14. “Magnificent pagan”: Rugoff, America’s Gilded Age, p. 195.
15. Beecher became the first pastor . . .: Ahlstrom, p. 739.
16. Editor of The Independent . . .: Ahlstrom, p. 739.
17. By 1870 he had taken . . .: Hibben, pp. 195–96.
18. Carried opals . . .: Shaplen, p. 24.
19. “The griffin”: Hibben, pp. 176–78.
20. The story of one of Beecher’s affairs . . .: WCW, Nov. 2, 1872.
21. Catharine and Harriet were busy . . .: Johnston, Runaway to Heaven, p. 433; Boydston, Kelly, and Margolis, pp. 295–96.
22. Agreed with Alexis de Tocqueville . . .: David Brion Davis, p. 15.
23. Catharine later . . .: Shaplen, p. 132; WCW, May 17, 1872, p. 15.
24. Victoria later said . . .: Shaplen, p. 132; WCW, May 17, 1872, p. 15.
NEW YORK CITY, LATE MAY 1871
Pages 112–15
1. “Because I am a woman . . .”: The New York Times, May 22, 1871, p. 5.
2. Two days later . . .: The New York Times, May 24, 1871, p. 2.
3. “I was divorced from Dr. Woodhull . . .”: WCW, Aug. 26, 1871, p. 9.
4. “I was both surprised . . .”: The New York Times, May 25, 1871, p. 2.
NEW YORK CITY, JUNE 1871
Pages 116–24
1. One is that he was summoned . . .: Shaplen, p. 124; WCW, Nov. 2, 1872.
2. Tilton was sent by Beecher . . .: Waller, p. 132.
3. Stephen Pearl Andrews introduced . . .: Stern, The Pantarch, pp. 113–14.
4. “Poet knight-errant . . .”: Hibben, p. 156.
5. To vacate her 38th Street . . .: New York Herald, June 8, 1871, p. 6.
6. “A man utterly broken . . .”: Shaplen, p. 117.
7. “Perfect Adonis with . . .”: Shaplen, p. 27.
8. “Unquestionably the most popular . . .”: Hibben, p. 257.
9. Most profitable religious journal . . .: Shaplen, p. 29; Ahlstrom, p. 692.
10. Tilton’s charmed life . . .: Shaplen, p. 3.
11. Tilton had been away lecturing . . .: Waller, p. 52.
12. He himself had succumbed . . .: Waller, pp. 52–53.
13. Called out of state . . .: WCW, Aug. 8, 1874, p. 5.
14. Beecher was trying . . .: Shaplen, p. 52; The Beecher-Tilton Scandal, p. 90; Hibben, pp. 182–83.
15. Given a generous advance . . .: Hibben, pp. 182–83.
16. Elizabeth and Theodore’s son . . .: Shaplen, p. 54.
17. Not unlike a bodily “handshake” . . .: Hibben, p. 236.
18. Made a dozen “pastoral” visits . . .: Shaplen, p. 57.
19. Elizabeth could no longer . . .: Hibben, p. 199.
20. He and Elizabeth agreed . . .: Shaplen, p. 187.
21. “Better were it for the inhabitants . . .”: Shaplen, p. 203.
22. Elizabeth either miscarried or aborted . . .: Shaplen, p. 73.
23. Increasingly at odds . . .: Shaplen, pp. 77–80; Hibben, p. 207–8.
24. Tilton had signed a five-year . . .: Hibben, p. 207.
25. Bowen broke the contract . . .: Hibben, p. 208.
26. Soon lost that job as well . . .: Shaplen, p. 102.
27. Bowen’s own wife . . .: Hibben, p. 160.
28. He sided with Beecher . . .: Shaplen, p. 85.
29. To stop “whining” . . .: WCW, Nov. 2, 1872.
30. “I assumed at once . . .”: WCW, Nov. 2, 1872.
31. “Rare type of man . . .”: WCW, July 8, 1871, p. 3.
32. “Most extraordinary women . . .”: Shaplen, p. 144.
33. They rowed together . . .: Sachs, p. 106.
34. Had late dinners . . .: New York Daily Tribune, March 26, 1875, p. 10.
35. “Devoted lover for more than . . .”: Shaplen, p. 146; The Beecher-Tilton Scandal, p. 119.
36. “Does Mr. Bowen keep . . .”: WCW, June 3, 1871, p. 5.
37. “Who ever heard of even a single . . .”: WCW, June 3, 1871, p. 11.
38. “Really, Mrs. Livermore . . .”: WCW, June 17, 1871, p. 4.
39. “I left New York . . .”: ECS to VCW, Wyoming, June 21, 1871, published in WCW, July 15, 1871, p. 9.
41. “I shall swiftly sketch . . .”: Tilton, “Biography of Victoria Claflin Woodhull,” p. 1.
42. “I must now let out . . .”: Tilton, “Biography of Victoria Claflin Woodhull,” p. 8.
43. “To see her . . .”: Tilton, “Biography of Victoria Claflin Woodhull,” p. 35.
44. Tilton’s tribute to Victoria . . .: The New York Times, Sept. 15, 1871, p. 4.
45. “The brave Theodore Tilton . . .”: Hearth and Home, Oct. 14, 1871, p. 802.
46. “You chide me . . .”: Hearth and Home, Oct. 21, 1871, p. 823.
NEW YORK CITY, JULY 1871
Pages 125–28
1. “My Dear Davis . . .”: Vassar College, VCW to Paulina Wright Davis, July 7, 1871.
2. She and Tennie were named . . .: Bernstein, p. 114.
3. Ben Butler, Stephen Pearl Andrews, and . . .: Herreshoff, p. 80.
4. The three Ts . . .: Walker, p. 54.
5. “Unbridled democracy”: Foner, p. 211.
6. Before the Paris Commune . . .: Herreshoff, p. 79.
7. U.S. newspapers reported . . .: Bernstein, p. 73.
8. The New York Evening Telegraph . . .: Bernstein, p. 85; New York Evening Telegraph, June 27, 1871.
9. The The New York Times wrote . . .: Bernstein, p. 86; The New York Times, June 19, 1871.
10. The IWA had only several thousand . . .: Bernstein, pp. 86–87.
11. Section 12, which Victoria . . .: Bernstein, p. 210; Stern, The Pantarch, pp. 114–15.
12. In July, the Weekly began . . .: Bernstein, p. 56; WCW, Aug. 26, 1871, p. 8.
13. The Victoria League announced . . .: WCW, Aug. 12, 1871, p. 3.
14. “At this bull’s eye . . .”: The Golden Age, Aug. 5, 1871.
15. “I have sometimes thought . . .”: WCW, Aug. 12, 1871, p. 4.
NEW YORK CITY, AUGUST 1871
Pages 129–31
1. “I will tell you confidentially . . .”: WCW, July 8, 1871, p. 5.
2. As early as May . . .: New York Herald, June 8, 1871, p. 6.
3. Surrounded by a host . . .: WCW, Aug. 26, 1871, p. 3.
4. “Miss Claflin appeared . . .”: The Sun, Aug. 12, 1871, p. 1.
TROY, SEPTEMBER 1871
Pages 132–35
1. The spiritualists had become more interested . . .: WCW, Sept. 30, 1871, pp. 3, 8.
2. Tilton was invited to attend . . .: WCW, Sept. 30, 1871, p. 3.
3. Gage nominated Blood . . .: WCW, Sept. 30, 1871, p. 3.
4. Victoria had spoken twice . . .: WCW, Sept. 30, 1871, p. 3.
5. “Resolved, That we tender . . .”: WCW, Sept. 30, 1871, p. 4.
6. Heavily matriarchal society . . .: Moore, p. 117; Braude, pp. 77, 83; Haddad and Findly, p. 420.
7. The spiritualists were also an idealistic . . .: Moore, p. 76.
8. “Spiritualists did not find the labels . . .”: Moore, p. 90.
9. “Victoria C. Woodhull on the Troy . . .”: SIU, The Albany Times, n.d., n.p.
10. They elected her president . . .: SIU, The Daily Whig, Sept. 15, 1871; WCW, Sept. 30, 1871, p. 8; Braude, p. 170.
11. “The most congenial service . . .”: WCW, Sept. 30, 1871, p. 8.
12. “The most vulgar curiosity . . .”: SIU, The Daily Whig, Sept. 15, 1871.
HARTFORD, OCTOBER 1871
Pages 136–39
1. Henry Ward Beecher and his sister . . .: Johnston, Runaway to Heaven, pp. 434–36.
2. “During the passage of . . .”: Stowe, preface.
3. To persuade the fifty thousand . . .: Hedrick, p. 486.
4. “Mrs. Woodhull holds her manuscript . . .”: Banner of Light, Sept. 19, 1871, reprinted in WCW, Oct. 21, 1871, pp. 4–5.
5. “I would like above an
y . . .”: Vassar College, VCW to Mr. Howland, Oct. 18, 1871.
6. The articles were signed . . .: Sachs, p. 124.
7. “A sister who exceeds her in . . .”: Sachs, p. 125.
8. Seven hundred people . . .: Sachs, p. 125.
9. “With the hope that even . . .”: Sachs, p. 125.
NEW YORK CITY, EARLY NOVEMBER 1871
Pages 140–47
1. Victoria and Tennessee registered . . .: New York Herald, Nov. 4, 1871, p. 8; The World, Nov. 5, 1871, p. 1.
2. Victoria was surprised . . .: New York Herald, Nov. 4, 1871, p. 8.
3. “The line of battle was . . .”: The New York Herald, Nov. 8, 1871, p. 5.
4. “Intense was the excitement . . .”: The World, Nov. 8, 1871, p. 8.
5. Meant she would deliver a speech . . .: New York Herald, Nov. 21, 1871, p. 10.
6. “Discuss the social problem freely . . .”: WCW, Nov. 2, 1872.
7. “I was then contemplating . . .”: WCW, Nov. 2, 1872.
8. Choir of thirty young men . . .: Macrae, p. 64.
9. “I had not the courage to confess . . .”: Hibben, p. 50.
10. McFarland Case . . .: Hibben, p. 197.
11. “Matters remained undecided until . . .”: WCW, Nov. 2, 1872.
12. He also agreed to pay for the rental . . .: The Hartford Times, Nov. 25, 1872, reprinted in WCW, Dec. 28, 1872, p. 13.
NEW YORK CITY, LATE NOVEMBER 1871
Pages 147–55
1. Placards announcing Victoria’s . . .: New York Herald, Nov. 21, 1871, p. 10.
2. So wet and disagreeable . . .: New York Herald, Nov. 21, 1871, p. 10.
3. The crowd was one of the largest . . .: The New York Times excerpt reprinted in WCW, Dec. 9, 1871, p. 12.
4. “Immense placards covering . . .”: New York Herald, Nov. 21, 1871, p. 10.
5. Found Victoria in an anteroom . . .: Shaplen, p. 150.
6. “Mr. Tilton then insisted . . .”: WCW, Nov. 2, 1872.
7. “Mrs. Woodhull, followed by Tennie . . .”: New York Herald, Nov. 21, 1871, p. 10.
8. “I shall never forget . . .”: WCW, Nov. 2, 1872.
9. “My brothers and sisters . . .”: New York Herald, Nov. 21, 1871, p. 10.
10. “How can people who enter . . .”: “The Principles of Social Freedom,” speech delivered by Victoria Woodhull, Nov. 20, 1871, reprinted in Stern, The Victoria Woodhull Reader.
11. “Are you a free lover?”: New York Herald, Nov. 21, 1871, p. 10.
12. “Most astonishing doctrine . . .”: New York Herald, Nov. 21, 1871, pp. 2, 10.
13. Confined to whispers all words . . .: Rugoff, Prudery and Passion, pp. 59–60.
14. “Demosthenes used to speak . . .”: The Independent, Nov. 23, 1871, p. 4.
15. Lecture dates were canceled . . .: WCW, Dec. 23, 1871, p. 11.
16. “Theodore Woodhull for President . . .”: Frank Leslie’s Budget of Fun, Jan. 1872, p. 2.
17. “Free love is not what I asked . . .”: SIU, VCW autobiographical notes.
18. Thirteen invitations to repeat . . .: WCW, Dec.9, 1871, p. 11.
NEW YORK CITY, DECEMBER 1871
Pages 156–63
1. In December 1871, the American sections . . .: Bernstein, p. 89.
2. Police published a terse statement . . .: New York Herald, Dec. 9, 1871, p. 10.
3. A group of marchers gathered . . .: The Sun, Dec. 11, 1871, p. 1.
4. “It would never do to suffer . . .”: The Sun, Dec. 11, 1871, p. 1; New York Herald, Dec. 10, 1871, p. 1.
5. “At 1:50 P.M. . ..”: The World, Dec. 11, 1871, p. 5.
6. Six Internationalists were carted . . .: New York Herald, Dec. 11, 1871, p. 3.
7. Victoria had been in Washington . . .: New York Herald, Dec. 9, 1871, p. 3.
8. “Wet blanket”: New York Herald, Dec. 9, 1871, p. 3.
9. Victoria was not allowed into . . .: The World, Dec. 9, 1871, p. 1.
10. Her section and Section 9 . . .: New York Herald, Dec. 12, 1871, p. 10; New York Herald, Dec. 16, 1871, p. 3.
11. Long before the scheduled . . .: The World, Dec. 18, 1871, p. 1.
12. The arrival of the two sisters . . .: The Sun, Dec. 18, 1871, p. 1.
13. The event’s grand marshalls . . .: The Sun, Dec. 18, 1871, p. 1; New York Herald, Dec. 18, 1871, p. 3; The New York Tribune, Dec. 18, 1871, p. 1.
14. “Elegance and bare decency” . . .: The World, Dec. 18, 1871, p. 1.
15. The grand marshals, attired in black . . .: The Sun, Dec. 18, 1871, p. 1.
16. “From the corner of Great Jones . . .”: The World, Dec. 18, 1871, p. 1.
17. The city’s thieves took advantage . . .: The World, Dec. 18, 1871, p. 1; The Sun, Dec. 18, 1871, p. 1.
18. “As the head of the procession . . .”: The World, Dec. 18, 1871, p. 1.
19. Once again speeches were demanded . . .: The Sun, Dec. 18, 1871, p. 1.
20. “Two or three policemen . . .”: The World, Dec. 18, 1871, p. 1.
21. Police Commissioner Henry Smith . . .: The World, Dec. 18, 1871, p. 1.
22. Section 12 had been ousted . . .: Bernstein, pp. 118–19; Gompers, pp. 20–21.
23. “The so-called reform parties . . .”: Herreshoff, p. 85.
WASHINGTON, D.C., JANUARY 1872
Pages 164–70
1. January saw . . .: The New York Tribune, Jan. 11, 1872, p. 1; The New York Tribune, Jan. 13, 1872, p. 1.
2. “Infuse fire and enthusiasm . . .”: The Washington Patriot, Jan. 11, 1872, reprinted in WCW, Jan. 27, 1872, p. 3.
3. She sat on the platform . . .: New York Herald, Jan. 11, 1872, p. 3; The Washington Patriot, Jan. 11, 1872, reprinted in WCW, Jan. 27, 1872, p. 3.
4. Throwing the matronly shawl . . .: The World, Jan. 12, 1872, p. 5; The New York Tribune, Jan. 12, 1872, p. 1; The Washington Patriot, Jan. 12, 1872, reprinted in WCW, Jan. 27, 1872, p. 5.
5. Just that fall . . .: Bernstein, p. 66; Gompers, p. 20.
6. Millions of immigrant workers . . .: Bernstein, p. 68.
7. “Women and girls were . . .”: The Sun, Feb. 21, 1872, p. 1.
8. “Forced to stand up . . .”: New York Herald, Feb. 21, 1872, p. 10.
9. “Prompt to the minute . . .”: The Sun, Feb. 21, 1872, p. 1; “A Speech on the Impending Revolution,” delivered by Victoria Claflin Woodhull, Feb. 20, 1872, reprinted in Stern, The Victoria Woodhull Reader; WCW, Nov. 1, 1873, p. 2.
10. Victoria turned and left the stage . . .: The Sun, Feb. 21, 1872, p. 1.
11. The crowd called for “Tennie” . . .: The World, Feb. 21, 1872, p. 5.
12. “Mrs. Victoria C. Woodhull . . .”: The New York Times, reprinted in WCW, March 16, 1872, p. 9.
13. On March 14, proof that the workers . . .: Gompers, p. 21
14. Section 12 of the IWA was formally . . .: Bernstein pp. 124, 128.
NEW YORK CITY, MAY 9, 1872
Pages 171–76
1. The Weekly announced the upcoming . . .: WCW, April 6, 1872, p. 8.
2. The rumor was that the new . . .: Vanderbilt, p. 46.
3. “The Death of Dr. Woodhull . . .”: The Sun, April 9, 1872, p. 1; The Sun, April 10, 1872, p. 3.
4. A reporter visited the Woodhull household . . .: The Sun, April 9, 1872, p. 1.
5. Now added to a rogues’ . . .: Sante, p. 97.
6. Victoria had billed the session . . .: WCW, April 6, 1872, p. 8.
7. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, who was presiding . . .: New York Herald, May 10, 1872, p. 5.
8. After a series of resolutions . . .: New York Herald, May 10, 1872, p. 5; The World, May 10, 1872, p. 2.
9. Loyal to this one issue . . .: The World, May 10, 1872, p. 2.
10. She was “for woman . . .”: New York Herald, May 10, 1872, p. 5.
11. Victoria advanced to the edge . . .: New York Herald, May 10, 1872, p. 5.
NEW YORK CITY, MAY 10, 1872
Pages 177–81
1. “The Congress of Schisms . . .”: The World, May 11, 1872, p
. 1.
2. About six hundred delegates . . .: New York Herald, May 11, 1872, p. 10.
3. “I believe that in what I am about . . .”: The Sun, May 11, 1872, p. 1.
4. “Women waved their handkerchiefs . . .”: The Sun, May 11, 1872, p. 1.
5. “Ladies and gentlemen” . . .: The Sun, May 11, 1872, p. 1.
6. Moses Hull stepped forward . . .: The Sun, May 11, 1872, p. 1.
7. “Perfect hubbub” . . .: The Sun, May 11, 1872, p. 1.
8. “A Piebald Presidency . . .”: New York Herald, May 11, 1872, p. 10.
9. “All the Women are Angels . . .”: The World, May 11, 1872, p. 2.
10. “Apollo Hall was a success . . .”: Harriet Beecher Stowe Center, IBH to ECS, May 12, 1872.
11. Republicans opposed to the reelection . . .: Foner, pp. 214, 216.
12. Theodore Tilton was among Greeley’s . . .: Hibben, p. 246; The New York Times, Sept. 14, 1872, p. 11.
13. By May, a national strike . . .: Bernstein, pp. 84–85.
BOSTON, SEPTEMBER 1872
Pages 182–87
1. Nomination was ratified . . .: The New York Tribune, June 7, 1872, p. 8.
2. She was broke . . .: The World, June 7, 1872, p. 5; Sachs, p. 166.
3. She was unable to keep her eleven-year-old . . .: SIU, VCW autobiographical notes; BM, Feb. 23, 1894, p. 127.
4. She had fallen out with Tilton . . .: WCW, Nov. 2, 1872; Shaplen, p. 158.
5. Tennie had announced . . .: The Sun, May 15, 1872, p. 1.
6. Tennie took her place in a large . . .: The Sun, June 14, 1872, p. 1.
7. Tennie’s association with the . . .: Sachs, p. 167.
8. “The proprietor” . . .: WCW, Oct. 18, 1873, p. 12.
9. “My Dear Sir . . .”: New York Herald, Aug. 22, 1874, p. 8; Lynch, “Boss” Tweed, p. 309.
10. Beecher later characterized the letter . . .: WCW, Aug. 29, 1874, p. 13.
11. Victoria, Blood, her two children . . .: Sachs, p. 167; BM, Feb. 23, 1894, p. 128.