Papers for the China Trip, Briefing Book V, NARA, From the NPM–NSC Files, For the President’s Files (Winston Lord) China/Vietnam Negotiations, Box 847
26 NPM, White House Special Files, President’s Personal Files, Box 7, Folder ‘China Notes’, 15 February 1972; Memorandum of Conversation, 22 February 1972, 2.10 p.m.–6.00 p.m., NSA, Nixon’s Trip to China: Records Now Completely Declassified, Doc. 1, pp. 4—5, 23; Memorandum of Conversation, 24 February 1972, 5.15 p.m.–8.05 p.m., NSA, Nixon’s Trip to China: Records Now Completely Declassified, Doc. 3, p. 6
27 Memorandum of Conversation, 24 February 1972, 5.15 p.m.–8.05 p.m., NSA, Nixon’s Trip to China: Records Now Completely Declassified, Doc. 3, pp. 10—12; Memorandum of Conversation, 22 February 1972, 2.10 p.m.–6.00 p.m., NSA, Nixon’s Trip to China: Records Now Completely Declassified, Doc. 1, p. 6
28 Memorandum of Conversation, 28 February 1972, 8.30 a.m.–9.30 a.m., NSA, Nixon’s Trip to China: Records Now Completely Declassified, Doc. 7, pp. 8-10
CHAPTER 16: INDOCHINA
1 NPM, White House Special Files, President’s Personal Files, Box 7, Folder ‘China Notes’, 15 February 1972, p. 23
2 Bundy pp. 78—9; Morris, pp. 12—15
3 Telecon, The President/Mr Kissinger, NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 145, Doc.7, p. 3; Memorandum from Henry A. Kissinger to the President, 8 February 1972, Indochina, p. 4: Briefing Papers for the China Trip, Briefing Book V, NARA, From the NPM–NSC Files, For the President’s Files (Winston Lord) China/Vietnam Negotiations, Box 847
4 Briefing Papers for the China Trip, Memorandum for the President from Henry A. Kissinger, 8 February 1972, Indochina/Vietnam, n.p., Briefing Book V, From the NPM–NSC Files, For the President’s Files (Winston Lord) China/Vietnam Negotiations, Box 847; Li Danhui, p. 187
5 Memorandum of Conversation, 9 July 1971, Afternoon and Evening, NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 66, Doc. 34, p. 26; Westad et al ., p. 20; Yang Kuisong, p. 33; Qiang Zhai, China and the Vietnam Wars, p. 135
6 Westad, ‘History Memory, and the Languages of Alliance-Making’, in Westad et al ., pp. 10—11
7 Chen Jian, ‘China’s Involvement in the Vietnam War’, p. 385; Li Danhui, p. 177
8 Memorandum of Conversation, 22 February 1972, 2.10 p.m.–6.00 p.m., NSA, Nixon’s Trip to China: Records Now Completely Declassified, Doc. 1, p. 21; Walters, p. 546; Mann, p. 39
9 Memorandum of Conversation, 9 July 1971, Afternoon and Evening, NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 66, Doc. 34, pp. 21—5, 30—4; Memorandum of Conversation, 10 July 1971, Afternoon, NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 66, Doc. 35, pp. 10, 23—4
10 Memorandum of Conversation, 21 October 1971, 10.30 a.m.–1.45 p.m., NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 70, Doc. 11, p. 17; Memorandum of Conversation, 21 October 1971, 4.42 p.m.–7.17 p.m., NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 70, Doc. 12, p. 21; Memorandum for the President from Henry A. Kissinger, Your Encounter with the Chinese, 5 February 1972, p. 6; Briefing Papers for the China Trip, Briefing Book V, From the NPM–NSC Files, For the President’s Files (Winston Lord) China/Vietnam Negotiations, Box 847
11 Memorandum of Conversation, 9 July 1971, Afternoon and Evening, NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 66, Doc. 34, pp. 33—4
12 My Talks with Chou En-lai, Memorandum for the President from Henry A. Kissinger, NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 66, Doc. 40, pp. 15—16; Zhai, China and the Vietnam Wars, p. 196; Westad et al ., p. 178
13 Yum, p. 75; Barnouin and Yu, p. 189
14 Zhai, China and the Vietnam Wars, pp. 197—8; Li Danhui, p. 194
15 Zhai, China and the Vietnam Wars, pp. 200 n. 38, 201
16 Memorandum of Conversation, 22 February 1972, 2.10 p.m.–6.00 p.m., NSA, Nixon’s Trip to China: Records Now Completely Declassified, Doc. 1, pp. 22—7; Memorandum of Conversation, 24 February 1972, 5.15 p.m.–8.05 p.m., NSA, Nixon’s Trip to China: Records Now Completely Declassified, Doc. 3, pp. 16—17
17 Memorandum of Conversation, 24 February 1972, 5.15 p.m.–8.05 p.m., NSA, Nixon’s Trip to China: Records Now Completely Declassified, Doc. 3, pp. 22-3
18 Ibid., pp. 16—19; Memorandum of Conversation, 28 February 1972, 8.30 a.m.–9.30 a.m., NSA, Nixon’s Trip to China: Records Now Completely Declassified, Doc. 7, p. 8; Green, Holdridge and Stokes, p. 130: Haig, p. 261
19 Li Danhui, pp. 198—9, 199—202
20 Zhai, China and the Vietnam Wars, pp. 212—13
CHAPTER 17: HALDEMAN’S MASTERPIECE
1 Rather and Gates, p. 245; Globe and Mail, 28 February 2006
2 Kalb, p. 274; Haldeman, Diaries, pp. 363—4
3 Chancellor, p. 94
4 Cronkite, p. 324; Haldeman, Diaries, p. 419; Haldeman, DVD, 25 February 1972; Globe and Mail, 25 February 1972; Memorandum of Conversation, 26 February 1972, NSA, Record of Historic Richard Nixon–Chou En-lai Talks in February 1972, Doc. 6, p. 5
5 Halstead, p. 10
6 Haldeman, Diaries, p. 364; NPM, White House Special Files, Staff Member and Office Files, Dwight Chapin Files, Box 26
7 Ambrose, Nixon: Education, pp. 95, 585—6; Summers, p. 36; Ehrlichman, pp. 56—8; Walker, p. 183
8 Safire, p. 607; Ehrlichman, pp. 55—6; Hersh, p. 109; Summers, p. 35
9 Osborne, p. 29; Thomas, Front Row, p. 190; Reeves, p. 451; author interview with Zhang Hanzhi
10 Memorandum of Conversation, 22 February 1972, 2.10 p.m.–6.00 p.m., NSA, Nixon’s Trip to China: Records Now Completely Declassified, Doc. I, p. I
11 Witke, Comrade Chiang Ch’ing, pp. 46–50; Witke, ‘The Last Days of Madame Mao’, pp. 142, 144; Terrill, pp. 17–22
12 Witke, Comrade Chiang Ch’ing, p. 187; Terrill, pp. 135–6; Chang and Halliday, pp. 204-6
13 Li Zhisui, pp. 144, 254-60, 347-51, 370-1; Jin, pp.144-5
15 Terrill, pp. 237, 239-41; 250-3
16 Author interview with Zhang Hanzhi; Chang and Halliday, p. 627; RN, p. 570; Witke, Comrade Chiang Ch’ing, p. 370
17 RN, p. 570; Haldeman, Diaries, p. 417; Walker, p. 40
18 Haldeman, Diaries, p. 418; Fang and Fang, pp. 117–18; RN, pp. 572, 577
19 Lovell, pp. 10-13, ch. 6, and passim
20 Cronkite, pp. 322–3; Kraft, p. 31; Chen and Lin, p. 313; Lovell, p. 11
21 Kraft, pp. 31–2
22 Haldeman, Diaries, p. 419; Haldeman, DVD, 25 February 1972; Kalb, pp. 276–7; author interview with John Burns
23 Memorandum of Conversation, 25 February 1972, 5.45 p.m.–6.45 p.m., NSA, Record of Historic Richard Nixon–Chou En-lai Talks in February 1972, Doc. 5; Lilley pp. 167–8
24 Halstead, pp. 8–9; Kalb, p. 277; Walker, pp. 47, 154; Kraft, p. 34; Globe and Mail, 26 February 1972
CHAPTER 18: AUDIENCE REACTIONS
1 Doran and Lee, p. 730; USOH, Supplement, Galloway
2 Kraft, p. 29
3 Gaiduk, p. 228; WHY, pp. 172–3, 192–3, 268, 688; Arbatov, p. 180
4 Gaiduk, p. 229; Dobrynin, pp. 208, 217–18; WHY, pp. 731, 737; p. 8; Memorandum for the President, 14 July 1971, NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 66, Doc. 40, p. 8
5 Dobrynin, pp. 218–19, 225; Soviet Press Comments on President Nixon’s Visit to China, 30 July 1971, PRO, FCO 21/824; Wishnick, Mending Fences, p. 59; Arbatov, pp. 180–2
6 Dobrynin, pp. 226–8; WHY, p. 766; FRUS, Foundations, pp. 327–8
7 Bundy pp. 250–9; Strober and Strober, p. 132; Su, Chi, p. 562 n. 14
8 FRUS, Foundations, p. 353; Schaller, pp. 2–3; WHY, pp. 321–5; Memorandum of Conversation, 22 October 1971, NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 70, Doc. 13, p. 22
9 Schaller, p. 7; Bundy, pp. 142–4; Hersh, pp. 380–1; Giffard, pp. 170–1
10 Schaller, ‘The Nixon “Shocks”‘, pp. 8–9
11 Schaller, ‘The Nixon “Shocks”‘, pp. 11–12; Johnson, p. 554; Brown interview, PCC transcripts, I/V, pp. 9–10
12 Schaller, ‘The Nixon “Shocks”‘, p. 12; USOH, Freeman
13
Hoff, pp. 140–1; Reeves, p. 341; Schaller, ‘The Nixon “Shocks”‘, p. 16
14 Memorandum of Conversation, 22 October 1971, 4.40 p.m.–7.10 p.m., NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 70, Doc. 13, p. 23; NPM, National Security Council Files, January 1972, Japan SATO San Clemente, Box 925, VIP Visits
15 Schaller, ‘The Nixon “Shocks”‘, p. 17
16 Bachrack, pp. 261, 265; Tucker, ‘Taiwan Expendable?’, p. 129
17 Shen (Myers, ed.), pp. 70, 73–7; Tucker, ‘Taiwan Expendable?’, pp. 127, 132, 134; Mann interview, PCC transcripts, I/V, roll 43, p. 13
18 Taylor, p. 307; Garver, Sino-American Alliance, pp. 276–7
19 Memorandum of Conversation, 23 October 1971, 9.05 p.m.–10.05 p.m., NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 70, Doc. 14, p. 2; Tucker, ‘Taiwan Expendable?’, p. 126; Walters, p. 546; author interview with Richard Solomon; Taylor, p. 308
20 Jacobs, p. 102; Shen (Myers, ed.), p. 79; Garver, Sino-American Alliance, p. 275; Kalb, p. 282; Taylor, p. 309
21 Doran and Lee, p. 696; USOH, Supplement, Gleysteen
CHAPTER 19: THE SHANGHAI COMMUNIQUE
1 Haldeman, DVD, 26 February 1972
2 Haldeman, Diaries, p. 418; Globe and Mail, 26 February 1972; Memorandum of Conversation, 21 February 1972, 4.15 p.m.–5.30 p.m., p. 9, and Memorandum of Conversation, 25 February 1972, 9.34 a.m.–10.58 a.m., p. 10, NPM, National Security Council Files, HAK Office Files, Country Files–Far East, Box 92, Dr Kissinger’s Meetings in the PRC during the Presidential Visit, February 1972
3 Kissinger, WHY, p. 1081; Memorandum of Conversation, 25 February 1972, 5.45 p.m.–6.45 p.m., NSA, Record of Historic Richard Nixon–Chou En-lai Talks in February 1972, Doc. 5, pp. 1–2; Memorandum of Conversation, Saturday, 26 February 1972, NSA, Record of Historic Richard Nixon–Chou En-lai Talks in February 1972, Doc 6; Memorandum of Conversation, 25 February 1972, 4.50 p.m.–5.25 p.m., and Memorandum of Conversation, 25–26 February 1972, 10.30 p.m.–1.40 a.m., NPM, National Security Council Files, HAK Office Files, Country Files–Far East, Box 92, Dr Kissinger’s Meetings in the PRC during the Presidential Visit, February 1972
4 RN, p. 571; WHY, pp. 1074–80
5 Ma Jisen, pp. 80-1, 88, 376–8, 379–80; Qiang, China and the Vietnam Wars, p. 100; WHY, p. 1054; Zhang Hanzhi, p. 10
6 Memorandum of Conversation, 24 February 1972, 9.59 a.m.–12.42 a. m., pp. 6, 19, NPM, National Security Council Files, HAK Office Files, Country 2 Files–Far East, Box 92, Dr Kissinger’s Meetings in the PRC during the Presidential Visit, February 1972; WHY, p. 1077
7 Memorandum of Conversation, Thursday, 24 February 1972, 9.59 a.m.–12.42 a.m., p. 22, NPM, National Security Council Files, HAK Office Files, Country Files–Far East, Box 92, Dr Kissinger’s Meetings in the PRC during the Presidential Visit, February 1972
8 Memorandum of Conversation, Tuesday, 22 February 1972, 10.05 a.m.–11.55 a.m., pp. 7–9, 10; Memorandum of Conversation, 24 February 1972, 9.59 a.m.–12.42 a.m., pp. 18, 20, NPM, National Security Council Files, HAK Office Files, Box 92, Country Files–Far East, Dr Kissinger’s Meetings in the PRC during the Presidential Visit, February 1972
9 USOH, Supplement, Gleysteen; Garver, Sino-American Alliance, pp. 271–2
10 Memorandum of Conversation, Thursday, 24 February 1972, 9.59 a.m.– 12.42 a. m, p. 19, and Memorandum of Conversation, Friday, 25 February 1972, 9.34 a.m.-10.58 a.m., pp. 7–8, NPM, National Security Council Files, HAK Office Files, Box 92, Country Files–Far East, Dr Kissinger’s Meetings in the PRC during the Presidential Visit, February 1972; Haldeman, Diaries, pp. 419–21; RN, p. 572
11 Haldeman, DVD, 25 and 26 February 1972; Memorandum of Conversation, Tuesday, 22 February 1972, 10.05 a.m.–11.55 a.m., p. 7, NPM, National Security Council Files, HAK Office Files, Box 92, Country Files–Far East, Dr Kissinger’s Meetings in the PRC during the Presidential Visit, February 1972
12 RN, p. 573; Globe and Mail, 28 February 1972
13 Thomas, Front Row, p. 190; New York Times, 27 February 1972; Globe and Mail, 28 February 2006; Osborne, p. 29; WHY, p. 1082; Kraft, pp. 35–6
14 Tyler, pp. 138–9; USOH, Green, ch. VI
15 Tucker, China Confidential, p. 274; USOH, Green, ch. VI
16 USOH, Green, ch. VI; WHY, p. 1083; Tyler, p. 140
17 Memorandum of Conversation, Saturday, 26 February–Sunday, 27 February 1972, 10.20 p.m.–1.40 a.m., NPM, National Security Council Files, HAK Office Files, Box 92, Country Files–Far East, NSC, NPM, Dr Kissinger’s Meetings in the PRC during the Presidential Visit, February 1972; WHY, pp. 1083–4; author interview with Zhang Hanzhi
18 USOH, Green, ch. VI; Haldeman, Diaries, p. 422
19 USOH, Green, ch. VI; Globe and Mail, 28 February 1972
20 Kraft, p. 37; Zhang Hanzhi, p. 256; Globe and Mail, 28 February 1972; New York Times, 28 February 1972
21 Globe and Mail, 28 February 1972; New York Times, 28 February 1972; Memorandum of Conversation, 23 February 1972, 2.00 p.m.–6.00 p.m., NSA, Nixon’s Trip to China: Records Now Completely Declassified, Doc. 2, pp. 14-15
22 Memorandum of Conversation, 27 February 1972, 11.30 a.m.-1.55 p.m., pp. 7–8, 10–11, NPM, National Security Council Files, HAK Office 10 Files, Country Files–Far East, Box 92, Dr Kissinger’s Meetings in the PRC during the Presidential Visit, February 1972; Green, Holdridge and Stokes, pp. 146-7
23 Kalb, pp. 280–1; Kraft, pp. 38–9; Halstead, p. 10; New York Times, 28 February 1972; USOH, Green, ch. VI; Haldeman, Diaries, p. 422; Tyler, p. 143
24 Memorandum of Conversation, 25 February 1972, 4.50 p.m.–5.25 p.m., p. 6, NPM, National Security Council Files, HAK Office Files, Country Files–Far East, Box 92, Dr Kissinger’s Meetings in the PRC during the Presidential Visit, February 1972; Zhang Hanzhi, pp. 251–2; author interview with Zhang Hanzhi
25 Tyler, p. 143; WHY, p. 1069
26 Memorandum of Conversation, Sunday, 27 February–Monday, 28 February 1972,11.05 p.m.–12.30 a.m., pp. 1–3, NPM, National Security Council Files, HAK Office Files, Country Files–Far East, Box 92, Dr Kissinger’s Meetings in the PRC during the Presidential Visit, February 1972
27 Haldeman, Diaries, p. 422; WHY, p. 1086
28 Cronkite, p. 325; author interview with Zhang Hanzhi
29 Memorandum of Conversation, Monday 28 February 1972, 8.30 a.m.-9.30 a.m., NSA, Record of Historic Richard Nixon–Chou En-lai Talks in February 1972, Doc. 7, pp. 3–5, 8–11
30 Holdridge, p. 95; Reeves, p. 457; Haldeman, DVD, 28 February 1972; Halstead, p. 10
31 Globe and Mail, 28 February 1972; Zhang Hanzhi, p. 256; USOH, Freeman; Halstead, p. 10; Haldeman, DVD, 28 February 1972
32 Holdridge, pp. 98–102; USOH, Green, ch. VII; Taylor, p. 308; USOH, Freeman; Welfield, p. 310; Doran and Lee, pp. 710, 731
33 Chancellor, p. 91; Haldeman, Diaries, p. 423
CONCLUSION
1 Life, 72/9 (10 March 1972), pp. 11–12; Foot, Practice of Power, p. 107; Tyler, pp. 143-4
2 Hamilton, p. 117; Bundy, pp. 314–21; WHY, pp. 1118–19, 1122, 1142, 1146; RN, pp. 881–3; Kozyrev, pp. 267–76
3 Bundy, pp. 322–7; Burr, ed. Kissinger Transcripts, pp. 68–70; Wang Zhongchun, pp. 158–64; Memorandum for the President from Henry A. Kissinger, 2 March 1973; Memorandum for the President from Henry A. Kissinger, 19 November 1973,NSA, China and the United States, i960–1998, Doc. CH00259 and Doc. CH00277
4 Shen (Myers, ed.), pp. 13, 184–5
5 Holdridge, pp. 118–21, 124–6
6 Haldeman, Diaries, p. 472
7 Reeves, pp. 519–20, 526
8 Ibid., pp. 527, 531-2
9 Ibid., pp. 558–9
10 Kissinger, Years of Upheaval, p. 122; Isaacson, p. 503
11 RN, p. 1076; Kissinger, Years of Upheaval, p. 1210
12 Harding, pp. 48, 64
13 Memorandum for the President from Henry A. Kissinger, 19 November 1973, NSA, China and the United States, Doc. CH00277, pp. 4–5; Shambaugh, p. 177; Li Zhisui, pp. 580–1, 584–5
14 Li Zhisui, pp. 572–3, 582–3; author interv
iew with Kissinger
15 Holdridge, pp. 143–50; Short, Mao, pp. 606–11
16 Short, Mao, pp. 621–2; USOH, Supplement, Gleysteen; Nixon, Leaders, p. 239
17 Ma Jisen, pp. 379–86; Short, Mao, pp. 620–4
18 Barmé, pp. 8-9, 22, 43, 46, 52, 196, 211
19 Ma Jisen, pp. 389-90, 399-400
20 Isaacson, pp. 708–9; ch. 33 passim
21 Kissinger, Years of Upheaval, p. 1212; RN, p. 1083; Summers, p. 485
22 Brodie, p. 470; Summers, pp. ix–xi; New York Times, 28 April 1994
23 Crowley, p. 159
24 Tyler, pp. 275–8
25 Crowley, p. 159; Wall Street Journal, 20 April 2006
26 Mann, chs. 1 and 2; Bundy, pp. 523–4; Memorandum of Conversation, Monday, 21 February 1972, 4.15 p.m.–5.30 p.m., NPM, National Security Council Files, HAK Office Files, Box 92, Country Files–Far East, Dr Kissinger’s Meetings in the PRC during the Presidential Visit, February 1972, p. 4
27 Memorandum of Conversation, 20 October 1971, 4.40 p.m.–7.10 p.m., NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 70, Doc. 10; Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country
Bibliography
ARCHIVAL SOURCES
United Kingdom
Public Record Office, Surrey (PRO)
Foreign and Commmonwealth Office (FCO) 21: 818, 823, 824, 825, 828, 833,
982, 983
United States
The American Presidency Project
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/index.php
The Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States (Public Papers found on The American Presidency Project – or also at http://www.gpo access.gov/pubpapers/index.html
National Archives and Records Administration (NARA)
Nixon Presidential Materials Project (NPM) [Archives II (College Park, Maryland), 2006; by 2008 these materials will be in the Nixon Presidential Library, Yorba Linda, California]
National Security Council Files (NSC)
White House Special Files, Staff Member and Office Files, Dwight
Chapin Files, Box 28
Japan SATO San Clemente, Box 925
‘For the President’s Files (Winston Lord) China/Vietnam Negotiations’:
Box 846, Box 847, Box 850
HAK Office Files: Country Files – Far East, Box 92