city hall, cracks in, resulting from 1987 Whittier quake, 336
effects of future great quake, 178, 187
progress northwestward, 366n
Rancho La Brea (La Brea tar pits), 362n
threat of great earthquakes to in near future, 178, 348
Los Angeles International Airport, California, 247, 298
Los Angeles River, California, 183
Los Angeles Times, 262, 291
Louis and Clark expedition, 137
Louisiana Purchase, 139
Louisiana Territory, 135, 137–147 (Chapter 10)
Louisville, Kentucky, 146, 147, 307
Lowell Creek (Seward, Alaska), 28, 32
Lower Van Norman Dam, 177–180, 182–184, 187
Lower Van Norman Reservoir, 177, 184, 187
Luda, port of (Dairen), China, 226
McEvilly, Dr. Tom, 325
McNally, Dr. Karen, 239, 240, 243–250, 279, 280, 291, 295–300, 302, 350, 364–365n, 369n
McRae, Doug, 104, 106–108, 120, 121
McRae, Joanne, 104, 106–108
McRae, Linda, 104, 106–108
McRae, Robert, 104, 106–108
McRae, Scotty, 104, 106–108, 120
Mader, George (author of Living with a Volcanic Threat), 366n
Madison, Dolley, 138
Madison, President James, 139
magnetic reversal of earth’s magnetic poles explanation, 358n
Makah Indian tribe, 15, 23, 24
Makinson, Larry, 320, 372n
Mammoth Lakes, California, 177, 260–274, 347
earthquake prediction, 250
High School, 267
Mammoth Scenic Loop, 271, 320, 367n
Mammoth Lakes Chamber of Commerce, 262, 263
Manchuria, 156
Manila, Philippines, 119
Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung), 225
Marin County, California, 165, 360n
marine geologists, 158, 159
marine geophysical investigations, 157–159
Atlantic Ocean floor mapping, 158
East Pacific rise, 159
mid-Atlantic rise, 158
Massachusetts, 12
Massachusetts Bay, 132
Masters, Betsy, 356n
Matthews, Samuel, 357n
Maui, Hawaii, 123
Maywood, California, 335
Mead, Dr. Perry, 47, 48, 67, 77, 120
Mead, Merrill, 48, 69, 77, 112, 113, 120, 313
Mead, Mrs. Wanda, 47, 112, 113, 120
Mead, Paul, 48, 77, 112
Mead, Penny, 48, 77, 112, 120
Mead III, Perry, 48, 69, 77, 112, 113, 120, 313
Meals, Owen, 371n
Memphis, Tennessee, 301, 302, 307, 308, 348, 370n
effect of New Madrid (Missouri) great quakes on, 12, 130, 135, 147
effect of 1964 Alaska quake on, 118
future earthquake threat to, 12, 118, 130, 147, 271, 299, 301, 302, 307, 308, 353n
Memphis International Airport, Tennessee, 307
Memphis State University, Tennessee, 301, 370n
Menard, Bill, 252
Menlo Park, California (western headquarters of USGS), 18, 21, 117, 123, 152–154, 160–163, 171, 174, 175, 223, 235, 243, 265, 266, 326
Merrill Field Municipal Airport (Anchorage, Alaska), 66, 109
Metropolitan Cathedral, Mexico City, Mexico, 298
Mexico, 165, 239–250 (Chapter 21), 291–302
Mexico City, Mexico, 243, 245, 247
Michoacán quake of 1985, 292–295, 297–302, 368–369n
related to Oaxaca quake of 1978, 239, 240, 243, 245, 247
Michoacán, Mexico, 291, 297, 300
Mexico City earthquake of 1985, 291, 297, 300
Michoacán gap, 292, 294, 300
mid-Atlantic rise, 158, 358n, 362n
mid-ocean ridges, 159
mid-ocean trenches, 158, 159
Midway Island, 119
Migliaccio, Ralph, 372n
Miller, Dr. Robert, 45, 315, 316, 353n
Mineral Creek, Valdez, Alaska, 371n
Mississippi Embayment, 135, 147
Mississippi River, 12, 118, 135, 140, 145, 146, 147
waterfalls and running backward of, 146
Missouri, 12, 134
Missouri River, 137
MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), 234, 363n
Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale, 356n
reprint of, 377–378
Mojave Desert, California, 165, 177, 204, 205, 235
Moment-Magnitude Scale, 356n
explanation, 376
Mono County Board of Supervisors, California, 367n
Mono Craters, Long Valley Caldera, California, 265
Mono Lake, California, 177, 259
Montague Island, Alaska, 125
Montana, 146
Montebello, California, 332–334, 335
Morgan, Colonel George, 139
Morin, Joseph, 138, 140
Mount Adams, Washington, 133, 258
Mount Baker, Washington, 133, 258
Mount Denali. See: Mount McKinley.
Mount Fuji (Fujiyama), Japan, 258
Mount Garibaldi, British Columbia, Canada, 258
Mount Hood, Oregon, 133, 258
Mount Lassen, California, 133, 256, 258
Mount McKinley, Alaska, 44
Mount Marathon (Seward, Alaska), 28
Mount Mazama. See: Crater Lake, Oregon.
Mount Pelée, Martinique, 366n
Mount Rainier, Washington, 133, 255, 257, 258, 366n
and Mount Tacoma, 258
Mount Saint Helens, Washington, 133, 251–260, 264–266, 366n, 370n
Mount Shasta, California, 133, 258
Mount Tacoma. See: Mount Rainier.
Mount Tambora, Indonesia, 259
Murmansk, USSR, 118
Napoleon, 139
Nashville, Tennessee, 130
National Academy of Engineers, 1969 report, 172, 359n
National Earthquake Hazards Insurance Program, recommendations for a, 349
National Earthquake Prediction Evaluation Council, 324
National Municipal League, 28
National Research Council, of the National Academy of Science, 186, 361n
Panel on Earthquake Prediction, 365n
National Science Foundation (NSF), 166, 195, 197, 369n, 371n, 373n
Student Originated Studies Program, 194, 197
Study: Land Use Planning After Earthquakes, 319
National Security Council, 256, 370n
NBC Studios, Burbank, California, 336
effects of 1987 Whittier quake on, 336
Neah Bay, Washington, 15–23, 342
Nebraska, 259
New Madrid, Missouri, 135, 138–140
New Madrid Fault, 298, 301, 307, 309, 370n
New Mexico, 259
New Orleans, Louisiana, 137–139, 146, 299
New York State, 12
New York City, New York, 131, 146, 355n, 370n
earthquake preparation, 236, 271, 307, 309
earthquake threat to, 130, 131, 271, 302, 353n, 355n
effects of New Madrid (Missouri) great quakes on, 143
Newhall, California, 181
Newington, New Hampshire, 132
Newport Beach, California, 190
Nixon, President Richard, 173
administration of, 374n
Noble, Levi, 165, 208
Nome, Alaska, 31
North American craton, 129
North American plate, 20, 152, 204, 240, 292, 324, 326, 344, 353n, 362n, 366n
North Pole, 117
North Star Terminal Stevedoring Company. See also: Valdez Dock Company, 38
Northwestern Indians, 23
Makah tribe, 15
Norwalk, California, 339
Norway, 118
Noson, Dr. Linda, 301, 344–346
Nuevo León apartment complex, Mexico City, Mexico, 295
Nuttli, Dr. O
tto, 116, 118, 129–135, 298, 299, 356n
Oakland, California, 308
Oaxaca, Mexico, 239–243, 250, 300
oceanic plates, 17
Office of Science and Technology. See: President’s Office of Science and Technology.
Olive View Medical Center, 181–183, 185
Olmstead, USS, 38
Olympia, Washington
USGS earthquake preparedness workshop, April 1988, 344
Olympic Peninsula, Washington, 22
Oregon, 21, 258, 259, 300, 342–344, 346
earthquake potential, 15–25
Ottawa, Canada, 118
Owens Valley, California, 177, 250, 259, 264
1872 earthquake in, 264
P waves (primary or compression waves generated by earthquakes), 53, 57, 67, 70, 80, 83, 134, 140, 180, 228, 230, 233–235, 245, 250, 292, 304, 324, 346
Pacific Northwest
earthquake potential, 15–25
Pacific plate, 204, 324, 326, 362n, 366n, 372n
Pacific Rim of Fire, 133
Pacoima Dam, 180, 186
paleoseismology, 152, 223, 237, 344, 359n, 363n, 365n
definition, 152
study of sedimentary deposits of the recent geological past, 167
Pallett, George, 205
Pallett Creek, California (Mojave Desert), 203–223, 370n
Palmdale, California, 165, 206, 235
Palmdale Bulge, 235–237, 364n, 370n
Palo Alto, California, 189
Panshan, Manchuria, 227
Paris, Texas, 48
Parkfield, California, 165, 201, 210, 279, 323–329, 362n, 372–373n
Community Hall, 324, 325
Donalee Site, 323
earthquakes, 1857, 1881, 1901, 1922, 1934, 1966, 324, 325
1857 earthquake as cause of Fort Tejon 1857 quake, 372n
School, 373n
Pasadena, California, 119, 179, 210, 239, 240, 246, 247, 332, 335, 339
Pearblossom, California (closest community to Pallett Creek), 208, 209
Peck, Dr. Dallas, 267, 367n
Pedersen, Ted (mate on Alaska Standard, Seward), 87, 88, 107, 108
Pemex headquarters, 298
Penick, James L., Jr. (author of The New Madrid Earthquake), 356n
Penney’s, J. C., Anchorage store, 48, 49, 66, 67, 71–75, 109, 110, 334
Pennsylvania, 370n
Petropavlovsk, Siberia, USSR, 117
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 130, 131, 370n
piedmont scarps, 169
Pierce County, Washington, 255
Pike, Zebulon M., 137
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 130, 353n
Plafker, Dr. George, 24, 25, 117–118, 123–127, 149–154, 160, 163, 167, 169, 223, 357n
plate tectonics theory, 24, 152, 197, 235, 248, 257, 362n, 364n
final validation of, 163
plutons, 259
Point Reyes, California, 165
Port Alberni, British Columbia, Canada, 118
Port of Seattle, Washington, 347
Port of Tacoma, Washington, 347
Port Valdez, 38
Portland, Oregon, 20, 117, 133, 252, 309, 346, 347
President’s Office of Science and Technology, 173, 186–187, 360n
ad hoc panel on earthquake prediction, 359n
task force report (1965) on earthquake prediction (Dr. Press), 172, 186
Presley, Elvis
Graceland home in Memphis, Tennessee
Press, Dr. Frank, 154, 160, 172, 251, 252, 255, 256, 357n, 359n, 364n, 370n
report of 1965, 186
Prince William Sound, Alaska, 51–53, 65, 70, 86, 117, 126, 164
Prince, Reverend Thomas, 355n
Princeton University, 159
Providence Hospital, Anchorage, Alaska, 120
Providence, Rhode Island, 49
Puget Sound, 20
1949 earthquake, 21
1965 earthquake, 21, 346, 347
Puyallup River, Washington, 347
Queen Anne Hill (Seattle), 116
Rancho La Brea, 362n
Ray, Dixie Lee (governor of Washington), 253, 254
Reader, Ron, 339, 340
Reagan, President Ronald W., 283, 284, 300
recommendations for National Earthquake Hazards Insurance Program, 349
Red Wing shoe oil, 80
Redwood City, California, 307
Reelfoot Lake, Tennessee, 144
Reeve, Robert (Bob), 43, 46, 66, 67, 77, 109
Reeve Aleutian Airways, 43
Reid, Harry Fielding, 360n
resonant motion, 293
Reston, Virginia, 163, 265, 266
Resurrection Bay, Alaska (Seward), 27, 28, 31, 87, 104, 105, 124
Reykjavik, Iceland, 118
Richmond, Virginia, 146
Richter scale, 355n, 356n, 375. See also: explanation in Appendix 1
Richter, Dr. Charles F., 157, 167, 168, 178, 179, 183, 186, 359–361n, 375–376
Richter, Mrs. Lillian, 179, 360n
Riverside Campus of the University of California. See: University of California at Riverside.
Ross, Father Tony, 331, 332
Rousseau, Jean, 355n
Rustigan, Baxter, 48, 65–67, 71, 109
Rustigan, Bonita, 48, 49, 66, 67, 72–75, 109
Rustigan, Mary Louise, 48, 49, 66, 67, 72–75, 109
Rustigan, Robert, 48, 65–67, 71
Rustigan, Sr., Baxter, 48, 49, 109
Rustigian. See: Rustigan
Ryall, Dr. Alan, 263, 266
S waves (secondary waves generated by earthquakes), 53, 54, 66, 70, 80, 116, 118, 134, 140, 228, 230, 233, 245, 278, 292, 293, 324, 346
Sacramento, California, 280
St. Lawrence Seaway, Canada, 355n
St. Louis, Missouri, 12, 129, 130, 134, 135, 137, 138, 146, 147, 271, 302, 307, 309, 353n
St. Louis University, 116, 129, 134, 298
Seismological Observatory, 133
St. Mary’s Church and School, Whittier, California, 331, 332, 338, 339
Salt Lake City, Utah, 169, 309, 353n
average yearly slip rate, 202, 206–210
deep drilling probe into, 328
fault trace, 165
Fort Tejon segment, 178, 179, 185, 203, 207, 210, 223, 235
related to Los Angeles, 178, 179, 183, 185, 187, 201, 203–210, 223, 235
related to San Francisco, 170, 201
research into mechanics of, 164–167, 178, 190, 196, 197, 201–210, 223
slippage on, 166, 179, 183, 185, 187
San Bernardino, California, 210, 360n
San Fernando Valley, California, 165, 177, 179, 180, 184, 192, 317, 360–361n
question of 1971 quake’s effect (if any) on San Andreas, 360n
San Francisco, California, 130, 165, 170, 201, 280, 285, 308, 323, 345
San Gabriel, California
Civic Auditorium, effects of 1987 Whittier quake on, 339
San Gabriel Mountains, California, 177, 179, 186, 187, 205, 207, 208, 335, 360n
San Jacinto Fault, 195, 196
San Joaquin Valley, California, 244, 296
San Juan Bautista, California, 165, 201
San Juan cannery dock, Seward, Alaska, 87, 90, 121, 319
sandblows, 123. See also: weird geysers of sand, 143, 144, 146, 204
definition of, 361n
Santa Cruz, California, 279, 291
Santayana, George, 321
Sapporo, Japan, 118
Savannah, Georgia, 146
SBA (Small Business Administration), 284, 286, 289
SCEPP (Southern California Earthquake Preparedness Project), 308, 309, 337, 345, 349, 371n
address, 381
Scrivner, Mayor Keith, and family, 278, 281–284, 286, 367n
Seattle, Washington, 21, 115–118, 124, 132, 258, 301,
309, 341–348
Kerry Park, on Queen Anne Hill, 346
1949 earthquake, 21, 373n
1965 earthquake, 21, 373n
Space Needle, 116, 346, 347
Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, Washington, 133
Seavey, Dan, 29, 30, 79–82, 86, 104, 121
family of, 29, 81
secondary waves. See: S waves.
seiche, 52
description of, 354n
seismic bombs (vulnerable unreinforced masonry buildings), 173, 307, 308, 309, 347, 348, 368–369n
seismic gap, 241, 242, 248, 249
alpha and beta phase, 242, 243, 245, 247
Guerrero gap, 300
Michoacán, Mexico, 292, 294, 300, 365n
Seismic Sea Wave Warning Center (Hawaii), 119, 123
seismic wave transmission characteristics, 130
Seismological Society of America annual meeting, Seattle, 1964, 115, 116
seismologists
definition of, in relation to geophysicists and geologists, 161, 162
Selkregg, Dr. Lidia, 45, 314–316, 320, 371n
Selkregg, Fred, 315
Seward, Alaska, 27–32, 51, 53, 79–93, 102–108, 117, 120–122, 125–126, 271, 319, 347
All America City, 1964, 28
Seward, William Henry, 32
Seward Airport, Alaska, 106
Seward Highway, Alaska, 66
Shaw, John, 356n
Sieh, Dr. Kerry, 189–197, 199–223, 237, 255, 328, 349, 362n, 365n, 370n
Student Originated Studies Program of NSF, 194
Sieh, Laurie, 205, 206
Sieh, Rodger, 203–206
Sierra Nevada Mountains, California, 177, 250, 259, 260, 264
Sitka, Alaska, 119
Small Business Administration (SBA), 367n
Smith, Dean, 81, 82, 88–90
Smith Tower, Seattle, Washington, 347
Smits, Doug, 305
Smollar, David, 291, 295, 297, 298
Snaveley, Jr., Dr. Parke D., 23, 164, 353n
Soldotna, Alaska, 124
South Carolina, 12, 132
Eastern U.S. Seismic Safety Consortium, 369n
Seismic Safety Consortium, 369n
Southern California Earthquake Preparedness Project. See: SCEPP.
Soviet Academy of Science, 233
Space Needle (Seattle World’s Fair site), 116, 346
Spirit Lake, Washington, 255
Spokane, Washington, 256
Stalin, Joseph, 233
Standard Oil
Seward dock, 29, 83, 84, 87, 90, 121, 319
Seward tank farm, 33, 86, 90–92
Valdez tank farm, 38, 96
Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, 171, 189, 190, 193–195
School of Earth Sciences, 173, 190, 195
State Farm Insurance, 287, 368n
State Seismological Bureau of China, 225–232, 235