Climategate, 41
climate justice, see climate debt
climate manipulation, see geoengineering
climate movement:
coming of age of, 11–12
deregulated capitalism and, 20
economic justice and, see climate debt
growing power and interconnectedness of, 451–52
historical precedents for, 452–57, 459–61
Keystone XL protests and resurgence of, 139–40
lack of sustained and populist, 157
moral imperative in, 336, 386–87, 464
and need for viable economic alternatives to extraction industries, 349, 398, 399, 400–401, 403, 413–18
origins of, 73–75
see also Blockadia
climate science, 46, 59, 127, 152, 158
climate treaty negotiations, 11, 77–80, 411
see also emission reduction
Clinton, Bill, 83–85, 213, 231–32
Clinton administration, carbon trading proposed by, 218
Clinton Global Initiative annual meeting of 2006, 231
Clodumar, Kinza, 165
Clorox, 356, 357
cloud brightening, 258
cloud seeding, 279
Club of Rome, 185–86
CNN, 45
Coal & Climate Summit, 200
coal, 102, 128, 143, 159, 176, 214, 224
capitalism and, 175, 176
collapsing U.S. market for, 319–20
exporting of, 144n, 301, 320, 322, 349, 352, 362, 374, 376
lignite, 136
as “portable climate,” 174
rail transport of, 234, 362, 389, 397
water power vs., 171–73
coal-fired power plants, 3, 67–68, 81–82, 83, 97, 136–39, 141, 200, 208, 236, 247–48
global campaign against, 319–20, 348–49, 350–52, 365
public utilities and, 100, 196
coal industry, 197, 300–301
opposition to, see anti-coal movements
political and economic power of, 316, 321
see also extractive industries
coal mining, 145, 398
in Appalachia, 309, 353
in Montana, 320, 342–43, 346, 370, 388–93, 395, 397, 445
mountaintop removal in, 2, 303, 309, 310, 329, 353
water supply contamination from, 332
coal-powered economies, 88
Coates, Ta-Nehisi, 415
Cobenais, Marty, 318–19, 332
Cochabamba, Bolivia, 444n
Cohen, Nick, 156
Cold War, 15, 42, 43, 74, 261
collective action, 36
collective sacrifice, 16–17
colleges and universities:
divestment movement and, 354–55, 401
renewable energy investment by, 401–2
Colombia, 202, 348, 376–77
colonialism, 154, 370, 414–16
coal and, 173, 176
extractivism and, 169–70
Industrial Revolution and, 171, 175, 457
Scientific Revolution and, 170–71
Colorado, 52, 357n
Colorado School of Public Health, 428
Combes, Maxime, 304n, 317–18
Committee for a Constructive Tomorrow, 45
Common Sense (Paine), 314
communism, 20, 39, 42, 44, 177
communities, 106
building of, 92
climate change and, 364–65
renewable energy in, 131–32, 133
see also worldview, communitarian
Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) programs, 405
compassion, 62–63, 462
Competitive Enterprise Institute, 32, 45, 411
complexity, 267, 290
composting systems, 108
computer models, of climate change, 270–71
Conant, Lionel, 380
Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation, 319
Conference Board of Canada, 145
Congo, 220
ConocoPhillips, 226, 227–28, 246
Conservation Fund, 196, 205
Conservation International, 84, 189, 196, 205–6, 209, 211–12
Conservative Party (Canadian), 36
Constitution, Canadian, 371
construction, green, 90
consumer lifestyles, 2, 75, 116–17
consumption, 116
decrease in, 90
excess, 85, 91, 92, 93, 210, 412, 413
green, 211–13, 252
container ships, 76, 79
Conway, Erik, 42
Cook, James, 266
Cook, Katsi, 419
coolants, 219–20
“Cool Dudes” (McCright and Dunlap), 46–47
Coon, David, 374
co-ops:
energy, 130, 131–32
worker-run, 122–23, 133
Coos Bay, Oreg., 349
copper, 91n, 296
coral, coral reefs, 301, 348, 434
Corexit, 432
Cornell University, 143, 217, 317
corn ethanol, 239, 240
corporate donors, 83, 210n
corporations, 25
centralization under, 179
crisis exploited by, 8
democracy vs., 7
deregulation of, 19, 20, 72, 142, 154, 210
disaster prevention at, 51–52
environmental groups’ cooperation with, 196, 206–11
freedom from regulation for, 19
free speech for, 151
goals of private, 129–30
ideology of, 75
impact of climate change on, 49
Indigenous peoples vs., 221–23
natural world vs., 60–61
political power of, 199, 124–26, 141–52
right-wing think tanks funded by, 44, 50
taxes avoided by, 115
USCAP and, 226–28
Correa, Rafael, 180–81, 410–11
corruption, of government regulators, 333–34
Cosbey, Aaron, 70
Costa Rica, 348
Coste, Torrance, 363
“Cowboys and Indians alliance,” 302, 318–19, 322–23, 346
crash of 1929, 88
Crawford, Julia Trigg, 361
Crompton, Tom, 60
crops, 9, 34, 57
crowdfunding, 198
Crow Reservation, 389, 397
Crutzen, Paul, 261–62
Cuadrilla, 130
cultural cognition, 36, 44–45, 59, 63, 186
Culture of Narcissism (Lasch), 117
Czechoslovakia, 178
Czech Republic, 42–43, 144, 348
Dai, Aiguo, 272, 275
Daily Mail, 5454
Dallas, Tex., 329
Daly, Herman, 173
dams, 180, 183, 202
Daniel, Patrick, 331–32
dark money, 44
Darling, Jay Norwood “Ding,” 185
Dauphin Island Sea Lab, 433–34
David, Ned, 247
Davis, David Brion, 463
Dayaneni, Gopal, 448
Day One, 391
DDT, 185, 201, 203, 207
de Boer, Yvo, 87
decade zero, 24, 143
Dediu, Doina, 344
deep ecology, 75
deepwater drilling, see offshore drilling, deepwater
Defense Department, U.S., 113
deforestation, 202
degrowth strategies:
selective, 93–95
for wealthy nations, 88, 89
Delaware River Basin, 346
Delgamuukw v. British Columbia, 371
Delingpole, James, 42
Delucchi, Mark A., 101
democracy:
Blockadia and, 361, 380
climate change as crisis in, 363–64
corporations vs., 7
free trade agreements as thr
eat to, 358–60
Democratic party, 35, 83, 141, 153, 234
climate change accepted by majority in, 35–36
climate change deniers in, 46
Demos, 216
Denmark, renewable energy in, 70, 131–32, 138, 179, 398
deregulation, 8, 19, 20, 72, 142, 154, 210
Derham, William, 171
derivatives market, weather, 8–9
De Schutter, Olivier, 134–35
“Design to Win: Philanthropy’s Role in the Fight Against Global Warming,” 199
Detroit, Mich., 154
developed world:
blame passed by, 82
capping of emissions from, 218
carbon emissions from, 40, 75, 79–80, 411
climate debt of, 387, 388–99, 408–18, 457
developing world, 75, 110, 180, 257
climate debt as excuse for pollution by, 412
climate debt owed to, 5, 7, 40, 387, 408–18
greenhouse gas emissions from, 79–80, 82, 409–10, 411, 412
green technologies for, 76, 85
and move to low-emissions economy, 417
poverty in, 40, 55, 88n, 179–82, 409, 416, 418
trade access to, 85
diabetes, 150, 161, 164
dirty energy, see extractive industries
disaster:
austerity and, 106–10
climate change and, 2–3, 17, 102–3, 154, 406, 465
infrastructure for, 51
as opportunities for change, 406–7, 465
profit and, 9, 109
public spending and, 106–10
response to, 103–6
disaster denialism, 51
diseases, 14, 176
dispersants, 325
Divest Harvard, 354
divestment movement, 206, 353–58, 365, 401, 402–3, 451
Dixson, Bob, 407
Doe, Aria, 106
dolphins, die-off of, 432–34, 436
Donahue, Bill, 326
Donohue, Thomas J., 31
Douglass, Frederick, 463
Dow Chemical, 226
Dowie, Mark, 83–84, 203
Downie, Ewan, 382
droughts, 9, 14, 107, 165, 440
Pinatubo Option and, 279
volcanic eruptions and, 272–73
Dubner, Stephen J., 262–63, 271–72
Duke Energy, 196, 226
Duke University, 328–29, 401
Dunlap, Riley, 35, 38, 46–47
DuPont, 226, 227
Dust Bowl, 64
Earth Day, 153, 206–7, 285
Earth First!, 206, 310
Earth Mother/Mother Earth concept, 419, 423–24, 443–44
earthquakes, fracking and, 329
East Bay Tea Party, 38
Eastern Bloc, 75
Eckersley, Robyn, 77
Eckhart, Michael T., 67
EcoEquity, 417–18
ecological amnesia, 3–4
Ecological Economics, 185–86
Ecological Economics (Daly and Farley), 173
economic disruption:
extractive industries and, 316, 386
minimizing of, 12
economic geologists, 46
economic growth, 21, 129–30, 186
atmospheric limits vs., 86–89
in capitalism, 89
climate change denial and, 3, 45–46, 59–60
corporate deregulation and, 19
dirty model of, 82
limits on, 185–86
orthodoxy of, 81, 94, 178
economic justice, 10, 59, 91, 94, 157
see also climate debt
economy:
climate action and, 21, 90, 124–26, 155, 252, 453
decentralized, 158
elite control over, 18
fracking and, 94
fossil fuel, 23, 45–46, 121, 173, 456
local, 7, 68–70, 71, 76, 85–86
planned, 94
post-growth, 178
resource-intensive, 21
wage and price controls in, 125
ecosystems:
fertility cycle of, 438–39, 446–48
loss of, 13
restoration of, 93, 127, 444
ectopic pregnancy, 425
Ecuador, 13, 180, 197, 220, 377
Chevron lawsuit of, 309, 378
climate debt and, 408–9
constitutional rights of nature in, 443–44
EDF Energy, 149
Edmonton, Canada, 302
Edwards, Murray, 281
“effervescence of rebellion,” 465
Egypt, 158
El Chichón eruption (1982), 274
Eldorado Gold, Skouries forest project of, 293–94, 296–98, 303, 314, 342, 347, 445
elections:
of 1992, 83
of 2008, 149
of 2012, 149
electricity grids, 90, 122, 133
electronic waste, 91
Ellis-Lamkins, Phaedra, 92
Elsipogtog First Nation, 299, 370, 373, 374
Elwha River, 374–75
Elysium, 59
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 174
emission credits, 219–20
emission reduction, 16, 18–19, 31, 55, 73, 79, 85, 88, 90, 108–9, 127, 144n, 146, 154, 157–58, 213, 218, 283, 355
failure of, 256, 276
historical responsibility vs. capacity to contribute to, 417–18
voluntary, 232
see also climate treaty negotiations
empathy, 46–54, 62–63
Enbridge:
Canadian Security Intelligence Service as lobbyist for, 362
Michigan pipeline rupture of, 331–32, 338
profit-over-safety culture of, 331, 333
see also Northern Gateway pipeline
Enbridge NB, 362
endocrine disruptors, 439
energy, public ownership of, 7, 284
energy conservation, 116–18
Energy Department, U.S., 102, 214, 247, 282
energy efficiency, 127
energy nationalization, 130, 454
energy plants, “combined-cycle,” 129
Energy Policy, 101, 102
energy sources, zero-carbon, 18
EnergyWire, 332
Engelfried, Nick, 314
Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR), 247–48
Enlightenment, 159, 178
Environics, 36
Environment Agency (EA), U.K., 106–7
Environmental Action, 213
Environmental Coalition for NAFTA, 84
Environmental Defense Fund (EDF), 84, 191, 198, 201, 233n, 235–36, 257
carbon trading supported by, 218, 226–29
fracking supported by, 215–17, 235n, 355–56
pro-business makeover of, 207–10, 233
environmental impact assessments, 203
environmentalism:
acceptable risk and, 335
astronaut’s-eye view adopted by, 286–87, 296
command and control, 204
grassroots, 305–10; see also Big Green; Blockadia
Keystone pipeline and revival of, 303
top-down, failures of, 295
“environmentalism of the poor,” 202
environmental justice, 92, 155
see also climate debt
environmental movement, 157, 197
cap-and-trade and, 229
golden age of environmental law in, 201–4
green consumerism and, 211–13
insider strategy of, 203–4
NAFTA supported by, 83–85
political timidity in, 184–85, 186–87
privileged origins of, 183, 201, 211–12
pro-business ideology in, 207–11, 213
radicalism in, 183–86, 201–3, 206–7
in Reagan era and following, 203–11
schisms in, 206–7
singlemindedness of, 153
see also Big Green
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 48, 118, 227, 328
Northern Cheyenne and, 390, 393
Environmental Rights Action (Nigeria), 309
Environment Canada, 325, 326–37
ethane, 328
eucalyptus, 239
eugenics, taboo against, 278
Europe:
emissions from, 40, 411
program cuts in, 110
“squares movement” in, 464
wealth in, 114
European Community, environmental law in, 202
European Parliament, 91n, 114
European Transport Workers Federation, 127
European Union, 218
airline taxes considered by, 249
Emissions Trading System (ETS) of, 219, 225, 226
fuel quality standards of, 71, 248–49
renewable energy in, 138
U.S. oil and gas exports restriction and, 71
WTO challenges brought against, 65, 70
WTO challenges brought by, 68–69
executive pay, 111, 112
extinctions, 14
extractive industries, 79, 121, 133, 141, 181, 213
alienation of onetime friends by, 313
Big Green and, 191–201
billionaires’ investments in, 235–37
climate change deniers funded by, 44–45, 149
depletion of conventional reserves in, 310
divestment movement and, 206, 353–58, 365, 401, 402–3
donations to environmental groups by, 196–97, 215–16
early victories against, 348–53
ecologically and socially responsible, 447
as economic disrupters, 316, 386
economic and political power of, 149, 151, 377–80, 384–87, 400, 403, 461
emissions regulations blocked by, 200
extreme projects of, 295, 303, 304, 310, 311, 315–34, 446
free trade agreements and, 358–60
geoengineering and, 281–84
government collusion with, 297–99, 303, 306–7, 308, 360, 361–66, 378–80
grassroots opposition to, 305–10; see also Blockadia; climate movement
growth as measure of, 129–30
high risk in, 324–25, 331
Indigenous land rights and, see Indigenous peoples, land rights of
infrastructures of, 315–24
lawsuits against, 112, 309, 368, 371–72, 378–80, 384, 386
lax regulation of, 129, 330–31, 333
lobbying by, 149–50
local ecology ignored by, 295
nationalization of, 130, 454
new technologies developed by, 145–46, 253, 310
polluter pays principle and, 110–19, 202–3
profit-seeking imperative of, 111, 126, 129, 148, 253, 330–31
progress blocked by, 110–11, 149
publicly owned, 130
public mistrust of, 330, 332, 333, 334
reserve-replacement ratio of, 146–47
sacrifice zones in, 172–73, 310–15
self-preservation instinct of, 149, 253
shareholders of, 111, 112, 128, 129, 146–47, 148
spills and accidents in, 330–34; see also specific accidents
Steyer’s walking away from, 235
subsidies for, 70, 115, 118, 127, 418