Chatenay, Mme de, 102
Chauvelin, Germain-Louis de (1685–1762), 178
Chesterfield, Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th Earl of (1694–1773), 135, 162
Cideville, Pierre-Robert le Cornier de (1693–1778): Voltaire’s relationship with, 1, 10; on Émilie’s appearance, 2; country home, 17; introduces Linant to Voltaire, 27; on Le Temple du Goût, 30; and Lettres philosophiques, 34, 38; Voltaire writes to from Cirey, 47; Voltaire writes to about society taking up reasoning, 49–50; Voltaire writes to about Linant, 50; qualities as a correspondent, 61; on Voltaire’s interest in natural philosophy, 66; Linant’s lack of respect for, 74–5; Voltaire writes to about Linant’s departure, 76; attraction to Mme Denis, 158; scolds Voltaire for making himself unpopular, 166; Voltaire writes to about his unhappiness, 178
Cirey, Château de (Meurthe-et-Moselle): background, 44; Voltaire takes refuge there, 45–6, 51; life at, 55–8, 60–3; Denis honeymoons at, 77–8; Grafigny’s letters from, 89–106; Voltaire’s wing, 93–4, 154; Émilie’s rooms, 94; bathroom, 96–7; happy summer at, 151–5; Hénault on, 154–5; Voltaire and Émilie’s impromptu visit, 180; Voltaire leaves for ever, 222
Clairaut, Alexis-Claude (1713–65), 61, 67, 177, 212, 224
Clairon, Claire-Joseph Léris (1723–1803), 106
Clare, Charles, 6th Viscount (1699–1761), 6
Clermont, Louis de Bourbon-Condé, Comte de, Prince of the Blood (1709–71), 42–3
Coligny, Gaspard de (1519–72), 18
Collège d’Harcourt, 52–3
Comédie Française, 15, 18, 133, 135, 137–8, 140, 159, 200–1
Comédie Italienne, 203
Commercy, Château de, 184–5, 193–5, 202–3
Condorcet, Marie-Jean-Antoine-Nicolas de Caritat, Marquis de (1743–94), 164
Congreve, William (1670–1729), 23, 24
Conti, Louis-François de Bourbon, Prince de (1717–76), 42–3
Corneille, Pierre (1606–84), 111
Crébillon, Claude (1707–77), 47, 135, 200
Crébillon, Prosper Jolyot (1674–1762), 200, 203, 214
Créquy, Renée-Caroline de Froulay, Marquise de (1714–1803), 3, 5, 56
Crewe, Mrs, 23
Cumberland, William Augustus, Duke of (1721–65), 161
Dangeau, Philippe de Courcillon, Marquis de (1638–1720), 6
Dauphin of France, Louis (1729–65), 68, 139, 152, 158, 203
Dauphine of France, Marie Thérèse Raphaele, Infanta of Spain (1727–47), 152, 153, 158
Deffand, Marie de Vichy-Chamrond, Marquise de (1697–1780): on Émilie’s appearance, 2; and Lettres philosophiques, 38; cruel pen-portrait of Émilie, 56; on Voltaire’s affair with Émilie, 57; Hénault discusses Voltaire with, 134; relationship with Hénault, 154; de Staal writes to, 173; on Saint-Lambert, 183; Émilie refuses to see while working, 212
Denis, M., 76, 151
Denis, Marie-Louise Mignot, Mme (1712–90): Voltaire helps out, 76–8; Voltaire and Émilie visit, 149; husband’s death, 151; Voltaire commences affair with, 157–8, 169; Voltaire writes to, 173; fails to persuade Voltaire to leave Émilie, 175–6, 178; Voltaire writes to her of his love for her, 191; Voltaire writes to from Lorraine, 195–6; quarrels with Voltaire, 201; Voltaire writes to about birth of Émilie’s daughter, 220; Voltaire’s intention to comfort himself with her after Émilie’s death, 222–3; Voltaire sets up house with, 224
Decartes, René (1596–1650), 31, 33, 41, 79
Desfontaines, Abbé Pierre-François Guyot (1685–1745): sodomy case against, 18–19; Voltaire attacks, 30; Voltaire’s hatred of, 47–8, 49; and La Mort de César, 53; publicly reveals Voltaire’s affair with Émilie, 53–4; row with Voltaire sparked by Voltaire’s Newton book, 80–8, 92–3, 99; La Voltairomanie, 81–5, 86, 88; Voltaire rejoices not to encounter in Paris, 111; makes trouble about Mahomet, 135; death, 166; immortality given him by quarrels with Voltaire, 167
Desmarets, Léopold, 98, 100, 102, 104, 105, 106
Devaux, François-Antoine (’Pan-pan’, ‘Panpichon’) (1712–96): background, 91; Grafigny’s letters to, 91–106; Voltaire on, 94; affair with Boufflers, 182; and Émilie’s affair with Saint-Lambert, 190; verses by, 205
Dickens, Guy, English Ambassador to Berlin, 126
Diderot, Denis (1713–84), 183
Drumgold (Irishman), 106
Duclos, Charles Pinot (1704–72), 214
Dumesnil, Marie-Françoise March-and, called Mlle (1711–1803), 138
Dumolard, 125
Duresnel, Jean-François du Bellay, Abbé de Sept-Fontaines (1692–1761), 214
Eller, Johan-Theodor, 147
Émilie see Châtelet, Gabrielle-Émilie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, Marquise du
England and the English, 22–5, 34, 40–1
Étiolles, Château d’, 162
Euler, Leonhard (1707–83), 79
Fawkener, Sir Everard (1684–1758): background, 23; Voltaire meets in England, 23, 24; Zaïre dedicated to, 26; appointed English Ambassador to the Porte, 62; Voltaire writes to, 62–3, 114–15, 132–3, 204–5; Voltaire invites to Cirey, 90; at Fontenoy, 161–2
fermiers-généraux, 3–4
Fitzjames, Duchesse de, 163
Flavacourt, Marquise de, 163
Fleury, André-Hercule, Cardinal de, Bishop of Fréjus (1653–1742): opinion of Voltaire, 11; background, 26; Mirepoix complains to about Voltaire, 68; du Châtelet intercedes with on Voltaire’s behalf, 72; ’sGravesande does same, 73; and Lecouvreur, 75; uses Voltaire as his unofficial envoy in Berlin, 123–5, 136; and Mahomet, 133; death, 136–7
Foncemagne, Étienne Leuréault de (1694–1779), 214
Fontaine-Martel, Baronne de, 27–9, 131
Fontenelle, Bernard le Bovier de (1657–1757), 5–6, 137, 165, 166
Fontenoy, Battle of (1745), 160–2
Forster, Edward Morgan (1879–1970), 79
Four, Mme du, 174
Fourqualquiers, M. de, 29
Francis I, François-Étienne, Duc de Lorraine, Emperor (1708–65), 90, 111
Frederick II, the Great, King of Prussia (1712–86): and Newton, 41; begins correspondence with Voltaire, 64–6; Voltaire’s growing attraction to, 69–70; Voltaire writes to from exile in Holland, 71; correspondence with Voltaire, 73; sends Voltaire Kaiserling, 74, 95; Linant plots to live in his establishment, 75–6; and Voltaire’s Newton book, 80; Thieriot sends La Voltairomanie to, 85, 87; on Voltaire’s energy, 90; present sent to Émilie, 94; Voltaire asks him to intercede in du Châtelet family lawsuit, 109; on d’Arenberg, 110; Anti-Machiavel, 110, 116, 117, 118, 119–20, 125; corresponds with Voltaire about royal marriages, 111; relationship with Voltaire, 116–17; succeeds to the throne, 117–18; plans to meet Voltaire but not Émilie, 118–19; meets Voltaire at last, 120–2; character, 121–2; life at his Court, 126, 142, 144; invades Silesia, 125, 126, 130; Voltaire writes to about his inflammation of the eyes, 128; at Mollwitz, 130–1, 132; helps Émilie with family lawsuit, 131; forms alliance with France, then makes peace with Maria-Theresa, 133–6; Voltaire visits at Aix, 136; delight at Voltaire failing to get elected to Académie Française, 139; Voltaire plots departure to his Court, 140–1; Voltaire’s visit to, 143–7; daily life, 143–4; named in Voltaire’s inaugural Académie Française speech, 165; Voltaire, fearing death, bequeaths manuscripts to, 167–8; continues to ask Voltaire to go and live with him, 172; Voltaire speaks to about Plombières, 197; Voltaire recommences correspondence with, 212–13; his famous quote about Voltaire, 213
Frederick William I, King of Prussia (1688–1740), 69, 117
Fréjus, Bishop of see Fleury, André-Hercule, Cardinal de
Froulay, Bailli de, 68
Galloche, Louis (1670–1761), 60 Gaussin, Jeanne-Catherine Gaussem, called Mlle (1711–67), 151
Gay, John (1685–1732), 23
Gaya, Chevalier de, 173
Genlis, Stéphanie-Félicité du Crest de Saint-Aubin, Comtesse de (1746–1830), 5
George I, King of Great Brita
in and Ireland (1660–1727), 22
George II, King of Great Britain and Ireland (1683–1760), 23
Gontaut, Duc de, 4
Goujon, Jean (c. 1510-c. 1563), 30
Grafigny, Françoise d’Issembourg d’Happoncourt, Dame de (1695–1758): background, 83, 89; letters from Cirey, 91–106; later life and writings, 106–7
’sGravesande, Willem Jacob (1688–1742), 71, 73, 80, 118
Gresset, Jean-Baptiste-Louis (1709–77), 214
Grévin, Jacques (1538–70), 41
Grignan, Françoise-Marguerite, Comtesse de (1646–1705), 37
Guébriant, Marquis de, 7
Guise, Prince de, 36–7, 59
Hague, The, 143; La Vieille Cour, 122
Hardion, Jacques (1686–1766), 214
Harley, Laura, 31
Helvétius, Claude-Adrien (1715–71), 106, 149
Hénault, Charles-Jean-François, President of the Chamber (1685–1770), 13, 134–5, 154–5, 156, 165, 183, 214
Henri IV, King of France (1553–1610), 11–12, 17–18
Hérault, M., Chief of Police, 70 Hervey, John Hervey, Lord (1696–1743), 23, 60–1
Hoensbrock, Marquis de, 160
Holland, 71
Houdar de la Motte, Antoine, called Lamotte-Houdar (1672–1731), 11
Houdetot, Mme d’, 183, 224
Jacquier, Père François (1711–88), 154, 162
James Edward Stuart, the Old Pretender (1688–1766), 6
Joan of Arc, Maid of Orléans, 50
Jordan, Charles-Étienne (b. 1700), 121, 147
Jore (publisher), 34, 38–9, 56
Kaiserling, Count (Caesarion), 74, 75–6, 120
Koenig, Samuel (1712–57), 109, 112, 113–14, 121, 127
La Barbarini, 146
La Bruyère, Jean de (1645–96), 6
La Chaussée, Pierre-Claud Nivelle de (1692–1754), 214
La Condamine, Charles Marie de (1701–74), 61
La Fontaine, Jean de (1621–95), 29
La Galaizière, Marquis de (1697–1766), 182, 183–4, 185, 191, 205, 212
La Mettrie, Julien Offroy de (1709–1751), 113
La Morlière, Jacques Rochette, Chevalier de (1719–85), 200
La Popelinière, Alexandre-Joseph le Riche de (1692–1762), 85
La Rivière-Bourdet, Château de, 17
La Source, Château de, 17
LaVallière, Louis-César de la Baume Le Blanc Duc de (1708–80), 4, 155
LaVallière, Mme de, 155 La Vrillière, Louis Phélypeaux, Comte de Saint Florentin, Marquis de Châteauneuf et de (1672–1725), 15
Lafayette, Marie-Madeleine Pioche de la Vergne, Comtesse de (1634–1693), 29
Lamotte-Houdar see Houdar de la Motte, Antoine Lancret, Nicolas (1690–1743), 60, 136
Law, John (1671–1729), 16
Le Brun (writer of ‘J’ai vu’), 14
Le Brun, Charles (1619–90) , 29, 111
Le Sueur, Eustache (1616–55), 29–30
LeVau, Louis (1612–70), 30
Lecouvreur, Adrienne, 19–20, 26, 61, 75
Leibnitz, Gottfried Wilhelm (1646–1716), 41, 64, 90–1, 113, 127, 154, 162
libertins du Temple, les, 13
Liège, Georges-Louis de Berg, Bishop of, 121
Linant, Michel (1708–49): background, 27; nature of Voltaire’s relationship with, 31; lives with Voltaire, 34–5; Voltaire scolds Cideville for introducing him to him, 38; visit to Cideville, 47; visits Voltaire on his return from country exile, 50; tutors Émilie’s children, 52, 55; life at Cirey, 74–5; sister employed at Cirey, 75–6; leaves Cirey, 76; and Voltaire’s row with Desfontaines, 87; wins Academy prize, 110
Livry, Mlle, 16
Lixin, Prince de, 38, 42
Locke, John (1632–1704), 31
London, 22
Longchamp (secretary to Voltaire): Voltaire hires, 170; helps Voltaire escape from Fontainebleau, 171; on quarrels between Voltaire and Émilie, 177; accompanies Voltaire and Émilie to Cirey, 178–80; accompanies Voltaire and Émilie to Commercy, 193; helps calm down quarrel between Voltaire and Émilie, 194–5; ignorance of Voltaire’s affair with Denis, 201; accompanies Voltaire on trip to Lunéville, 201–2; on Émilie being pregnant by Saint-Lambert, 208; and Émilie’s death, 220–1
Lorraine, 90, 91, 181–96, 202–6, 216–21
Louis XIV, King of France (1638–1715), 52
Louis XV, King of France (1710–74): Voltaire refused permission to dedicate Henriade to, 18; makes Fleury his chief Minister, 26; and Richelieu, 37; habits at meals, 58; scientific expeditions financed by, 61; affair with Mailly, 110; marriage of eldest daughter, 111; Fleury’s influence on, 137; attitude to Voltaire, 137; affair with Châteauroux, 137; Bishop of Mirepoix complains to about Voltaire, 140–1; his allure for Voltaire, 142; asks Richelieu for better fêtes at Versailles, 152; Voltaire’s relationship with, 153–4, 164–5; thanksgiving for his recovery from illness, 155–6; and La Princesse de Navarre, 158; affair with Pompadour, 159; at Fontenoy, 160–1; and Voltaire’s Fontenoy poem, 161; mentioned in Voltaire’s inaugural Académie Française speech, 165; relationship with wife, 172; appoints Boufflers lady-in-waiting to Mesdames de France, 199; Academician deputation to congratulate him on Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 213–15
Lugeac, Marquis de (b. 1720), 126
Lully, Jean-Baptiste (c. 1632–87), 111
Lunéville, 90, 91, 181–92, 205–6, 216–21
Luxembourg, Mme de, 138
Luynes, Charles Philippe d’Albert, Duc de (1695–1758), 163
Luynes, Duchesse de, Mistress of the Robes, 163
Luynes, Paul d’Albert de see Bayeux, Bishop of
MacCarthy, Abbé, 47
Macchiavelli, Niccolò di Bernardo dei (1469–1527), 110, 116, 117, 118
Maffei, Scipione (1675–1755), 138
Maillebois, Jean-Baptiste-François des Marets, Marquis de, Marshal of France (1682–1762), 173, 174
Mailly, Louise-Julie, Comtesse de (1710–51), 110, 134–5, 137
Maine, Anne-Louise, Bénédicte de Bourbon-Condé, Duchesse de (1676–1753), 47, 171–2, 173–5
Mairan, Jean-Jacques Dortous de (1678–1771), 114
Maisons, Marquis de, 26
Makarty (Irishman), 63
Marais, Mathieu (1665–1737), 41
Maria-Theresa, Archduchess of Austria and Empress (1717–80), 90, 123–4, 131, 134, 140
Marie-Catherine-Sophie-Félicité Leczinska, Queen of France: welcomes Voltaire to Court and gives him pension, 18, 25, 47; Émilie offends, 163; Voltaire underestimates influence, 172; Voltaire offends, 177–8; Stanislas visits, 191, 192, 197; wants him to marry de la Roche-sur-Yonne, 199; loathing of Voltaire, 203
Marivaux, Pierre Carlet de Chamblain de (1688–1763), 67, 93, 214
Marlborough, Sarah Churchill, Duchess of (1660–1744), 23
Marmontel, Jean-François (1723–99), 201
Marot, (Jean-Baptiste-) François (c. 1667–1719), 60
Martin, Jean-Baptiste (1657–1735), 94
Maupertuis, Pierre-Louis Moreau de (1698–1759): affair with Émilie, 32–3, 44–5, 46, 54, 57; and Newton, 41; taken up by Paris society, 49–50; trip to Lapland to prove shape of the earth, 61–2; cooling in relationship with Émilie, 90; Grafigny on, 102; Émilie resumes relationship with, 112; to Prussia to help found Berlin Academy, 118; accompanies Frederick on European tour, 120; Voltaire dines with in Berlin, 125–6; at Mollwitz, 131; Voltaire writes to from Berlin, 147
Maurepas, Jean-Frédéric Phéli-peaux, Comte de (1701–81), 21, 51, 137, 214
Mauriac, François, xi
meals, 58
Menou, Père, 180–1, 185–6, 206
Mézières, M. de, 5
Michel (financier), 132
Mignot, Catherine Arouet, Mme, 16, 26, 76
Mignot, Marie-Louise see Denis, Mme
Milton, John (1608–74), 24
Mimeure, Mme de, 48
Mirabaud, Jean-Baptiste de (1675–1760), 214
Mirepoix, Jean-François Boye
r, Bishop of (1675–1755):satirised by Voltaire, 68; blocks Voltaire’s election to Académie Française, 137, 139; complains to King about Voltaire, 140–1; Frederick makes trouble between him and Voltaire, 145–6; and Pompadour, 159; Voltaire writes to the Pope to irritate, 163; congratulates King on Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 214