pacifism
Padmore, George
Page, Sir Earle
Paget, Reginald
Pahang
Paisley
Pakistan
Palestine: British claim to; Communist infiltration; under British mandate; Arab Revolt; Zionism; Jewish immigration; Jewish revolt
Palestinians
palm oil
Palmer, Thomas
Palmerston, Lord
Pan American airlines
Panama City
Papua
Paramatta
Paris, Treaty of (1763)
Parkin, Dr G.R.
Parliamentary Reform Act (1832)
Pataudi, Nawab of
Pathans
patriotism; Napoleonic Wars; Disraeli and; jingoism; boys’ stories; in advertising; Boer War; ‘Cockney patriotism’; Primrose League; Empire Day; First World War; Falklands war
Patten, Chris
Patterson, Governor
Patteson, Bishop
Peake, Colonel Frederick
Pearl Harbor
Peebles, Captain John
Peel, Sir Robert
Peel, Viscount
Peel Commission
Peking
Pelham, Henry
Penang
Penn, Admiral Sir William
Pennsylvania
Pepys, Samuel
Perak
Perham, Margery
Perry, Admiral
Persia; see also Iran
Persian Gulf
Peru
Peshawar
Peterborough, Lord
Peters, Carl
Pethick-Lawrence, Lord
Philadelphia
philanthropists
Philippines
Phillip, Captain Arthur
Picture Post
Pine, Edward
Pinney, John
pirates
Pitcairn, Major John
Pitcairn Island
Pitt, William, Earl of Chatham; and defence of Hanover; attacks Newcastle’s ministry; background; Seven Years War; resignation; conquest of Canada; American War of Independence
Pitt, William the Younger
Plaatje, Solomon
Plantation Act (1673)
Plassey, battle of (1757)
Plato
plays
Pluck
Pocock, Admiral Sir George
Poland
Pollock, General Sir George
Polynesia
Pondicherry
Poor Law
Pope-Hennessey, Lieutenant Ladislaus
Popham, Admiral Sir Home
Port Arthur
Port Said
Port Wellesley
Porto Bello
Portugal
postage stamps
Potsdam conference (1945)
Potter, Dennis
Powell, Enoch
Powers, Gary
Pownall, General Sir Henry
Pravda
press gangs
Primrose League
Prince Edward Island
Private Eye
privateers
Profumo, John
Prompt, Victor
propaganda: Second World War; after Second World War; Communist
protectionism
‘The Protocols of the Elders of Zion’
Prussia; see also Germany
public opinion: 19th-century; First World War; changes after First World War; after Second World War; see also patriotism
public schools
Pudukota, Rajah of
Punch
Punjab
Purchas, Simon
Puritans
Qabus, Sultan of Oman
QANTAS
Qatar
Quakers
Quarterly Review
Quebec
Quebec Act (1774)
Queensland
Quiberon Bay, Battle of (1759)
‘Quit India’ campaign
al-Quwatli, Shukri
race riots
racism: Indian Mutiny and; during First World War; against Irish; towards Arabs; anti-semitism; in India; stereotypes; colour bar; sexual envy; in Second World War; in America; African
Radcliffe, Sir Cyril
Radicalism
radio
Radio Bari
Radio Cairo
Radio Tunis
Raffles, Sir Stamford
Rahman, Mrs M.A.
railways: Chinese Eastern Railway; Trans-Siberian Railway; Hankow-Peking Railway; Cape Colony; East Africa; plans for Cape to Cairo line; West Africa; Berlin-Constantinople-Baghdad railway
Raleigh, Sir Walter
Rangoon
Raven, Simon
Rawdon, Major Lord
Reagan, Ronald
rearmament, pre-Second World War
Red Sea
Rees, Major-General T.W.
Reform and Redistribution Acts
Reformatory and Industrial Schools Act (1891)
Reith, Sir John
Réunion
Revolutionary Settlement (1688–89)
Reza Pahlevi, Shah of Iran
Rhineland
Rhode Island
Rhodes, Cecil; background; ambitions; annexation of Bechuanaland; incursion into Zambesia; Jameson Raid; and South African federation; plans Cape to Cairo railway; First World War
Rhodes Trust
Rhodesia; see also Southern Rhodesia
Rhodesia Front
Ridout, Lieutenant
Rio de Janeiro
Ripon, Lord
Roanoke Island
Roberts, Field Marshal Lord
Robertson, General James
Robertson, Sir James
Robeson, Paul
Robson, Flora
Rockingham, Marquess of
Rodeo, Operation
Rodney, Admiral Sir George
Roma, Spiridione
Romantic Movement
Rommel, General Irwin
Roosevelt, Franklin D.; on the British; and defence of Australia; anti-imperialism; Second World War; Atlantic Charter; friendship with Churchill; and Indo-China; Yalta conference
Roosevelt, Kermit
Rorke’s Drift, battle of (1879)
Rose, Colonel Hugh
Rose, John
Rosebery, Lord
Round Table
Rowlatt Acts
Rowntree, Seebohm
Rowse, A.L.
Royal African Company
Royal Air Force (RAF); ‘air control’ in Iraq and Jordan; Arab Revolt; enlargement of; rearmament; defence of Singapore; Second World War; Indian bases; nuclear programme
Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF)
Royal Indian Air Force (RIAF)
Royal Indian Navy (RIN)
Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC)
Royal Navy: and transatlantic trade; withdraws from Mediterranean; blockades French navy; living conditions; press gangs; Seven Years War; Napoleonic Wars; overseas bases; gunboat diplomacy; two-power standard; campaign against ‘blackbirding’; modernisation (1904); battle of Jutland; importance of Suez Canal; defence of Australia; Falklands war
Royal Niger Company
rugby
Rumania
Russia: Napoleonic Wars; 19th-century relations with Britain; threat to India; Crimean War; empire-building; naval rearmament; interest in China; war with Japan; Anglo-Russian Convention; expansionism; origins of First World War; and Turkey; Revolution; see also Soviet Union
Russo-Persian War (1826–28)
Russo-Turkish War (1828–29)
Rysbrack, Michel
el-Sadat, Anwar
Saigon
St Eustatius
St Helena
St Kitts
St Lawrence River
St Lucia
St Pierre and Miquelon islands
St Vincent
Les Saintes
Les Saintes, Battle of (1782)
Salisbu
ry, 3rd Marquess of
Salisbury, 5th Marquess of
Salmon, Air-Marshal Sir John
Salvation Army
Samoa
Sandwich, Lord
Sandys, Duncan
Sanger, ‘Lord’ George
Santiago de Cuba
‘Sapper’
Sarawak
Saturday Review
satyagraha
Saudi Arabia
Saunders, Admiral Sir Charles
Savory, Lieutenant-General Sir Reginald
Savoy, Duke of
Saxony
Schnitzer, Eduard
Scotland
Scotsman
Scott, Sir Walter
Scottish Martyrs
Scottish Presbyterian African Lakes Company
scurvy
Second World War: Egypt in; India in; war declared; ‘phoney war’; American involvement; Churchill’s importance; Battle of Britain; in Far East; Australia in; fall of Singapore; class factors; black soldiers; racism; propaganda; manufacturing industry; atomic bombs; casualties
Sedbergh School
Seeley, Sir John
Seely, Colonel John
Sekhukhuni
Selangor
Selbourne, Lord
Selous, Sir Frederick
Senegal
Seng-ko-lin-chin, Prince
Serbia
Sevastopol
Seven Years War
Sèvres, Treaty of (1956)
sexuality: in India; and racism; film censorship
Seychelles
Seymour, Admiral Sir Beauchamp
Sezincote, Gloucestershire
Shaffer, Peter
Shanghai
Shantung
Sharpeville
Shaw, Bernard
Shepherd, Sir Francis
Shepstone, Sir Theophilus
Shinwell, Emmanuel
shipping
Shovell, Admiral Sir Clowdisley
Shuckburgh, Evelyn
Siam (Thailand)
Sibthorp, Colonel Charles
Sierra Leone
Sikhs
Simond, Louis
Simple, Peter
Sind
Singapore; Raffles establishes; trade with Britain; Muslims mutiny; Second World War; naval base built; defence of
Sinn Fein
Sino-Japanese War (1894–95)
Sino-Japanese War (1937)
Siraj-ud-Daula, nawab of Bengal
Sithole, Ndabaningi
slavery: West Indies; American War of Independence; abolition of; ‘blackbirding’; in Arabia
Slump
Smith, Adam
Smith, General Sir Harry
Smith, Ian
Smith, Sir Ross
Smith, William
Smollett, Tobias
Smuts, Jan
Soames, Lord
social Darwinism
socialism
Society for the Extinction of the Slave-Trade
Society for the Propagation of the Christian Gospel
Solomon Islands
Somalia
Somaliland
‘Sons of Liberty’
Soref, Harold
South Africa; Boer War; Boers; strategic importance; Xhosa wars; diamonds; proposed federation; Zulu War; Jameson Raid; self-government; apartheid; Chinese indentured labourers; race relations; First World War; sexual laws; anti-war sentinent; Second World War; Lend Lease; and the Cold War; Sharpeville massacre; Macmillan visits
South America
South-East Asia Command (SEAC)
South West Africa
Southern Rhodesia; see also Rhodesia; Zimbabwe
Southey, Robert
Soviet Union: subversive activities; and Middle East; manufacturing industry; German-Soviet Pact; Second World War; as superpower; Cold War; anti-colonial propaganda; influence in Egypt; invasion of Hungary; Afghan war; see also Russia
Spain: competition with England in the Americas; Treaty of Tordesillas; fights British in Caribbean; and the ‘Western Design’; War of the Spanish Succession; War of Jenkin’s Ear; Seven Years War; and American War of Independence; Napoleonic Wars
Spanish Civil War
Spanish Main
Spectator
The Sphere
spice trade
spies, Lloyds insurance agents
sports
Stack, Sir Lee
Stalin, Joseph
Stamfordham, Lord
Stamp Act (1765)
stamps
The Standard
Stanley, Sir Henry
Staple Act (1663)
State Department (US)
Stephenson, George
sterling block
sterling crises
Stewart, James
Stilwell, General ‘Vinegar’ Joe
Storrs, Sir Ronald
Strachey, Lytton
Straggle, Operation
Straits Settlements
Streber, Colonel
Stuart, Major-General James
Sudan; Mahdism; Gordon in; British occupation of; film-making in; independence; military coup
Sudetenland
Suez Canal; Disraeli takes controlling interest in; strategic importance; security of; Italy threatens; Suez war; importance in Cold War; British occupation of Canal Zone ended
Suez Canal Company
sugar
Sumatra
Sun
Sun Yat-Sen
Surinam
Swift, Jonathan
Swinburne, Algernon
Swinhoe, Robert
Sydney
Sydney Bulletin
Sydney Morning Herald
Sykes, Sir Mark
Sykes-Picot agreement (1916)
Syria
Tahiti
Taimir bin-Said, Sultan of Oman
Tanganyika; see also German East Africa
tariff reform
Tawfiq, Khedive
Tea Act (1773)
tea trade
Tedder, Air-Marshal Lord
telegraph
television
Templer, Field-Marshal Sir Gerald
textiles: Indian; cotton; wool
Thailand see Siam
Thakombau, King of Fiji
Thant, U
theatre
Theodore, Emperor of Abyssinia
Thomas, Sir Shenton
Thugs
Tibet
Tientsin, Treaty of (1858)
Time
The Times
Tipu Sultan
Tissot, James
tobacco, Virginia
Tobago
Togoland
Tojo, General Hideki
Tordesillas, Treaty of (1494)
Tories, and American independence; see also Conservative party
Toulon
Touré, Samory
trade: East India Company; slaves; textiles; spices; tea; transatlantic; fur; cotton; mercantilism; free trade; wool; protectionism; with India; opium; with China; West Africa; tariff reform; imperial preference
trade unions
Trades Union Congress
Trafalgar, battle of (1805)
Trans-Siberian Railway
Transvaal; Boer occupation; proposed South African federation; railways; war of independence; Jameson Raid; Boer War; self-government
Treasury; national debt; Crimean War; construction of Singapore naval base; and colonial profits; and Indian independence; defence cuts
Trenchard, Air-Marshal Lord
Trincomalee
Trinidad
Tristan da Cunha
Trollope, Anthony
Trud
Truman, Harry
Truman Doctrine
Trumbull, Jonathan
Tunis
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkish Oil Company
Tyndale-Briscoe, Cecil
Tyne, river
Tzu-hsi,
Dowager Empress of China
U-boats
Uganda
Uitlanders
Ulster
Ulster Unionists
Ulster Volunteers
Umm Diwaykarat, battle of (1899)
unemployment
Union Jack
Union Jack
Union of Students of Black Descent
Unionists
United African National Council
United Nations; and the Cold War; creation of Israel; and the Suez war
United States of America: trade with Britain; ‘new imperialism’; industries; emigration to; Monroe Doctrine; First World War; and Irish ‘Troubles’; isolationism; views of British empire; manufacturing industry; battleships; and defence of Australia; poor relations with Britain; Second World War; race riots; anti-imperialism; British financial dependence on; Atlantic Charter; British hostility towards; racism; and SEAC; Lend Lease; as superpower; Cold War; Truman Doctrine; and NATO; fear of Communist subversion; and the Iranian crisis; Korean War; deteriorating relations with Britain; and the Middle East; and the Suez war; Vietnam War; ‘special relationship’; and the Falklands war
Upper Niger
Urabi Pasha
Uruguay
USAAF
Utrecht, Treaty of (1714)
Vancouver, Captain George
Vansittart, Lord
Venables, General Robert
Vereeniging, Treaty of (1902)
Vernon, Admiral Edward
Versailles, Peace of (1783)
Versailles Treaty (1919)
Vichy government
Victoria (Australia)
Victoria, Lake
Victoria, Queen; Empress of India; Diamond Jubilee; head of state of self-governing colonies
Viet Minh
Viet Nam
Viet Nam War
Virginia
Virginia Company
Vladivostok
Voice of America
Voltaire
Wafd
Wager, Rear-Admiral Sir Charles
Wakefield, Colonel Edward Gibbon
Walpole, Horace
Walpole, Sir Robert
Walsingham, Sir Francis
War of the Austrian Succession
War Office
War of the Spanish Succession
Ward, Colonel John
Ward, Sir Joseph
Warner, Sir Thomas
Warwick, Earl of
Washington, George
Washington Naval Treaty
Waterhouse, Captain Charles
Waterloo, battle of (1815)
Watt, James
Watts, Isaac
Wauchope, General Sir Arthur
Wavell, General Sir Archibald
Webb, Beatrice
Webb, Sydney
Wehrmacht
Welensky, Sir Roy
welfare state
Welldon, J.E.C.
Welles, Sumner
Wellesley, Richard, Marquess
Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, Duke of; as a hero; in India; Napoleonic Wars; achievements
West Africa; Lugard and; inhospitable conditions; wars with French in; Britain loses trade with; Second World War; Communist propaganda; independence movements
West Africa Frontier Force
West Indies: settlement of; slaves; and the ‘Western Design’; defences; immigration; War of Jenkin’s Ear; Seven Years War; and American War of Independence; Napoleonic Wars; sugar; abolition of slavery; emigration to; First World War; desire for self-government; Second World War; impoverishment; emigration to Britain