20-summit/4980262/America-is-in-urgent-need-of-its-own-peristrokia-says-Gorbachev.html; Anton Fedyashin, “Gorbachev’s Great Expectations,” Washington Post, April 13, 2009.
206 “Rising Share of Americans See Conflict Between Rich and Poor,” Pew Research Center Publications, January 11, 2012, pewresearch.org/pubs/2167/rich-poor-social-conflict-class.
207 Binyamin Appelbaum, “Family Net Worth Drops to Level of Early ’90s, Fed Says,” New York Times, June 11, 2012; Joseph E. Stiglitz, “The 1 Percent’s Problem,” Vanity Fair, May 31, 2012, www.vanityfair.com/politics/2012/05/joseph-stiglitz-the-price-on-inequality.
208 Turley, “Ten Reasons We’re No Longer the Land of the Free.”
INDEX
Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations.
Abdullah II, King of Jordan, 601
Abraham Lincoln Brigade, 84, 85
Abrams, Creighton, 368
Abrams, Elliott, 425, 430, 433, 458, 471, 472–73, 490, 524, 685n
Abu Ghraib detention center, 510
Acheson, Dean, 122, 179, 180, 188, 196–97, 206, 207, 213, 217, 230–31, 236, 237, 238, 240, 244, 247, 259, 293, 297, 308, 341, 383
Acheson-Lilienthal Report, 196–97
ACLU, 561, 575
Adam Opel, 78–79
Adams, John Quincy, xii–xiii, 391
Addams, Jane, xxii, 6
Adelman, Kenneth, 451, 491, 524
Aden, 217
aerial warfare, 23–24, 25, 157–59, 215
Afghanistan, 287, 388, 392, 425, 450, 460, 463, 486, 502, 507, 523, 528, 529, 565, 569
civilian casualties in, 507, 549, 577, 581–82, 600
construction projects in, 584, 592
drones in, 572, 574–75
drug trade in, 582, 583–84, 594, 596
on global corruption index, 507, 533, 583
invasion of, 562
Islamist factions in, 486–90
Obama and, 551, 568, 569–72, 574, 577–92, 594, 597, 600, 612–13
prisoners in, 511, 561
Soviets and, 408, 412–16, 446, 459–61, 464, 466, 467–68, 488, 506, 529, 535, 536, 571, 579, 581, 589, 613
Taliban in, 486–90, 501, 503, 506–7, 534, 535, 571, 580, 581, 583–84, 588–89, 591, 594, 597
troop withdrawals and, 587–88, 591–92, 606, 612, 613
2009 presidential election of, 585
U.S. invasion of, xv, xvi, 506–7, 513, 551
women in, 488, 489, 579, 580
Afghan National Army (ANA), 587–89, 591
Afghan National Police (ALP), 594, 595
Africa, 204, 206, 360, 406, 425, 468, 469, 484, 519, 599, 605
European colonialism in, xvii, 31–32, 112, 124, 194, 316
German imperialism in, 4, 31–32
Soviets in, 406–8
African Americans, 357, 484, 493, 551
civil rights movement and, 233–34
Depression’s impact on, 59, 59
in National Guard by, 523
urban riots and, 337–38
Agency for International Development (AID), 375, 529–30
Agnew, Spiro, 390
Agricultural Adjustment Administration, 48, 49, 66
Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud, 533–34, 576
Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), 438, 484
Air Force, U.S. (USAF), 213, 215, 227, 574–75, 609–10
Air Force Academy, U.S., 610
AirSea Battle Concept, 609
air travel, long-distance, 189
Akhromeyev, Sergei, 450, 451
Akiba, Tadatoshi, 539
Alabama, 47, 346, 523
Alabama National Guard, 292
Alamogordo, N.M., 162
Alaska, xvi, xvii
Albright, Madeleine, 491–92
Alexander, Grover Cleveland, 422
Algeria, 304, 468, 613
Al-Jazeera, xv
Allen, Richard, 447, 491
Allende, Salvador, 372–78, 375
Alliance for Progress, 343, 345
Allied Control Commission, 219
Allies, 4–5, 22, 28–29, 31, 33, 38, 68, 73–74, 76, 82, 94, 111, 128, 138, 144, 149, 172, 214
Munich capitulation of, 88, 96
racism of, 32
victories of, 18, 178
All Quiet on the Western Front, 42
Al-Qaeda, 472, 488, 497–98, 507, 509–10, 514, 528–29, 544, 561, 566, 573, 575, 577, 578, 586–87, 600
attempts to tie Iraq to, 502–3, 519, 520, 532
9/11 attacks by, 500–502, 503, 506, 590, 598
1998 embassy bombings of, 490
Alsop, Joseph, 279
Alusi, Mithal al-, 534
Alvarez, Ernest, 229
Ambrose, St
ephen, 164, 268
America, 300–301, 302
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 59–60, 364–65
American Century, xi, 3, 101, 181
American Chemical Society (ACS), 25–26
American Constitutional Society, 561
American Empire, xi, xviii, 253, 392, 429, 503, 532, 549, 568, 612–13, 614–15
decline of, 569
see also United States, imperialism of
American Enterprise Institute, 399, 543, 547
American exceptionalism, myth of, xiv–xvi
American Expeditionary Forces (AEF), 17, 18
American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC), 518, 601
American Labor party, 62
American Legion, 52, 64, 68
American Liberty League, 63–64
American Medical Association (AMA), 62
American Revolution, 2, 5, 101
American Task Force on Palestine, 600
American University, 387, 409–10
Experiment Station at, 20–21
J. F. Kennedy’s commencement address at, 314, 316–18, 317, 447
Ames, J. S., 21
Amin, Hafizullah, 412–14
Amin, Hossam Mohammed, 517
Amnesty International, 429, 489, 500
Anaconda Copper, 372, 376
Anami, Korechika, 147, 173
anarchists, xx, xxviii, 35
Anderson, Jack, 376
Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, 258–59
Angoff, Charles, 10
Angola, 408, 463, 521
Cuban troops in, 467
Antarctica, 543
anti-ballistic missile (ABM) systems, 383
treaty on, 449, 451–52, 496, 537, 540
anti-communism, anti-Communists, 224, 231–35, 247, 252, 254, 263, 269, 287, 290, 326, 344, 353, 395, 402, 424, 429, 434, 462, 467
Anti-Imperialist League, xxii
antinuclear movement, 233–34, 280–82, 313–14
anti-Semitism, 89, 474, 493
Nazi, 77–80, 544
of Truman, 141
U.S., 52–53, 63, 78–80
antitrust laws, 50
antiwar protests, 479, 511–12
for Iraq war, 524, 525
Vietnam and, 335, 336, 338, 340–41, 341, 357, 364, 369–70, 371, 384–85
Arab Americans, in the wake of 9/11, 504
Arab-Israeli conflict, 391, 512
Arab-Israeli War of 1973, 392
Arab League, 217, 526, 531
Arab nationalism, 416
Arabs, 216–19, 257, 304, 392, 460, 474–75, 477, 478, 524
cultural sensitivities of, 510
media stereotyping of, 544
Arab Spring, 563, 599–600, 613
Arafat, Yasir, 463, 522
Aramco, 219, 258
Árbenz Guzmán, Jacobo, 261–65, 264
Argentina, 124, 378, 424, 604
Aristide, Jean-Bertrand, 391
Arizona, 6, 154
Arkansas, 154
Arkhipov, Vasili, 309
Arkin, William, 564–65
Armageddon, 441–42
Armenia, 32
Armey, Richard, 484, 524
Armitage, Richard, 491, 535, 685n
arms control, 466
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA), 383–84, 397, 404, 451
arms sales, 68, 439, 459
by U.S., 490, 544, 600, 607–9
Army, U.S., 68, 79, 96, 215, 228, 254
in strikebreaking, xix
volunteer, 505
Army Air Forces, U.S., 105
Arnold, Henry “Hap,” 105, 157, 159, 177
Ashcroft, John, 498, 505, 511, 524, 560
Asia, 31, 45, 204, 222, 237, 241, 360, 508, 599, 605, 610
communism in, 249, 266, 281, 294, 304–5, 315
increased U.S. involvement in, 566, 605–12
Soviets and, 188, 257
World War II in, 182
Assad, Bashar al-, 507, 526
Assange, Julian, 562–63
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), 607, 610
Atlantic Charter, 98, 99, 102–3, 464
Atlantic Monthly, 151
atomic bomb, see nuclear weapons
Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), 229, 255–56, 270–72, 285, 300
peaceful uses and, 282–84
Project Plowshare of, 283–84
Atta, Mohamed, 514
Attlee, Clement, 237, 241, 259
“August Sixth” (Toge), 169–70
Auschwitz, 79, 127
Australia, 32, 350, 563, 607, 609, 612
Australian Strategic Policy Institute, 612
Austria, 3, 23, 157, 287
casualties of, 87
German annexation of, 79, 88, 265
Austria-Hungary, 4, 5, 31
Awlaki, Anwar al-, 575
Axis Powers, 87–88, 89, 90, 102, 105
Azores, 205
B-29 bombers, 200, 220, 240
B-36 bombs, 200, 250, 286
B-52 bombers, 338–39
Baghdad, 522
Bahrain, 217, 600, 613
Bailey, Charles, 322–23
bailouts, 552–54
Bainbridge, Kenneth, 162
Baker, James A., III, 425, 456, 466, 468, 470–71, 482, 493, 494, 516
Baker, Newton, 17, 73
Baku, 28, 190
Baldwin, Hanson, 256
Balfour, Arthur James, 32, 216
Balfour Declaration, 216
Balkans, spheres of influence in, 114, 209
Balkan states, 188, 239, 468
Ball, George, 329, 334, 350
ballistic missiles, 450, 452
Baltic states, 28, 88, 102, 111
Baltimore Sun, 398, 563
bankers, 44, 48, 64, 65, 73, 122, 557–58
bank failures, 48, 49
bank holidays, 47, 49
banking, 45
Glass-Steagall and reform of, 50, 61
Bank of England, 259
banks, 560
bailout of, 552–54
crisis with, 47–49
runs on, 47, 49
“too big to fail,” 556
Bank voor Handel en Scheepvaart NV, 81
Bao Dai, emperor of Vietnam, 246, 268–70
Barak, Ehud, 602
Barbour, W. Warren, 65, 77
Barnes, Tracy, 263, 266
Baruch, Bernard, 36, 50, 69, 72, 196–97, 198, 202–3, 207, 253
Basic National Security Policy, NSC 162/2, 254
Batista, Fulgencio, 279, 321
Battle of Britain, 89
Battle of Stalingrad, 448
Battle of the Bulge, 114
Bay of Pigs, 266, 291–96, 293, 320, 322–23
BBC, 545
Beard, Charles, 8, 11–12, 71
Bearden, Milton, 506–7
Beaverbrook, Lord, 285
Beirut, 455
Belarus, 538
Belgium, 23, 25, 54, 89, 114, 123, 271, 279, 389
imperialism of, xvii
Bellamy, Edward, xxi, xxi, 56
Ben Hur Motor Company, 21
Bennett, William, 490
Beria, Lavrenti, 164
Berlin, 114, 157, 161, 162, 219, 295–300, 308
blockade of, 219–20, 222, 414
Berlin, East, 468–69
Berlin, West, 210, 220, 296, 298, 299, 468
Berlin Wall, 298–99, 322
fall of, 421, 468–69, 471
Bertelsmann Stiftung Foundation, 555–56
Betancur Cuartas, Belisario, 428
Bethe, Hans, 134
Bethesda Naval Hospital, 224–26, 456
Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation, 70–71
Bethlehem Steel Corporation, xxviii, 70–71
Beveridge, Albert, xxiv–xxv, xxvii
Biddle, Francis, 152
Biden, Joseph, 483, 520, 573, 578, 586
Bien
Hoa Air Base, 361
Bill of Rights, 13
Bilmes, Linda, 533, 590
bin Laden, Osama, 460, 488, 498, 506, 528, 536
death of, 592, 593
9/11 and, 498, 501–2, 507, 514, 528, 530, 586, 590
biological weapons, 205, 518
in Iraq, 440, 516, 517
Bissell, Richard, 266, 292, 295, 348
Black Friday of 1893, xxii
Blair, Dennis, 567, 577
Blair, Tony, 491, 516, 521
Blix, Hans, 517
Blumenthal, Michael, 403
Boas, Franz, 92
Boehner, John, 568
Boggs, Hale, 323
Bohlen, Charles “Chip,” 207, 231
Boland Amendment of 1982, 456–57
Bolívar, Simon, 603
Bolivarian Alliance of the Americas (ALBA), 604
Bolivia, 101, 378, 429, 604
Bolton, John, 491, 519, 522, 524, 685n
Bone, Homer, 65, 70–71, 77
Bonesteel, Charles “Tick,” 162
Bonner, Raymond, 432–33
Boot, Max, xv–xvi, 503, 549
Borah, William, 30, 35–36, 55–56, 65
Bosch, Juan, 345–47
Bosnia, xvi, 468
Boston, Mass., 242
police strike in, 34
Boston Globe, 78, 254, 365, 385, 429
Bowles, Chester, 291, 293–94, 334
Bradlee, Ben, 294
Bradley, Omar, 164, 180, 240, 244
Braun, Eva, 125
Brazil, 343–45, 345, 372, 378, 429, 484, 604
Brecht, Bertolt, 212
Bremer, L. Paul, 529–30
Bretton Woods N.H., 111–12
Brewster, Owen, 192, 241
Breyer, Stephen, 494
Brezhnev, Leonid, 349, 379, 382, 413–15, 418
Brinkley, David, 477