Transition from Steam (Ian Allan, 1980)
Express Steam: Locomotive Development in Great Britain and France (Ian Allan, 1990)
Rutherford, Michael
Castles and Kings at Work (Ian Allan, 1984)
Shepherd, Ernie
Bulleid and the Turf Burner (K R B Publications, 2004)
Talbot, Edward
The Coronation Scot: The Streamline Era on the LMS (published by the author, 2002)
Vuillet, Gerard
Railway Reminiscences of Three Continents (Thomas Nelson & Sons, 1968)
Wardale, David
The Red Devil and Other Tales from the Age of Steam (published by the author, 1998)
Westwood, J. N.
Soviet Railways Today (Ian Allan, 1963)
Locomotive Design in the Age of Steam (Sidgwick & Jackson, 1977)
Whitehouse, P. B.
Steam in Europe (Ian Allan, 1966)
Ziel, Ron, and Huxtable, Nils
Steam beneath the Red Star (Amereon Ltd, 1995)
Zimmerman, Karl R.
20th Century Limited (MBI Publishing, 2002)
MAGAZINES
Modern Railways; Railway Magazine; Railway World; Steam Railway; Trains Illustrated
WEBSITES
Martin Bayne’s Steam and Travel Pages: www.martynbane.co.uk
Steam Index: www.steamindex.com
Ultimate Steam Page: www.trainweb.org/tusp
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
1.
William Stanier. National Railway Museum / SSPL.
2.
Tom Coleman. National Railway Museum / SSPL.
3.
Coronation class Pacific. SSPL via Getty Images.
4.
The Night Ferry with Bulleid West Country Pacific 21C56 Croydon. SSPL via Getty Images.
5.
Merchant Navy Pacific, 35018 British India Line. SSPL via Getty Images.
6.
Great Western Railway’s Cheltenham Flyer. Getty Images.
7.
2509 Silver Link. Topical Press Agency / Getty Images.
8.
LNER P2 2-8-2, 2001 Cock o’ the North. National Railway Museum / SSPL.
9.
British Railways poster of 1949. SSPL via Getty Images.
10.
LMS Turbomotive at Euston station. ©1999 Topham Picturepoint / Topfoto.
11.
Nigel Gresley with the Flying Scotsman. National Railway Museum / SSPL.
12.
Deutsche Reichsbahn 05 001 4-6-4. Bundesarchiv, Bild 102-16692 / Georg Pahl.
13.
Class 52 Kriegslok 52 301. Milepost 92 ½ / railphotolibrary.com.
14.
Andre Chapelon. C. R. Gordon Stuart / Bram van der Velden / courtesy of SNCF Society.
15.
240P 10 at Laroche. C. R. Gordon Stuart / Bram van der Velden.
16.
Audrey Hepburn in front of 232-U1. Getty Images.
17.
242A1. C. R. Gordon Stuart / Bram van der Velden.
18.
Hiawatha departing Chicago Union station. Milepost 92 ½ / railphotolibrary.com.
19.
J3-a Hudson. Getty Images.
20.
Otto Jabelmann. Corbis.
21.
Norfolk and Western Railway J-class 4-8-4s. Milepost 92 ½ / railphotolibrary.com.
22.
Union Pacific Big Boy. Milepost 92 ½ / railphotolibrary.com.
23.
New York Central Niagara class 4-8-4, No 615. Milepost 92 ½ / railphotolibrary.com.
24.
Pennsylvania Railroad’s S-1 6-4-4-6. David E. Scherman / Time Life Pictures / Getty Images.
25.
Pennsylvania T-1 4-4-4-4. Milepost 92 ½ / railphotolibrary.com.
26.
556.0 class 2-10-0. Milepost 92 ½ / railphotolibrary.com.
27.
59-class 4-8-2 + 2-8-4 Garratt of the East African Railways. Milepost 92 ½ / railphotolibrary.com.
28.
P36 class 4-8-4. Milepost 92 ½ / railphotolibrary.com.
29.
QJ 2-10-2s. Milepost 92 ½ / railphotolibrary.com.
30.
Livio Dante Porta. Richard Campbell / Martyn Bane.
31.
Argentina. Richard Campbell / Martyn Bane.
32.
Outline drawing of the 5AT. Aaa3-other / Wikimedia Commons.
33.
Bill Hoole. SSPL via Getty Images.
LIST OF PEOPLE
Louis Armand (1905–71), France
Chief Mechanical Engineer, Western Region SNCF; chief of Resistance–Fer; General Manager SNCF
Max Baumberg (1906–78), Germany
Chief of Locomotive Design, Deutsche Reichsbahn (East Germany)
Roland Bond (1903–80), Great Britain
Chief Mechanical Engineer, British Railways
Jean Gaston du Bousquet (1839–1910), France
Chief Mechanical Engineer, Chemin de Fer du Nord
Alfred W. Bruce (1879–1955), USA
Director of Steam Engineering, Alco (American Locomotive Company)
Oliver Bulleid (1882–1970), Great Britain
Chief Mechanical Engineer, Southern Railway and BR Southern Region; CME (Coras Impair Eireann)
Kenneth Cantlie (1899–1986), Great Britain
Consulting Engineer, Chinese Ministry of Railways; technical advisor to Locomotive Manufacturers Association
George Carpenter (b. 1923), Great Britain
Locomotive engineer, historian
Marc de Caso (1893–1985), France
Principal locomotive design engineer, Chemin de Fer du Nord, SNCF
André Chapelon (1892–1978), France
Principal locomotive design engineer, P.O-Midi Railway; Chief Engineer, SNCF
George Jackson Churchward (1857–1933), Great Britain
Chief Mechanical Engineer, Great Western Railway
Daniel Kinnear Clark (1822–96), Great Britain
Locomotive superintendent, Great North of Scotland Railway
Tom Francis Coleman (1885–1958), Great Britain
Chief locomotive draughtsman, London Midland & Scottish Railway; chief locomotive and rolling stock draughtsman, BR London Midland Region
Ernest Stewart Cox (1900–92), Great Britain
Executive officer design, British Railways
Thomas Russell Crampton (1816–88), Great Britain
Civil and locomotive engineer; inventor of the Crampton locomotive
Ctesibius (fl. 285–222 BCE)
Pioneer of pneumatics
Nicolas Joseph Cugnot (1725–1804), France
Inventor of steam vehicle
Rudolf Diesel (1858–1913), Germany
Mechanical engineer; inventor of the diesel engine
Joseph B. Ennis (1879–1955), USA
Senior Vice President, Engineering, Alco
Lawford H. Fry (1874–1949), USA
Director of research, steam locomotive research division, Steam Locomotive Institute
Herbert William Garratt (1864–1913), Great Britain
Mechanical engineer; inventor of the Garratt locomotive
Adolph Giesl-Gieslingen (1903–92), Austria
Locomotive design engineer; inventor of Giesl ejector
Alfred George de Glehn (1848–1936), France
Chief Mechanical Engineer, Société Alsacienne de Constructions Mécaniques
Herbert Nigel Gresley (1876–1941), Great Britain
Chief Mechanical Engineer, Great Northern Railway, London and North Eastern Railway
Hero of Alexandria (c.10–70 CE)
Inventor of first steam powered device
Otto Jabelmann (1891–1943), USA
Vice president, Research, Union Pacific Railroad
Ralph P. Johnson, (1890–1980) USA
Chief Engineer, Baldwin Locomotive Works
Russell G. Henley, (1884–1953) USA
Design engineer, Norfolk and Western Railway
Paul Kiefer (1888–1968), USA
Chief motive power engineer, New York Central Railroad
Kyösti Kylälä (1873–1938), Finland
Inventor of Kylala steam/gas exhaust
Lev Sergeyevich Lebedyansky, (1898–1968) Russia
Head of Construction, Kolomensky Machine Building Design Bureau
A. I. Lipetz (1881–1950), USA
Chief consulting engineer, Alco
Anatole Mallet (1837–1919), Switzerland
Inventor of Mallet articulated locomotive
Vlastimil Mareš (1896–1979), Czechoslovakia
Chief Mechanical Engineer, railways, Czechoslovak Ministry of Transport
Raoul Notesse (1898–1944), Belgium
Locomotive design engineer, SNCB
John Pilcher (1868–1949), USA
Design engineer, Norfolk and Western Railway
Livio Dante Porta (1922–2003), Argentina
Steam locomotive engineer; inventor of gas-producer firebox
R. A. ‘Robin’ Riddles (1892–1983), Great Britain
Railway executive member for mechanical and electrical engineering, British Transport Commission
Wilhelm ‘Hot Steam Willy’ Schmidt (1858–1924), Germany
Inventor of practical superheater
Hideo Shima (1901–98), Japan
Head of rolling stock, Japanese Government Railways, Vice president for engineering, Japanese National Railways; President, National Space Development Agency
William Stanier (1876–1965), Great Britain
Chief Mechanical Engineer, London Midland and Scottish Railway
George Stephenson (1781–1848) Robert Stephenson (1803–59),
Great Britain
Mechanical and civil engineers; creators with Marc Seguin (1786–1875) of mainline steam railway locomotive
A. J. ‘Bert’ Townsend (1892–1953), USA
Chief engineer, Lima locomotive works
Richard Trevithick (1771–1833), Great Britain
Inventor and builder of first steam railway locomotive
Richard Wagner (1882–1953), Germany
Reichsbahnöberrat: Chief of design, Deutsche Reichsbahn
Egide Walschaerts (1820–1901), Belgium
Mechanical engineer; inventor of Walschaerts valve gear
David Wardale (b. 1946), Great Britain
Locomotive engineer; famous for Red Devil and 5AT Project
James Watt (1736–1819), Great Britain
Inventor and mechanical engineer; revolutionized the early steam engine
Friedrich Witte (1900–77), Germany
Chief of Locomotive Design, Deutsche Bundesbahn(West Germany)
Adolf Wolff (1894–1964), Germany
Chief design engineer, Borsig Lokomotivwerke
William E. Woodard (1873–1942), USA
Chief Engineering Director, Lima locomotive works; originator of ‘super-power’ steam
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This book has worked itself up to full pressure over many years. A lifetime, I suppose. I have loved steam railway locomotives, I’m told, since before I can remember doing so. Trying to thank all the people around the world and across half a century who have nurtured my interest in the steam locomotive and steam technology in general has to be an impossible task. Yet to all the many railwaymen, engine drivers and engineers, managers and historians, who have told me so much, and along the way allowed me to clean, oil, ride, fire, and drive steam locomotives, from the miniature and narrow-gauge to some of the fastest and most powerful, I can only say you would make up one of the most appreciated trainloads of people imaginable. Only the most powerful, most efficient, and best-looking triple-expansion, high-pressure compound could even begin to move so many of you away from rest in an appropriately deserving style.
Special thanks to George Carpenter, whose keen intelligence, vast knowledge, extraordinary memory, captivating story-telling, generosity, and friendship have kerbed my rash judgements, corrected my many errors, and deepened and tempered my understanding of steam locomotive design and engineering. George has read, added to, and dismembered my manuscript where necessary to ensure a proper degree of accuracy, although any errors – of fact and judgement – are mine alone. Thanks too, of course, to Angus MacKinnon, my wise and knowledgeable commissioning editor, Sarah Norman, formerly at Atlantic Books, and David Atkinson who copy-edited the manuscript. Sarah Chalfant, my agent, knows that I move forward through green signals with her advice and help.
INDEX
A class (2-6-6-4) (US) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
A class Atlantics see Hiawatha Atlantics
A-1 (US) ref1, ref2
A1 Pacifics ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
A1 Steam Locomotive Trust ref1, ref2
A3 Super Pacific ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
A4 Pacifics ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8
AA-20-1 (Soviet Union) ref1
ACE 3000 ref1, ref2
Adams, William ref1
Advisory Mechanical Committee ref1
aeolipile (Ball of Aelous) ref1
Africa ref1 see also East African Railways
airlines ref1
Alco (American Locomotive Company) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12
Alepuz, Manuel ref1
Algerian railways ref1
Alleghenies see H8 Alleghenies
Allen, Cecil J. ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10
American Coal Enterprises (ACE) ref1
Anderson, J.E. ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Andreev, Andrei ref1
Anstey, Edgar ref1
Argentina ref1
Argentina ref1
Argo Transacord label ref1
Armand, Louis ref1, ref2, ref3
Arnold Jung Locomotivfabrik ref1
Arrivée d’un train en gare à La Ciotat, L’ (film) ref1
art
portrayal of steam locomotives in ref1
Asia Express ref1
Aspinall, Sir John ref1
Association of American Railroads ref1
Association Française des Amis des Chemins de Fer (AFAC) ref1
Atkins, Philip ref1
Atlantic Coast Express ref1, ref2, ref3
Atlantics ref1, ref2
E6 ref1
Hiawatha ref1
Ivatt ref1, ref2
‘Jersey Lilly’ ref1
Auden, W.H. ref1
Awdry, Rev. W. ref1
axle loading ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Baldwin ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9
Bantam Cock ref1
Bantam Hen ref1
Barnstaple ref1
Barraclough, L. ref1
Battle of Britain Pacifics ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Bavaria ref1
Bayonne-Biarritz railway ref1
Beeching, Richard ref1
Belgium ref1
Belluzzo, Professor Giuseppe ref1
Belpaire, Alfred ref1
Belpamela (ship) ref1
Berkeley Castle ref1
Berlin ref1
Betteshanger colliery (Kent) ref1
Beyer Peacock ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8
Beyer Peacock Ljungström ref1, ref2
Bibby Line ref1
Big Boy (film) ref1
Big Boys ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
Big Four ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Billet, Paul ref1, ref2
Bilty, Charles H. ref1, ref2, ref3
Black 5s ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Black Prince ref1
Black Swans ( Schwarze Schwäne) ref1
blast-pipe exhaust ref1
Bleckmann, Schoeller ref1
Bloch, Marcel ref1
blower ref1
Blücher ref1
boiler scaling ref1
boilers ref1, ref2
Franco-Crosti ref1
free-steaming ref1
multi-tubular ref1, ref2
Bolland, Percy ref1
Bond, Roland ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9
Booth, Henry ref1
Borsig works (Berlin) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Boswell, James ref1
Botterton, Leonard ref1
Boulton & Watt steam engines ref1
Boulton, Matthew ref1
Boyle, Robert ref1
braking system ref1, ref2
Brienz Rothorn Bahn ref1
Britannia Pacifics ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
British Empire Exhibition (Wembley) (1924) ref1, ref2, ref3
British India Line ref1
British Legion ref1
British Railways ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Modernization Plan (1955) and dieselization policy ref1, ref2, ref3
Standard Class see Standard Class locomotive
British Transport Commission ref1
British Transport Films ref1
broad gauge ref1
Broadway Limited ref1, ref2
Brown, Charles ref1
Bruckner, Anton ref1
Brunel, Isambard ref1
Brunel, Marc ref1
Budd Company ref1
Bude ref1
Bulgaria ref1, ref2
Bulgarian State Railways ref1
Bulleid, Oliver ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10
Bullied Pacific Preservation Society ref1
Bullied Pacifics (recording) ref1
Bulman, William Ellerington ref1
C62 class 4-6-4 (Japan) ref1
cab-in-front design ref1
Caerphilly Castle ref1, ref2
Caldicott Castle ref1
Caledonian Railway ref1
Canadian Pacific ref1
Cantlie, Kenneth ref1, ref2, ref3
Capercaillie ref1
Carling, Dennis ref1
Carpenter, George ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Castle class (4-6-0) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Catch me who can ref1
‘Cato’
Guilty Men ref1
CC1 ref1, ref2
Centre for Industrial Power and Fuel Efficiency (Argentina) ref1