Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center (Chantilly), 330
Stonewall riots, 51
Strategic Defense Initiative (“Star Wars”), 232–33
STS-1 mission, 122–23, 127
STS-2 mission, 124–25, 127
STS-7 mission, xxi, 140, 142, 144, 151, 155–66, 173, 183, 222, 235, 241, 266, 275, 277, 317
crew selection for, 127–29, 130, 133
full-crew press conferences on, 131–33, 143, 147–50
launch in, 155–59, 195, 313, 331, 334
media attention over SKR’s role in, 130–33, 147, 148–49, 150–51, 155, 159, 164, 168–70, 172, 174, 175
official postflight NASA tours for, 171–76, 179–86, 195, 218
prelaunch prep and quarantine for, xvi, 152–55, 168
return landing in, 165–66, 168, 170
spaceflight of, 159–65, 203, 233
SKR in training for, 132, 134–38, 140, 149, 150, 168
SKR’s job responsibilities on, 135, 157, 160, 161
SKR’s PPK for, 144–46
STS-8 mission, 127, 130
STS-9 mission, 130
STS-41D mission, 188
STS-41G mission, 189–91, 230
STS-51G mission, 191
STS-51L mission, see Challenger explosion
STS-61C mission, 199
STS-135 mission, 329
subatomic neutrino particles, 42
submarines, 232
Sulem, Anna Rumpel, 5
Sulem, Sylvester, 5
Sullivan, Kathy, 105, 107, 108, 110, 133, 144–45, 146, 170, 189–90, 212, 317–18, 327, 329
Summers, Larry, 270
Sun, 243
total eclipse of, 118–19
Swarthmore College, 25, 28–29, 30–31, 32–38, 39, 42, 44, 46, 235, 244, 326
Swift, Jane, 266, 276
Switzer, Katherine, 151
T-38s, 102–3, 108, 117, 118, 123, 137, 140, 144, 147, 152, 153, 189, 328
Talbott, Strobe, 231
Tass (Soviet news agency), 146–47
Technology Assessment Advisory Council, 248
Teets, Rich, 57, 58
tennis, xiv, xxiii, 15–16, 20–22, 27–28, 30–31, 33, 39–40, 46–48, 52, 55–56, 83, 90, 107, 113, 116, 121, 152, 235, 237, 239, 266, 269, 289, 299, 313, 319, 322
battle of the sexes match in, 56, 150
at Swarthmore College, 29, 35–36, 38
Tam O’Shaughnessy’s career in, 193–95, 196, 290–91
TennisAmerica camp, 54–56
Tereshkova, Valentina, 70–71, 159
terrorism, 250, 265
Thagard, Norm, 103, 130, 134, 172
Third Planet (Ride and O’Shaughnessy), 253, 254
Thirty-five New Guys (TFNG), 96, 97, 98–99, 100, 101–2, 103, 110, 113–14, 119, 123, 138, 140, 183, 203, 229, 268, 317, 326, 327, 330
bonding and camaraderie of, 97, 98, 114, 120
crew selection and, 110–12, 130, 133
female classmates of, 94, 104–5, 106–10
official announcement and press conference of, 94–95, 105, 203
rookie flights of, 126–27, 130, 133
Thurmond, Strom, 142
Time, 149, 151, 231
Title IX, 21, 38, 265
Today show, 141–42
Tompkins, John, 40–41, 42, 43–44, 48–50, 51, 53, 55, 82, 118, 266
Tonight Show, The, 150–51
To Space and Back (Ride and Okie), 221–22, 223
Touched by an Angel (TV show), 299
Townsend, John, 232, 234
TOYchallenge, 274, 323
Trubatch, Janett Rosenberg, 70
Trudeau, Garry, 140
Truly, Dick, 124–25, 127
Tsigane (dog), 16, 17, 28, 34, 40
Tyson, Molly, 46–49, 50–55, 89, 115, 152, 153–54, 178
as reference on SKR’s NASA application, 82, 83, 84
SKR’s romantic relationship with, 50–54, 55, 57–59, 82, 117–18, 214, 291, 293, 297
UCLA Bruins, 12–13, 18, 37, 41
United Airlines flight 93, 265
US Air Force Academy, 78, 130
US Air Force Space Command, 218
USA Today, 270
USLTA Junior Invitational, 31
US Open tennis tournament, 20, 194
U.S. space program, 17, 19, 61–66, 100, 117, 174, 180, 202, 234, 250, 278, 329, 330
astronauts as mythic celebrities of, 63–64, 65, 71, 72, 100, 117, 123, 129, 167, 168–77
Augustine Committee on future of, 285–87
Cobb and Hart’s attempt to break barriers for women in, 67–69, 174
first Moon landing in, xi, 36, 72, 129, 154, 166, 167, 211, 322
JFK’s Moon landing goal as boost for, 64–65, 219
risks faced by astronauts in, 66, 89, 97, 115–16, 154, 280
waning national interest in, 75, 122
women initially excluded from, 61, 66, 67–70, 71–73, 79, 88, 94, 248
see also National Aeronautics and Space Administration; space shuttle program
Van der Meer, Dennis, 54, 55–56
Van Nuys, Calif., SKR’s childhood years in, 12–14
Vaughan, Diane, 282–83
Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB), 153
Vietnam War, 31, 76, 97, 130, 201, 326
von Braun, Wernher, 117
Voyager (Ride and O’Shaughnessy), 253–54
Voyager 2 mission, 202
Walker, Arthur B. C., 46, 84–85, 212
Washington, D.C., 171–72, 211, 216, 221, 223, 224, 250
Kennedy Center tribute to SKR in, 324, 327–28
Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam in, 37, 97, 326
National Women’s Forum in, 198
White House in, xvii, 27, 172–73
Washington Post, 106, 135, 199, 222, 293
Waste Collection System (WCS), 143, 164
Wayne, John, 16
weightlessness, in space, xxi, 66, 125, 146, 159–60, 164, 172, 268, 314, 331, 335
training for, 113–14, 143, 160, 328
Weinstein, Edina, 25, 90
Weitekamp, Margaret, 73, 108–9
Westlake School for Girls, 22, 23–27, 28, 31, 34, 38, 45, 90, 152, 242
West Point, 78
Wheelon, Albert “Bud,” 204, 213, 218
White House, xvii, 37, 172–73
Astronomy Night at, 336
politicization of SKR’s flight by, 173
Williams, Suni, 324
Wilson, Brenda, 274, 295, 318
Wimbledon, 20, 54, 55, 154, 194
Wolfe, Tom, 64
women, 10, 258
as airplane pilots, 66–67, 144, 198, 248
as astronauts, see astronauts, female
as astronauts’ wives, 71, 72, 107, 140
barriers and bias against, in scientific field, 26–27, 43, 192, 264, 265, 269, 270
as initially excluded from space program, 61, 66, 67–70, 71–73, 79, 88, 94, 248
menstruation folklore and, 145–46
Mercury 13 testing of, 67, 145, 174
in military, 75, 78, 247
military exclusion of, 66, 67, 73
NASA’s recruitment of, 60, 77, 78–80, 85, 88, 94, 105, 109, 126–27, 229, 326
SKR as role model for, 148, 158, 173, 178, 185–87, 190–91, 252, 268–69, 276, 312, 318, 319, 322, 323, 325, 326–27
SKR’s mission for expanding scientific roles of, xiv, 262, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 272, 273, 275, 276–77, 288, 300, 316, 318, 324, 325, 332, 333
Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASPs), 67
Women’s Hall of Fame, 198
Women’s Initiative, 308
womenSports, 58, 83, 84, 195
women’s rights, women’s rights movement, xiii, xv, xix, xxi, 11–12, 24, 51, 56, 69, 71, 94, 105–6, 150, 158, 171, 198, 263, 290, 322
Equal Employment Opportunity Act and, 74
Equal Rights Amendment and, 106, 114, 132
expanding job opportunities and, 74, 75, 78, 322
rigid social roles in restricting of, 68, 70, 73, 107
SKR as champion of female equity and, xiv, xxi, 40, 43–44, 51, 114, 148, 177, 187, 192, 255, 262, 266, 268–71, 276, 285, 288, 299, 316
SKR’s pioneering role in, xiii, xxii, 61, 148, 150, 151, 158, 159, 166, 173, 185–87, 199, 268, 269, 270, 276, 319, 322, 323, 324, 325, 328, 335
Title IX and, 21, 38, 265
Women’s Tennis Association (WTA), 194, 195, 239, 289
Wooden, John, 12–13
Woodlawn Cemetery (Santa Monica), 319
World Series, 135, 198–99
World War II, 6, 34, 67, 117
Yeager, Chuck, 64, 108, 212
Yeltsin, Boris, 250
Young, John, 99, 110–12, 122–23, 126, 128, 154, 208
Yugoslavia, 17, 115, 186
Zuber, Maria, 267, 275, 309, 320, 321
PHOTO CREDITS
Numbers in italics refer to book pages; numbers in roman type refer to images in the photo insert.
NASA: Front cover, 81, 167, 215, 230, 278, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 46, 47, 49, 56
Courtesy Ride family: 30, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 16, 19, 22
Courtesy John Tompkins: 1
Lyndon Baines Johnson to James E. Webb, March 15, 1962, unmailed letter, Lyndon Baines Johnson Presidential Library, Austin, Texas. Memo says “Science/Space” file, image courtesy Margaret Weitekamp: 69
The Stanford Daily © 2012 The Stanford Daily, Inc. All rights reserved. Reprinted with permission: 80
Sally K. Ride personal papers, courtesy Tam O’Shaughnessy: 93, 96, 126
Courtesy Kay Loveland: 193, 288
Courtesy Sally Ride Science: 261, 52, 53
Courtesy Tam O’Shaughnessy: 301
Courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech: 320
Courtesy Dana Kadison: 11
Courtesy Swarthmore College: 14
AP Images: 43, 44, 48
Courtesy Molly Tyson: 15, 17 (Joyce Tyson)
Chuck Painter/Stanford News Service: 18
Courtesy Bill Colson: 20
San Francisco Examiner, courtesy of The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley: 21
Courtesy Hoot Gibson: 28, 29
© Bettmann/CORBIS: 30
Sesame Street photo courtesy Sesame Workshop New York, New York, © Sesame Workshop. Sesame Street® and associated characters, trademarks and design elements are owned and licensed by Sesame Workshop. All rights reserved: 44
Courtesy Tamas Gombosi: 45
Courtesy Ronald Reagan Library: 50
Courtesy The White House, official White House photo: 51
Dominic Hart, NASA/Ames: 54
Bill Hrybyk, NASA/GFSC: 55
Every effort has been made to track down sources and obtain copyright permission. If you believe your name has been inadvertently omitted, please contact the author in care of the publisher.
Simon & Schuster
1230 Avenue of the Americas
New York, NY 10020
www.SimonandSchuster.com
Copyright © 2014 by Lynn Sherr
All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this book or portions thereof in any form whatsoever. For information address Simon & Schuster Subsidiary Rights Department, 1230 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020.
First Simon & Schuster hardcover edition June 2014
SIMON & SCHUSTER and colophon are registered trademarks of Simon & Schuster, Inc.
The Simon & Schuster Speakers Bureau can bring authors to your live event. For more information or to book an event, contact the Simon & Schuster Speakers Bureau at 1-866-248-3049 or visit our website at www.simonspeakers.com.
Interior design by Joy O’Meara
Jacket design by Jackie Seow
Jacket photographs: (front) courtesy of NASA; (back) by Randy Taylor; and (spine) by Shutterstock
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Sherr, Lynn.
Sally Ride : America’s first woman in space / Lynn Sherr.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Ride, Sally. 2. Women astronauts—United States—Biography. 3. Astronauts—United States—Biography. I. Title.
TL789.85.R53S54 2014
629.450092—dc23
[B] 2013039647
ISBN 978-1-4767-2576-5
ISBN 978-1-4767-2578-9 (ebook)