Another woman, dressed as: Will Irwin, “The First Ward Ball,” Collier’s, February 6, 1909.
Courtesans lay facedown: Chicago American, December 15, 1908.
A harlot swung a whip: Ibid.
“We saw as many”: Chicago Daily News, December 15, 1908.
“Keep it up, Minnie!”: Wendt and Kogan, 279.
DISPATCH FROM THE U.S. IMMIGRATION COMMISSION
U.S. Congress, Senate, Importing Women for Immoral Purposes: A Partial Report from the Immigration Commission on the Importation and Harboring of Women for Immoral Purposes, 15, 40; U.S. Congress, Senate, Reports of the Immigration Commission: Final Report on the Importation and Harboring of Women for Immoral Purposes, 123; U.S. Congress, Senate, Importing Women for Immoral Purposes: A Partial Report from the Immigration Commission on the Importation and Harboring of Women for Immoral Purposes, 59.
JUDGMENT DAYS
“I am not a reformer”: Chicago Tribune, May 16, 1909.
Minna’s court date: Chicago Tribune, March 14, 1909.
“trade in rum”: Chicago Tribune, February 1, 1909.
“spitting evil”: Chicago Tribune, February 17, 1909.
Stick to the “small stuff”: Asbury, 277.
“They have us in the middle”: Washburn, Come into My Parlor, 101.
One night in April: U.S. v. Johnson, General Records of the Department of Justice, File Number 16421, Record Group 60; Ward, 146–148.
“Even if I am a Virginian”: Wallace, 60; 57–58.
Inviting Scott Joplin: Rudi Blesh, “Maple Leaf Rag,” American Heritage 26, no. 4 (June 1975).
When Jack Johnson invited five of them: Ward, 148.
He traveled to Iowa: Iowa City Daily Press, February 18, 1909.
Pennsylvania State Legislature: Pennsylvania Daily Gazette and Bulletin, February 26,1909.
“That there is a systematic traffic”: Fort Wayne Journal Gazette, March 21, 1909.
“whole thing looks queer”: Chicago Tribune, February 18, 1909.
William Lloyd Garrison: Roe, The Great War, 19.
HAVE YOU A GIRL TO SPARE?
“It is a conceded fact”: Goldman, 4.
“keep books”: Roe, The Great War, 119.
“know what kind of a place”: Ibid.
“Madam Maurice”: Chicago Tribune, November 28, 1909.
“bad place”: Roe, The Great War, 115.
Fern: Ibid., 196.
“Now, when you go”: Ibid., 126.
“It was discovered”: Chicago Daily Socialist, June 30, 1909.
“The story printed about Miss Barrette”: Chicago Tribune, June 30, 1909.
Mark A. Foote agreed: Chicago Daily Socialist, July 3, 1909.
“servant girl”: Roe, The Great War, 119.
fifteen-foot snake: Chicago Tribune, June 17, 1909.
As Mollie had promised: Roe, The Great War, 120.
“I realized that Van Bever’s”: Ibid., 121.
“that Jew girl”: Chicago Tribune, November 10, 1909.
“You’re a good-looking”: Ibid.
“I want to go”: Ibid.
“You’ll like it”: Ibid.
“I believe Inspector”: Chicago American, July 22, 1909.
both men were members: Chicago Tribune, September 1, 1909.
“The revelations made at”: Chicago Tribune, October 4, 1909.
Commercial Club of Chicago: Roe, The Great War, 192; Chicago Tribune, September 26,1909.
the architect’s City Beautiful movement: Grossman, Keating, and Reiff, 30–32.
“There is nothing political”: Chicago Tribune, September 1, 1909.
Roe had an initial: Roe, The Great War, 193.
private secretary: Chicago Tribune, September 29, 1909.
“Well, dear”: Roe, The Great War, 112; Panders, 189.
DISPATCH FROM THE U.S. IMMIGRATION COMMISSION
U.S. Congress, Senate, Importing Women for Immoral Purposes: A Partial Report from the Immigration Commission, 23.
SO MANY NICE YOUNG MEN
“We have struck a blow”: Lewis and Smith, 342.
“it is not always the fault”: Roe, Panders, 180.
“Now rest as long”: Letter to Mary, October 11, 1909, Ernest Bell Papers, box 2, folder 2-11.
“Gracious God”: Ernest Bell Papers, box 6, folder 6-13.
$400 advance: Letter to Mary, October 11, 1909, Ernest Bell Papers, box 2, folder 2-11.
“score of resorts”: Bell, War, 261–262.
“When Mollie and Mike”: Roe, The Great War, 113.
Roe’s best sleuth: Ibid.
“Your name is”: Ibid., 113–114.
“If the Hart woman”: Chicago Inter Ocean, October 14, 1909.
“underground railway”: Chicago Tribune, October 17, 1909.
consult with Congressman James R. Mann: Duis, The Saloon, 264.
“Chicago at last”: Ibid.
Chicago’s chief of police, Leroy Steward: Lewis and Smith, 340; Lindberg, Chicago by Gaslight, 139.
“primal topics”: Chicago American, August 17, 1909.
“If you show yourself”: Chicago American, October 18, 1909.
“decentize”: Chicago American, October 12, 1909.
“The women have to”: Wendt and Kogan, 288.
“A girl in our establishment”: Washburn, Come into My Parlor, 104. Washburn didn’t specify when Minna made this speech.
propose a raucous toast: Ibid., 107.
“A man who visits”: Ibid.
“To Evangelist Smith’s young crusaders”: Ibid.
Colonel MacDuff: Masters, “The Everleigh Club,” Town & Country, April 1944.
“Dear Sir”: Roe, Panders, 170.
“How a woman”: Roe, The Great War, 111.
“sphinx like and brazen”: Ibid., 125.
“He kills his victims”: Chicago Tribune, November 11, 1909.
Van Bever’s attorney, Daniel Donahoe: Chicago Tribune, November 10, 1909.
“Sarah came to Chicago”: Roe, The Great War, 135.
“Van Bever’s lawyer”: Ibid., 141.
“Gentlemen”: Ibid., 142.
“thousands of dollars”: Ibid., 124.
“We have positive evidence”: Chicago Tribune, November 28, 1909.
“could not be reached”: Asbury, 268.
“Time will show that”: Ibid., 283.
“I haven’t done as much”: Chicago Daily News, October 19, 1909.
“We had to shut our doors”: Ibid.
“Greatest business”: Ibid.
“You’da thought”: Chicago Tribune, March 15, 1949.
“We were certainly glad”: Wendt and Kogan, 287–288.
IMMORAL PURPOSES, WHATEVER THOSE ARE
“I deplore the Mann Act”: Nabokov, Lolita, 150.
“You are leading yourself”: Lewis and Smith, 341.
“hoodoo” of the number 13: Chicago Tribune, December 14, 1909.
“the head form”: U.S. Congress, Senate, Reports of the Immigration Commission: Changes in Bodily Form of the Descendants of Immigrants, 7.
“In explanation of the act”: Oakland Tribune, December 10, 1909.
“I greatly regret to have to say”: Washington Post, December 8, 1909.
A new branch: Langum, 49.
Sims drafted the bill: Ernest A. Bell, “New and Pending Laws,” Light, May 1910.
“purpose of prostitution”: Langum, 261.
“Personally I feel that”: Bell Daniels, 72.
seventy thousand copies: Donovan, 63.
PART THREE: FIGHTING FOR THE PROTECTION OF OUR GIRLS, 1910–1912
MILLIONAIRE PLAYBOY DEAD—MORPHINE OR MADAM?
“I was the pet of Chicago”: Chicago Tribune, March 14, 1949.
“I know it will mean”: Chicago Tribune, January 10, 1910.
The boy was a drunk and an add
ict: Chicago Tribune, January 11, 1910.
It was Nat’s birthday: Chicago Tribune, January 10, 1910.
a Levee morphine salesman: Washburn, Come into My Parlor, 91.
Diamond Bertha: Ibid., 165.
“So damned suspicious”: Ibid., 92.
“Nat was the biggest”: Chicago Tribune, January 11, 1910.
“Hattie, you’re tired”: Ibid.
“They’re framing you”: Washburn, Come into My Parlor, 92.
“What’s going on”: Ibid., 93.
“to China”: Chicago Tribune, January 10, 1910.
long purple robe: Chicago Tribune, January 11, 1910.
“I was at the Studebaker”: Chicago Tribune, January 10, 1910.
“I have been here”: Ibid.
“In the afternoon I was told”: Chicago Tribune, January 11, 1910.
“apparently under the influence”: Washburn, Come into My Parlor, 96.
“bound to be blamed”: Ibid., 98.
GIRLS GOING WRONG
“Many a working girl”: Addams, A New Conscience and an Ancient Evil, ix, 72–73.
Mrs. Emily Hill: Asbury, 284.
“determination”: Chicago American, January 28, 1910.
“Let the men take”: Chicago Tribune, January 25, 1910.
“Mr. Busse, you are the mayor”: Wendt and Kogan, 289.
“I may pray”: Chicago Tribune, January 28, 1910.
“vice problem is exactly like that”: Vice Commission of Chicago, The Social Evil in Chicago, 3.
“Now Lord”: Bell Daniels, 78.
On March 7, he would wed: Chicago Tribune, March 8, 1910.
four hundred thousand people had bought: Bell Daniels, 63.
George Kibbe Turner: Turner, “The Daughters of the Poor,” McClure’s Magazine, November 1909.
“You owe it as a duty to the city”: Chernow, 552.
The arrangement was a setup: Ibid.
“I never worked harder”: Ibid.
Roe cut out several newspaper clippings: John D. Rockefeller Jr. to Clifford Roe, March 8, 1910, reel 314, series 3, Bureau of Social Hygiene Records, Rockefeller Archive Center.
“admired the ostrich”: Washington Post, February 16, 1909.
Clifford Roe push successfully: Vigilance 24, no. 5 (May 1911).
“The white slave traffic”: Quoted in Langum, 43.
“a thousand times worse”: Ibid.
“headquarters and distributing”: Ibid., 44.
“a beautiful girl taken”: Ibid.
“every pure woman”: Ibid.
“Now let’s hope”: Bell Daniels, 74.
“a tower of strength”: Mansfield (Ohio) News, October 1, 1910.
“segregation provides the best”: Letter from the Midnight Mission to the Chicago Vice Commission, October 15, 1910, Ernest Bell Papers, box 5, folder 5-1.
A LOST SOUL
“I do not mind”: Wallace, 56.
“A Republican is a man”: Miller, 445.
Roy Jones…was back in business: Chicago American, July 11, 1910.
Clifford Roe had tried to implicate: Chicago Tribune, July 8, 1910.
donations to reformers: Asbury, 254.
Brick Top: Sheboygan Press Telegram, September 27, 1923.
twelve of whom had syphilis: Vice Commission of Chicago, The Social Evil in Chicago, 77.
“too vile and disgusting”: Ibid., 71.
“highest-grade resort”: Taylor, Pioneering on Social Frontiers, 88.
“I found the twenty or more”: Ibid., 88–89.
The call from one: Chicago Tribune, November 20, 1910.
eleven printings: Langum, 33.
“I am sorry not to comply”: John D. Rockefeller Jr. to Clifford Roe, October 26, 1910, reel 353, series 3, Bureau of Social Hygiene Records, Rockefeller Archive Center.
“I propose”: John D. Rockefeller Jr. to Clifford Roe, January 26, 1911, reel 24, series 3, Bureau of Social Hygiene Records, Rockefeller Archive Center.
“The Everleigh Club, Illustrated”: Lawrence J. Gutter Collection of Chicagoana, Department of Special Collections, University of Illinois at Chicago.
THE SOCIAL EVIL IN CHICAGO
“Here’s the difference between us”: Lindberg, Quotable Chicago, 81.
campaign flyer: Grossman, Keating, and Reiff, 633, 650.
“I have never been afflicted”: Harrison, 308.
prompting Hinky Dink to remark: Wendt and Kogan, 291.
Hyde Park reformer Charles Merriam: Duis, The Saloon, 281.
“Hinky Dink has put aside”: Wendt and Kogan, 292.
carter harrison elected: Ibid., 293.
another $5,000: Vice Commission of Chicago, The Social Evil in Chicago, 9.
detailed every facet: Ibid., 13–17.
$16 million: Ibid., 32.
“The (X523), at (X524), (X524a)”: Ibid., 152.
“gregarious” men: Ibid., 297.
“These women”: Ibid., 169.
“It is undoubtedly true”: Ibid.
“Nine were seduced”: Ibid., 170.
“One madame testified”: Ibid., 97.
“A Dearborn Street resort”: Ibid., 78.
“Pervert methods”: Ibid., 73.
“absolute annihilation”: Asbury, 289.
“Praise God”: Bell Daniels, 81.
When Edwin Sims and Dean Sumner: Ibid.
“enthusiastically looking forward”: Roe to Rockefeller, January 30, 1911, folder 42, box 7, series 3, Bureau of Social Hygiene Records, Rockefeller Archive Center.
“If the methods”: Rockefeller to Roe, February 4, 1911, reel 206, series 3, Bureau of Social Hygiene Records, Rockefeller Archive Center.
They had an ingenious: Clifford Barnes Papers, Chicago History Museum, box 1, folder 1910–1915.
“[Roe] himself does not care”: Heydt to Rockefeller, May 12, 1911, folder 42, box 7, series 3, Bureau of Social Hygiene Records, Rockefeller Archive Center.
“They had little fountains”: Washburn, Come into My Parlor, 188.
“all of the rules issued”: Chicago Tribune, June 17, 1911.
“Those women have got to”: Ibid.
Time to update: Washburn, Come into My Parlor, 191.
PAINTED, PEROXIDED, BEDIZENED
“Girls will be”: Ibid., 31.
“sudden longing”: Harrison, 307.
“with all attendant privileges”: Ibid.
“lit up like”: Ibid., 308.
so that one breast escaped: Nash, Look for the Woman, 152.
“Vic Shaw”: Harrison, 308.
“notorious brothel keeper”: Ibid.
“serve merely to gratify”: Connelly, 107.
“sex must be confined”: Ibid., 110.
Dean Sumner was at it again: Chicago Record Herald, October 15, 1911.
“far from my ideas”: Harrison, 308.
Move all disreputable women: Lindberg, Chicago by Gaslight, 140.
Death of Herbert Swift: Chicago Tribune, October 20, 1911.
“Women have no minds”: Washburn, Come into My Parlor, 151.
“Did one of your girls”: Ibid., 194.
The Hawkeye State had passed: Roe, The Great War, 358.
“an unpleasant happening”: Washburn, Come into My Parlor, 194.
“Mind your own business”: Ibid.
“I’m afraid”: Ibid.
“Pretty snappy town”: Ibid., 193.
“terrible pair of sisters”: Harrison, 309.
“painted, peroxided, bedizened”: Ibid., 307.
“truly historic”: Ibid., 309.
“Close the Everleigh Club”: Wendt and Kogan, 297.
YOU GET EVERYTHING IN A LIFETIME
“How dear to my heart”: Edgar Lee Masters to Carter Harrison, April 14, 1939, Carter Harrison IV Papers, Newberry Library.
“On the square”: Wendt and Kogan, 297.
“rather sharp language”: Harrison, 310.
“The most persistent gossip”: Ibid., 311.
“infamy, the au
dacious advertising”: Asbury, 259.
“well known as Chicago itself”: Chicago American, October 25, 1911.
“cool and comical”: Washburn, Come into My Parlor, 151.
“You mustn’t believe”: Ibid., 195.
“Is the report”: Chicago Tribune, October 25, 1911.
Dearborn Street was alive: Chicago American, October 25, 1911.
“Gibraltar”: Bell Daniels, 85.
at the Hotel Vendome in Columbus: Bell to Mary, October 24, 1911, Ernest Bell Papers, box 2, folder 1909–1928 (correspondence with wife).
“speaking partner”: Chicago Tribune, October 25, 1911.
“I know the mayor’s order”: Ibid.
“I don’t worry”: Ibid.
“If they don’t want me”: Chicago American, October 25, 1911.
“Well, boys”: Washburn, Come into My Parlor, 202.
“It may be”: Ibid.
“It’s only 10”: Chicago Tribune, October 25, 1911.
“Sorry, girls”: Wendt and Kogan, 297.
“We’ve been expecting”: Washburn, Come into My Parlor, 203.
“Clear out”: Ibid.
“You’ll be going strong”: Ibid.
“Go away for a few”: Ibid., 204.
“What do you think”: Ibid.
“We’re going from bawd”: Hibbeler, 121.
“Let’s go to Europe”: Washburn, Come into My Parlor, 204.
“What about us”: Ibid.
“I’m afraid there never will”: Ibid., 204–205.
“And neither of you did”: Ibid.
“Poor kid”: Ibid., 206.
“We’re all nervous”: Ibid.
about $1 million: Ibid.
Chief McWeeny telephoned: Chicago American, October 25, 1911.
“Vice in Chicago”: Chicago Record Herald, October 25, 1911.
close “a score”: Chicago American, October 25, 1911.
“Two French blondes”: Washburn, Come into My Parlor, 207.
“Until I get”: Ibid.
Delft Candy Shop: Viskochil, 53. This book aided me in describing several Chicago street scenes.
“Don’t you recognize”: Harrison, 313–314.
visit from Taft: Chicago Inter Ocean, October 25, 1911.
“going strong”: Washburn, Come into My Parlor, 212.
“You ain’t got a thing”: Wendt and Kogan, 298.
“Do the best you can”: Washburn, Come into My Parlor, 212.
DANGEROUS ELEMENTS
“It is the code of honor”: Lindberg, Quotable Chicago, 30.
“known to reside”: Langum, 50.
Congress…played stingy: Ibid., 52.
Bell in Europe: “Some Observations in Europe,” Ernest Bell Papers, box 4, folder 4-8.