bel hooks, Feminist Theory from Margin to Centre (Boston: South End Press, 1984).
Germaine Greer, The Female Eunuch (London: Paladin, 1971).
Juliet Mitchell, Woman’s Estate (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 146
1971) is essential reading for the ideas and strategies of ‘second-wave’
feminism; on consciousness-raising, see pp. 61–3. See also her Psychoanalysis and Feminism (London: Allen Lane, 1974) and Women: The Longest Revolution (London: Virago, 1984).
Shulamith Firestone, The Dialectic of Sex (New York: Morrow, 1970).
Kate Millet, Sexual Politics (Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1970).
Leslie B. Tanner (ed.), Voices from Women’s Liberation (New York: Signet Books/New American Library, 1971).
Susan Brownmiller, Against Our Will: Men, Women and Rape (New York: Bantam, 1976), especially pp. 5, 346, 348; see also Brownmiller’s In Our Time: Memoirs of a Revolution (London: Aurum Press, 2000), particularly the essay ‘Rape is a Political Crime Against Women’, pp. 194–224.
Catherine McKinnon, Only Words (London: HarperCollins, 1995), pp. 5, 28, 40.
Chapter 10
Referenc
Audre Lorde, ‘The Master’s Tools Will Never Dismantle the Master’s House’, in This Bridge Called My Back: Writings by Radical Women es
of Colour, ed. C. Moraga and F. Anzaldua (New York: Kitchen Table Press, 1983).
Ien Ang, ‘I’m a Feminist but . . . ’, in Transitions: New Australian Feminisms, ed. B. Caine and R. Pringle (Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 1995).
Mai Yaman (ed.), Feminism and Islam: Legal and Literary Perspectives (New York: New York University Press, 1996).
Reina Lewis and Sara Mills (eds.), Feminist Postcolonial Theory: A Reader (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2003); in particular, see Chandra Talpade Mohanty, ‘Under Western Eyes’, pp. 49–74; and Reina Lewis, ‘On Veiling, Vision and Voyage: Cross-Cultural Dressing and Narratives of Identity’, pp. 520–41.
‘Encountering Latin American and Caribbean Feminisms’, Sonia E.
Alvarez, Politics Department, University of California at Santa Cruz.
CA95064 ( sonia@cats.ucsc.edu).
Roads to Beijing: Fourth World Conference on Women in Latin America and the Caribbean (Quito: Ediciones Flora Tristan).
147
Barbara Ehrenreich and Arlie Russell Hochschild (eds.), Global Women: Nannies, Maids and Sex Workers in the New Economy (London: Granta Books, 2003).
Afterword
Natasha Walter, The New Feminism (London: Virago, 1999).
Naomi Wolf, Fire with Fire (London: Chatto and Windus, 1993).
Germaine Greer, The Whole Woman (London: Doubleday, 1999).
minism
Fe
148
Further Reading
Christine Bolt, Feminist Ferment: ‘The Woman Question’ in the USA and England, 1870–1940 (London: UCL Press, 1995) John Charvet, Feminism (London: Dent, 1982) Susan Faludi, Backlash: The Undeclared War Against Women (London: Chatto and Windus, 1992)
Estelle B. Freedman, No Turning Back: The History of Feminism and the Future of Women (London: Profile Books, 2002) Sarah Gamble (ed.), The Routledge Companion to Feminism and Postfeminism (London: Routledge, 2001) Germaine Greer, The Female Eunuch (London: MacGibbon and Kee, 1970)
Germaine Greer, The Whole Woman (London: Transworld Publishers, 2000)
Sandra Kemp and Judith Squires (eds.), Feminisms (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997)
Helena Kennedy, Eve Was Framed: Women and British Justice (London: Vintage, 2005)
Anne Koedt, Ellen Levine, and Anita Rapone (eds.), Radical Feminism (New York: Quadrangle/The New York Times Book Co., 1973)
Reina Lewis and Sara Mills (eds.), Feminist Postcolonial Theory (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2003)
Janet Price and Margrit Shildrick (eds.), Feminist Theory and the Body: A Reader (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1999) 149
Sheila Rowbotham, The Past is Before Us: Feminism in Action since the 1960s (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1990) Sheila Rowbotham, A Century of Women: The History of Women in Britain and the United States (London: Viking, 1997) Marsha Rowe (ed.), Spare Rib Reader (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1982)
Jennifer Mather Saul, Feminism: Issues and Arguments (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003)
Lynne Segal, Is the Future Female? Troubled Thoughts on Contemporary Feminism (London: Virago Press, 1987) Lynne Segal, Why Feminism? (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1999) Bonnie G. Smith, Global Feminisms since 1945 (London: Routledge, 2000)
minism
Fe
150
Index
Bernard of Clairvaux 6
Besant, Annie 66–7, 91
Bible 9–10, 11, 18
A
Billington, Teresa 77, 78, 82–3,
83
abortion 94, 99, 108, 110, 120,
black Americans 46, 102,
121, 123, 130
105
academic feminism 139–41
Blackwell, Elizabeth 60–1,
Adam and Eve 9, 10, 18
63–4
Adams, John 30
Blood, Fanny 31
adultery 48, 131
Bodichon, Eugene 58
Africa 125
Bolshevik Revolution 134
Algren, Nelson 101
Bourigue, Antonia 13
Amberley, Lady 74
Bradlaugh, Charles 91
Amin, Ghassem, Freedom of
Bradstreet, Anne 18
Women 129
Brazil 118, 121, 122
Anabaptists 15
Bright, Jacob 75
Ang, Ien 117
Brontë, Charlotte 49, 55
Anger, Jane 9
Brontë sisters 47
anorexia 110
Brown, Rita Mae 107
Anthony, Susan B. 77
Browne, Stella 94
anti-slavery movement 46, 58
Brownmiller, Susan, Against
arson 80
Our Will 114–15
Ascham, Roger 17
Bryant and May 66–7, 91
Astell, Mary 26–9, 42
Bunyan, John 11
Astor, Lady 87
Burney, Fanny 39, 47
The Athenaeum 1
Butler, Josephine 64–6
Austen, Jane 39, 47
Australia 73
C
Cambridge University 62, 63,
B
90
Barrett Browning, Elizabeth 57
cancer 110
beauty contests 4, 108, 109,
Carlyle, Thomas 70
125
Carmichael, Stokely 105
Beauvoir, Simone de 98–101
Cavendish, Elizabeth see
Becker, Lydia 72, 75
Newcastle, Duchess of
Bedford College, London 62,
charity schools 28
63
child custody 48, 58, 88, 130,
Behn, Aphra 24–5
131
151
childcare 2, 20, 108
domestic violence 120, 121, 122
children 36, 44, 121
Drummond, Flora 77
guardianship of 88, 89
Dworkin, Andrea 115–16
civil service 88, 90
Civil War 13, 18
E
class struggle 106, 118, 133
education 17–18, 31
Cobbe, Frances Power 54, 61,
eighteenth century 31
69, 74
eighteenth century writers
colonialism 118–19
on 30, 32, 34–5
‘consciousness-raising’ 110,
Josephine Butler on 64
112, 114
Langham Place group 59, 61,
Contagious Diseases Acts
62–3
(1864, 1866, 1869) 64,
Marion Reid on 42
65–6
Mary Astell on 27–9
contraception 91–4, 108, 110,
middle class 31, 54
121, 123, 130
in Muslim countries 130
convents 6, 28
Reformation and 9, 28
cosmetic surgery 110
in ‘Third World’ 120
Cowley, Hannah 35
university 62–3, 90, 130
Crimean War 50–2
minism
Virginia Woolf on 94–5
Fe
Cromwell, Oliver 14
Egypt 127, 129
Eliot, George 55, 57, 59
D
Elizabeth I, Queen 17
The Daily Chronicle 1
Ellison, Grace, An English
Daily Mail 75
Woman in a Turkish
Davies, Emily 61–3, 71, 74
Harem 123, 125, 127
Davis, Lady Eleanor 13–14
employment 2
Davison, Emily Wilding 82
exploitation 66–7
Denmark 73
health care 50–2, 57, 58,
Denny, Lord 20
60–1, 63–4, 86, 129
Diaz, President Porfirio 119
Langham Place group on 56,
dieting 110
57, 59–62
Din, Naxira Zain al 127
middle class 56
Disraeli, Benjamin 43
professional 88
Dissenters 10, 31
war-time 86
divorce 47, 88, 120, 130, 131
encuentros 122–3
Divorce Reform Act (1857) 49
engagements 58
doctors 57, 58, 60–1, 63–4, 129
England 106, 107, 114, 129
152
English Women’s Journal
Garrett, Elizabeth 61, 63–4, 72,
59–60, 61
83
equality 15, 19, 86, 108, 138
Gaskell, Mrs Elizabeth 55, 57
Friedan on 102
Gates, Reginald 91, 93
Kollontai on 135
Genet, Jean 105
Mill on 46, 47
genital mutilation 123, 124,
Muslim countries 129–30
125
NUSEC 87, 88
Germany 1, 7
Thompson on 44
Girton College, Cambridge
Evans, Katherine and Chevers,
62–3
Sarah 11
Gissing, George 55
Evans, Mary Ann (George
Gladstone, William 75
Eliot) 55, 57, 59
Godwin, William 36, 38, 40
Gothic novels 39, 40
F
Gouges, Olympe de 34
Gournay, Marie de 19
Faludi, Susan 137
Greer, Germaine:
Fell, Margaret 11–12
The Female Eunuch 106
The Female Eunuch (Greer)
The Whole Woman 138
In
106
dex
Griffin, Susan, Pornography
The Feminine Mystique
and Silence 114
(Friedan) 102
Grimke, Sarah and Angelina
femininity 33–5, 41, 49, 52, 56,
46
99, 101, 115
groups 108–14, 122–3, 132, 136
Ferrier, Susan 47
Ladies National Association
fiction, see novels
64–6
Fifth Monarchists 13, 14
‘Ladies of Langham Place’
Firestone, Shulamith 106, 112
49, 56–64, 71–4
First World War 85, 86
WSPU (Women’s Social and
Fisk, Robert 140–1
Political Union) 75–7
France 129
guardianship 88, 89
Freedman, Estelle 3
French Revolution 38, 44
Freud, Sigmund 105
H
Friedan, Betty 102–3, 107
Hamun, Zegreb, A Turkish
Woman’s European
G
Impressions 125, 127
Galindo de Topete, Hermila
Hardie, Keir 78
119–20
harems 123, 125, 127
153
health issues 110, 121
Khomeini, Ayatollah 130
‘hembrismo’ 119
Killigrew, Thomas 25
Hildegard of Bingen 6–7
Knight, Anne 68
hooks, bell 102, 105
Kollontai, Alexandra 134, 135
Houses of Parliament 15–16,
71, 73, 74, 75, 87, 88, 127
L
housework 2, 9, 16, 42, 59, 87,
Ladies National Association
106, 134, 138
64–6
human rights 97
Langham Place group 49,
hunger strikers 78, 83, 84
56–64, 71–4
Hunt, Henry ‘Orator’ 69
Lanyer, Aemilia 9–10
Lanzmann, Claude 101
I
Latin America 118, 119, 134
Imlay, Gilbert 38
Lawal, Amina 125, 126
immigrants 134–6
Lawrence, D. H. 105
industrial action 108, 132
Leigh Smith, Barbara 57–9, 61,
Infants Custody Act (1838) 48
62, 71–2
international conferences 97,
Lennox, Duke of 15
122, 123, 133
lesbian feminism 107, 114
minism
International Women’s Day
Levellers 15–16
Fe
133–4
local government 87–8
Internet 139
London Society for Women’s
Interregnum 13, 14
Suffrage 72
Iran 129, 130–1
Lorde, Audre 117
Islam fundamentalists 125
lunacy 13–14
Lytton, Lady Constance 83
J
M
Jameson, Anna 58
Joel (prophet) 12–13
Macaulay, Catherine 30–1
Johnson, Dr 30
Macaulay, Rose 89
Johnson, Joseph 32
‘machismo’ 119, 122
Johnston, Jill 107
McKinnon, Catherine 115–16
Julian of Norwich 7–8
magazines 88–9, 91, 105, 119
‘mail-order’ brides 134
Mailer, Norman 105
K
Makin, Bathsua 18
Kempe, Margery 8
male suffrage 69, 70
Kenney, Annie 77, 83, 85
Malthusian League 91
154
Mama, Amina 125
Mitchell, Juliet 106, 112
Manley, Mary 23–4
Mitchell, Juliet and Oakley,
marital rape 122
Ann 3, 137
Markham, Violet 71
MLF (Mouvement de
marriage 28, 30, 36, 39, 55, 88,
Libération des Femmes)
92, 106, 130, see also
99
property rights
modesty 11, 16, 20–1, 30
marriage law 45, 53, 58–9
Mohanty, Chandra Talpade 118
Married Women’s Property
Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley
Committee 58–9, 61
Martineau, Harriet 52–4, 60,
morality 16
64, 71
More, Hannah 35
maternal death rate 120–1
motherhood 7–8, 59, 89, 93,
Matrimonial Causes Act
97, 120–1
(1923) 88
Mott, Lucretia 46, 58
medicine, see doctors; nursing
MPs (Members of Parliament)
Melbou
rne, Lord 48
87, 88
Meredith, George 55
Ms magazine 105
Mexico 119–20
Muslim countries 123–32
Index
middle-class women 31, 40
consciousness-raising 112,
114
N
education 62
Navarre, Marguerite de 19
employment 56
Netherlands 73
myth 106
New Left activists 104
second-wave feminism 102,
New Zealand 73
117
Newcastle, Elizabeth
single women 59
Cavendish, Duchess of 18,
Women’s Liberation
20–3
movement 108
Nigeria 4, 125
militancy 80–4
Nightingale, Florence 49–52,
Mill, James 44, 45
64, 70–1
Mill, John Stuart 43, 44, 45–7,
Norton, Caroline 48–9, 53, 55
68–9, 71, 72
novels 32–3, 36, 38–40, 39, 47,
Miller, Henry 105
55, see also writers
Millett, Kate 105
NOW (National Organization
misogyny 3, 19
of Women) 102, 107
Miss World Contest, see beauty
nursing 50–2, 86
contests
NUSEC (National Union of
155
Societies for Equal
political rights 44, 45, 46, 47,
Citizenship) 87, 88
61, 130, 133, see also
suffrage
O
politics 87–8, 105
Pope, Alexander 24–5
Orbach, Susie, Fat is a
pornography 114, 115, 131
Feminist Issue 110
Potter, Beatrix 71
Osborne, Dorothy 23
poverty 134
Oxford University 63, 90,
preachers 10, 11–12
108
pregnancy 8
press 1, 4, 75, 90
P
Prisoners’ Temporary
Pankhurst, Adela 83
Discharge Bill 83
Pankhurst, Christabel 75,
professions 88, see also
77–8, 83, 85, 87
doctors; teaching
Pankhurst, Emmeline 75, 77,
propaganda 78–9, 91
80, 81, 83, 85
property rights 42–3, 44, 48–9,
Pankhurst, Richard 72, 75
54, 58–9, 61, 69–70, see
Pankhurst, Sylvia 78, 80, 85,
also marriage
86
prophecy 12–14
minism
Fe
Parkes, Bessie Rayner 57–8,
prostitution 64–6, 88, 134
59, 61
public speaking 74
parliament, see Houses of
Puerto Rica 120
Parliament
patriarchy 105, 119
Q
Paul, St 9
Quakers 10–11, 16, 17, 46, 68
pay and conditions 66–7, 88,
Queen’s College, London 62,
91, 108, 121
63
Pepys, Samuel 22
Qur’an 131
Peru 121
Pethick Lawrence, Fred
and Emmeline 77, 78,
R