Back to the Future: Interviews with Lori Garver, Don Gips, Craig Barrett, Norm Augustine, Wanda Austin, John Holdren, John Logsdon, Austin Carr, “What Sally Ride Did for STEM Education,” Fast Company, 2010; SKR to author, June 15, 2009; Armstrong, Cernan, Lovell, “Is Obama Grounding JFK’s Space Legacy?” USA Today, May 25, 2011.
CHAPTER 12: THE SECRET
Interviews with Tam O’Shaughnessy, Kay Loveland, Billie Jean King, Joyce Ride, Bear Ride, Susan Okie, Bill Colson, Ann Lebedeff, Paula Levin, Brenda Wilson, Karen Flammer, Terry McEntee. Publishers Weekly; Bear Ride Pilgrim Place/Andiron Talk, March 3, 2010; Touched by an Angel, “Godspeed,” episode 526, May 23, 1999; Office Depot commercial, 2002; Vuitton commercial, 2009; SKR to author, June 15, 2009.
CHAPTER 13: A VERY PRIVATE THING
Diagnosis, Treatment, Surgery, Decline, Grace: Interviews with Bear Ride, Tam O’Shaughnessy, Paul Fanta, Andrew Lowy, Karen Flammer, Terry McEntee, Barbara Adachi, Lynn Martin, Maria Zuber, Wanda Austin, Joyce Ride, Whit Scott. SKR medical records courtesy Dr. Paul Fanta; SKR personal papers; SKR to author, April 11, 2012.
Out: Patricia Santy, Harry Holloway, Hoot Gibson, Rhea Seddon, Kathryn Sullivan, Paula Levin, Terry McEntee. Bil Browning blog; “bystander” blogger, July 2012; “Not everything is about sex,” September 20, 2012; poster “Tara Li” on Bad Astronomy, July 23, 2012; letter to Andrew Sullivan.com, July 25, 2012; Santy.
Stardust: Interviews with Bear Ride, Tam O’Shaughnessy. “Physics” quote from Wernher von Braun, “Why I Believe in Immortality.”
CHAPTER 14: IMPACT
Moonprints: Interviews with Maria Zuber, Bear Ride, Alan Ladwig, Joyce Ride. Impact Site location courtesy Ralph Roncoli, GRAIL Mission Design manager, JPL.
Earthworks: Interviews with Barbara Mikulski, Tam O’Shaughnessy, Frances Hellman, Christian Harrison, Craig Barrett, Steve Hawley, Bear Ride, Cady Coleman, Ellen Ochoa, Billie Jean King, Kate Rubins, Pamela Melroy, Anna Fisher, Rhea Seddon. Statistics for Sally Ride Science courtesy SRS; Joe Hansen, “A Is for Astronaut, H Is for Hero,” itsokaytobesmart.com; Amy Mainzer in Thomas H. Maugh II, “Sally Ride Dies at 61,” Los Angeles Times, July 23, 2010; various blog posts on NASA website; quotes from Whit Scott’s video of the female astronauts courtesy Dottie Metcalf-Lindenburger, Tracy Caldwell Dyson, Whit Scott; Sherr, “Remembering …”
Lost in Space: Interviews with Kathryn Sullivan, Frank Hughes, Bob Crippen, Frances Hellman, Wanda Austin. Duke, Cunningham, Cernan at “Pioneers of Space,” National Museum of Naval Aviation, Naval Air Station, Pensacola, Florida, December 15, 2012; UC-Berkeley speech.
Out and About: Interviews with Steve Riley, Tam O’Shaughnessy, Joyce Ride, Bear Ride, Whit Scott.
Astronaut: The Ride Report; “Sally Ride Interview,” Scholastic.com, November 20, 1998; Texas Monthly Talks; SKR to author, January 29, 2005; Molly McGinn, “Sally Ride Brings Cary into Her Orbit,” The News & Observer (Raleigh, North Carolina), February 2, 2000; Ride, Leadership … 55; Astronomy Night … ; Leonard.
INDEX
Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations.
Abbey, George, 77, 85, 88–89, 90, 91–92, 126, 127, 129, 130, 133, 144, 153–54, 169, 189, 203–4, 218
crew selection by, 110–12, 122, 127, 128–29
ABC News, xiv, xv, xvi, 94, 115, 123, 150, 165, 265
Acheson, Dave, 212, 213
Aerospace Corporation, 299, 310
African Americans:
first crew selection of, 127, 130–31
NASA’s shortage of, 74–75, 79
Agnew, Spiro, 37
Air Force, U.S., 97, 103, 105, 111, 112, 118, 120, 130, 165, 201, 206, 213
Aldrin, Buzz, 72, 166, 300
Allen, Joe, 77
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 269
American Bar Association, 174
American Institute of Physics, 254
American Revolution, 4
Anderson, Ada Sulem, 5, 9, 12, 34, 36, 319
Anderson, Andy, 5, 12, 15, 34, 36, 319
Annie (dog), 195, 236, 239
Antalis, Sandy, 274
anti-satellite weapons, 233
Apollo 11, 36
Apollo 13, xvii, 331
Apollo 17, 72
Apollo space program, xvii, 36, 64, 72, 75, 99, 143, 219, 225, 300, 329, 330, 331
arms control, xiv, 231–34
Armstrong, Neil, 129, 147, 175, 177, 199, 218, 287
first Moon landing by, xi, 72, 129, 154, 166, 167, 211, 322
on Rogers Commission, 204, 207, 211
Asian Americans, in NASA astronaut candidate program, 94, 105
Asimov, Isaac, 236, 253
Associated Press, 199
astronaut-candidate training program, 97–101, 105–6, 112–15, 117, 118–19, 120–22
female astronauts in, 104–5, 106–10
flight training in, 102–5, 108
1978 class of, see Thirty-five New Guys
RMS training in, 112–13, 121, 123, 132–33
SKR’s arrival at, 97, 99, 100–102
weightlessness preparation in, 113–14, 143, 160
Astronaut Hall of Fame, 284
astronauts, 19, 75, 82, 88, 96, 99, 124, 125, 126, 140–41, 147, 152, 217, 226, 247, 262, 317, 326
African-American, 94, 127, 130–31, 202
carefully sanitized public images of, 63, 116–18, 317
civilians as, xv, 200–201, 209, 210, 330
minorities recruited as, xv, 77, 78–79, 85, 94, 105, 127
mythic celebrity of, 63–64, 65, 71, 72, 100, 117, 123, 129, 167, 168–77
1978 candidate class of, see Thirty-five New Guys
preflight quarantines of, xvi, 153–54, 168
prelaunch preparations taken by, 153
risks of, 66, 89, 97, 115–16, 154, 280
sexist attitudes of, 72–73, 77, 107–8
shuttle program selection process for, 77, 78, 83–91
space adaptation syndrome and, 130, 160, 183
wives of, 71, 72, 107, 140
see also space shuttle program; specific astronauts and missions
astronauts, female, xv, xxii, 73, 131, 140–41, 170, 191, 253, 267, 326, 328
in astronaut-candidate training program, 104–5, 106–10
bigotry faced by, 107–9, 212
facility accommodations made for, 132, 143–44, 164
jealousy over SKR’s historic crew selection and, 133–34
media’s condescending treatment of, xviii, 70–71, 92, 104, 110, 148–51, 189
media’s fascination with, 105, 106–7, 130–33, 147, 148–49, 159, 170, 172, 189
NASA’s initial reluctance in allowing of, 61, 66, 67–70, 71–73, 74–75, 79, 88, 94, 248
NASA’s recruitment of, 60, 77, 78–80, 85, 88, 94, 105, 109, 126–27, 229, 326
pioneer flights and barriers broken by, 144, 164–65, 189–90, 248, 326, 327; see also STS-7 mission
in Soviet space program, xiii, 70–71, 146–47, 159, 180–81, 182–84, 189–90, 234
SKR as pioneer of, xiii, xxii, 61, 124, 143, 148, 150, 151, 158, 159, 166, 185–87, 268, 276, 324, 326–28
Tereshkova as first of, 70–71, 159
astrophysics, 27, 31, 45–46, 48, 56, 79, 82, 83, 88, 92, 107, 114, 122, 256, 264
AT&T, 308–9
Atkinson, Joseph D., Jr., 79
Atlanta, Ga., 195, 196, 197, 202, 216, 236, 237, 257–58, 260, 261, 265, 294
Atlantis (space shuttle), 200, 284, 330
Augustine, Norman, 285, 286, 287
Augustine Committee (The Review of United States Human Spaceflight Plans Committee), 285–87
Austad, Mark (Mark Evans), 184–85
Austin, Wanda, 286, 287, 310
Austria, 6, 15
Aviation Week & Space Technology, 149, 213, 227
Baine, Mike, 245–46
Baker, Ellen, 116, 168–69
Barefoot Contessa (TV show), 308
&nb
sp; Barnett, Marilyn, 121
Barrett, Barbara, 186, 324
Barrett, Craig, 324
Bay of Pigs, 17, 64
Bean, Alan, 108
Beatles, 21, 37, 164, 313
Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands, 180
Beaven, Lindsey, 239
Beggs, James, 173
Belgrade, 115, 180
Bergman, Jules, 94
Berinstein, Dori, 274
Berlin Wall, 231, 232
Berman, Ed, 145
Biden, Joe, 285
Billy Jean King and Friends fundraiser, 289
Bluford, Guion “Guy,” 130–31, 177
Bob Hope Show, The, 176–78, 179
Boeing 747, 103
Boisjoly, Roger, 207–8
Bond, James (char.), 19
Boston Marathon, 151
Bowen, Diane, 251
Brandenstein, Dan, 99, 170
Brokaw, Tom, 18
Brown, Jerry, 131
Budapest, 180–84, 234
Bush, George H. W., 248
Bush, George W., 232, 286
Bushnell Sky Rover (telescope), 19
Butler, Dixon, 226
California, 2, 3, 13, 15, 16, 24, 28, 29, 37, 38, 39, 44, 51, 57, 79, 95, 99, 101, 107, 131, 141, 152, 157, 165, 170, 178, 190, 202, 203, 229, 237, 249, 292, 319, 335
same-sex marriage in, 292, 305–6
California, University of, at Berkeley, 331
California, University of, at Los Angeles (UCLA), 6, 10, 12, 18, 37, 41
SKR’s enrollment at, 24, 39, 40–42, 82
California, University of, at San Diego (UCSD), 236, 237, 244, 251, 252, 255, 259, 296, 318, 323
SKR as professor of physics at, 235, 241–46, 255, 257, 260, 277, 295
SKR’s CalSpace appointment at, 235, 241, 257, 270
SKR’s cancer treatments at, 302, 303
California Science Center (Los Angeles), 315
California Space Institute (CalSpace), 235, 241, 257, 270
Caltech, 252, 299
Cannold, Mitchell, 258
CapCom (Capsule Communicator), 123–25, 127, 164–65, 191, 198
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, 152–53, 259
“Cape Crusaders,” 154–55
Carnival Lines, 300
Carpenter, Liz, 68, 106
Carson, Johnny, 150–51
Carter, Jimmy, 60, 95
Casals, Rosie, 194
Castro, Fidel, 64
Catherine the Great, 4
CBS, 213
Cernan, Eugene, 72, 115, 123, 287, 330
Chaikin, Andrew, 163, 257
Challenger (space shuttle), 182, 200, 203, 230, 310
on STS-7 mission, 154, 155–59, 160, 161, 162, 165, 170, 233
Challenger explosion, xvi–xvii, 201–13, 222, 248, 255, 279, 282, 294, 328
crew of, 201–2, 203
physical cause of, 205
Rogers Commission investigation of, xvii, 111, 204–9, 210, 211–13, 214, 216, 218, 225, 280, 281, 283, 284
shutdown of shuttle program in wake of, 203, 210, 216, 221, 329
televised memorial held for, 203–4
Change the Equation, 285
Charles, Prince of Wales, xvii, 89, 121
Cheney, Lynn, 172
Children’s Defense Fund, 253
Circumnavigators Club, 199
CISAC (Center for International Security and Arms Control), 231–34, 235, 250
Civil Rights Act (1964), 74
civil rights movement, 17, 51
Claus, Prince of the Netherlands, 180
Cleave, Mary, 143, 164–65
climate change, 226, 252
Clinton, Bill, 248, 249, 250, 322, 333
Clinton, Chelsea, 252
Coats, Mike, 123, 268
Cobb, Jerrie, 67–69, 174
Cochran, Jacqueline, 67
Cocoa Beach, Fla., 126, 159, 209
Coffin, William Sloane, 48
Cohen, Ken, 273
Cold War, 19, 41, 61–62, 64, 65, 180, 181, 231
Cole, K. C., 262, 325
Coleman, Catherine “Cady,” 326, 328
Coleman, Jamey, 328
Collins, Bud, 195
Collins, Eileen, 73
Collins, Mike, 166
Colson, Bill, 57–58, 82, 83, 109–10, 113, 114, 117–18, 152, 178, 293–94
SKR’s romantic relationship with, 59–60, 83, 89, 95, 100–101, 118, 119, 120, 140, 293
Columbia (space shuttle), 97, 199, 200, 286
first launch of, 122–23, 125
STS-2 mission of, 124–25, 127
Columbia Accident Investigation Board (CAIB), 278, 280–84
Columbia disintegration, 279–84, 286
physical cause of, 281
Communists, 10, 34, 62, 64, 65
Congress, U.S., xiv, 65, 67, 75, 116, 218, 246, 248, 287, 330
Congressional Space Caucus, 171
Conrad, Jane, 71
Conrad, Pete, 71, 326
Constellation program, 286, 287
Cool Careers in Science (book series), 272, 323
Covault, Craig, 227
Craig, Susan, 292, 305, 314, 319
crew selection, 110–12, 122, 124, 125, 127, 130–31, 188–89
for STS-7 mission, 127–29, 130, 133
Crippen, Bob, 113, 122–23, 127, 130, 131, 132, 144, 148, 149, 150, 151, 172, 173, 177, 189, 190, 207, 208, 218, 219, 272, 287
in STS-7 launch and spaceflight, 155, 156–57, 161, 165
in STS-7 mission training, 134–35, 136
Cronkite, Walter, 17, 88, 210
Crosby, Bing, 16, 319
cruise missiles, 232, 234
Crusader Rabbit (TV cartoon), 6–7, 38, 221, 314
Cuba, 17, 64, 162
Cunningham, Walt, 330
DACT (Disposable Absorption Collection Trunk), 143, 164
Davis, Sherri, 36
Deaver, Michael, 173
Defense Department, U.S., 76
Delaware County Daily Times, 30–31
Deloitte, 270–71, 277, 308
Democratic Party, 31, 187, 247, 248, 292
Denmark, 15
Depression, Great, 4
Detroit Lakes, Minn., 5
Deukmejian, George, 171
Diana, Princess of Wales, 121
Diaz, Al, 219, 226
DiMartino-Stebich, Toni, 276–77
Discovery (space shuttle), 191, 200, 210, 248, 330
on STS-41D mission, 188
Disneyland, 18, 103, 115, 129, 157, 275
Disney World, 180
Dobbs, Lou, 257–58, 259, 260
Dole, Bob, 142
Doonesbury comic strip, 106, 140
Drell, Sid, 231, 234
Duke, Charlie, 330
Dunbar, Bonnie, 143
Dyson, Tracy Caldwell, 327
Earhart, Amelia, 66–67, 198
Earth, 243, 254
NASA’s initiative for studying of, 218–19, 225–27, 246, 248, 251
SKR’s environmentalist concerns for, 163, 226, 235, 250, 252–53, 273, 335
as viewed from space, 125, 160, 162–64, 230, 230, 250, 255, 256, 263, 331
EarthKAM, 250–52, 275, 296, 322–23
Eastern Intercollegiate Women’s Singles Championship, 30, 35, 36
Ebb and Flow (spacecraft), 276, 321
Educate to Innovate, 285
Edwards Air Force Base, 64, 89, 146, 165
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 62–63, 65–66, 322
elections, U.S.:
of 1984, 186, 187–88, 192, 247
of 1992, 247
of 2008, 285
Elizabeth II, Queen of England, 171
Ellington Air Force Base, 103, 168
Encino, Calif., 39, 40, 41, 48, 165
SKR’s childhood years in, 16–18, 19–22
Endeavor (space shuttle), 248, 315, 330
England, 2, 3, 4, 15
Engle, Joe, 124–25
Enterprise (space shuttle), 89, 146,
329–30
Equal Employment Opportunity Act (1972), 74
Equal Rights Amendment, 106, 114, 132
Estrin, Judith, 265–66
European Space Agency, 130, 179–80
Evans, Mark (Mark Austad), 184–85
Exploring Our Solar System (Ride and O’Shaughnessy), 253
Extra Vehicular Activity (EVA), 189, 190
ExxonMobil, 273, 289
Fabian, John, 103, 113, 130, 132–33, 135, 165–66, 172, 218
in STS-7 launch and spaceflight, 157, 160, 161–62
Fanta, Paul, 302–3, 304, 305, 308, 310, 313
Farkas, Bertalan, 180, 182
FBI, 175
Feminine Mystique, The (Friedan), 71
feminism, feminists, xv, 51, 67, 105, 158, 170, 171, 173, 192, 268–71, 335
see also women’s rights, women’s rights movement
Ferraro, Geraldine, 186–88, 192
Feynman, Richard, 204, 206, 210, 211–12, 213
Fisher, Anna, 99, 106, 109, 110, 128, 140, 144, 154–55, 328
Fisher, Bill, 140
Flammer, Karen, 242–43, 252, 256, 259–60, 262, 295–96, 301, 305, 307, 312
Fletcher, James, 216, 219, 227
flight training, 102–5, 108
Florida, University of Central, 279
Florida Today, 283–84
Fonda, Jane, 173, 238
Food Network, 308, 309
Ford, Gerald, 60
free electron lasers, 46, 53, 57, 60
French, Francis, 277
Freud, Sigmund, 270
Friedan, Betty, 71, 171
Frosch, Robert, 91, 94
Gagarin, Yuri, 64
Galileo, 19, 45
Garn, Jake, 140
Garten, Ina, 308
Garver, Lori, 285
Garvin, James, 219–20
gay rights movement, xx, xxi–xxii, 51, 315–16, 333
Gehman, Harold, 280–81, 282
Gemini program, 64, 71, 99, 330
Germany, 15
in World War II, 6, 117
GI Bill, 6
Gibson, Robert “Hoot,” 98, 118–19, 121, 133, 134, 140, 317
SKR’s brief relationship with, 118, 119, 120
Glenn, John, 63, 65, 68, 247, 336
Goddard Space Flight Center, 185, 220, 270
Gombosi, Tamas, 181–82, 183
Goodman, Ellen, 186
Gore, Al, 227, 248, 249, 250, 333
Graham, Jan, 54–55