Grojanowski, Yakov (S. Bajler) 107–17
Gryn, Hugo 227–8
Grynszpan, Berta 26–7
Grynszpan, Herschel 27
Günther, Rolf 172, 179
gypsies executed 108, 110, 112, 117
H
Hackenholt-Foundation 175, 176
Hadamar concentration camp 171–2
Haffner, Sebastian 7–9
hair shaving 151, 175, 216, 255
Halter, Monik 116
Hammerstein Silverstein, Leah 213–14
hanging 59, 216, 264–72
Harmense farm labour camp 215
Heimwehr, the 84
Herzberg, Abel J. 236–7, 243–4
Herzl, Theodor 182
Heydrich, Reinhard 47–8, 67, 123, 124, 128, 129, 132, 149, 187–8
Himmler, Heinrich 60, 61, 63–5, 86, 174, 178, 209–11
Hindenburg, Paul von 3, 9–10, 11
Hitler, Adolf 3–5, 47, 66, 174, 267, 271
Nuremberg Rally (1938) 23–4
Hitler Youth 10, 29, 41, 53, 264
Hoefle’s telegram, Hermann 187
Hoess (Hess), Rudolf 54–5, 63–5, 66–7, 262–3, 268
Hofmann, Otto 129
Holland 172, 243, 264, 265, 271
see also Dutch Jews
homosexuality 10
Höpner, General 88
Horthy, Admiral Miklós 227
Hungarian Jews 62, 129, 227, 244
Hungarian soldiers 224, 250, 253
Hungary 127, 129, 220, 224, 227, 244
I
I. G. Farben 54, 65
identification cards 19
International Military Tribunal (1945)
see Nuremberg trials
Italian Jews 229, 237–42
Izbica Kujawska 107, 115
Izbizki, Haim Reuben 111–12
J
Jager, Karl 97–106
Jewish Fighting Organization 188, 192
see also resistance, Jewish
Jodl, Alfred 264, 265, 270–1
Judenrat 67, 69, 70–1, 203, 204, 208, 214
judges and lawyers, Jewish 6–9
K
Kagan, Raya 233–5
Kaltenbrunner, Ernst 263, 265, 268 Kammergericht court 7–9
Katzmann, Fritz 202
Keitel, Wilhelm 263, 265, 266–7, 268
Kiev, Ukraine 87, 93–5
Kindermann, Siegbert 10
Kindertransport, the 38–43
Kluger, Ruth 56–8, 181–5
Kollek, Teddy 20
Kovno executions 90–1, 92
Kozla Alley, Warsaw 73–82
Kraków 213–14, 219, 221, 223
Kramer, Josef 251, 252, 256
Krankenbau at Auschwitz 218
Krasniansky, Dr Oscar 214
Krepiec forest executions 133–4
Kristallnacht ‘night of broken glass’ 27–36, 38
Kruger, Friedrich 202
Kulmhof concentration camp
see Chelmno concentration camp
L
labour, enforced 19, 204, 205, 206
armament and textile factories 194, 195–6, 198, 208–9, 211, 217
Auschwitz crematorium 134–40
mass graves at Chelmno 108–9, 110–15
Sonderkommando (slaves) 134–6, 212, 220, 221, 222, 231, 243–4
Landau, Felix 83–5
Lasker, Anita and Renate 254
Latvia 91–3
Law Against the Overcrowding of German Schools 12
Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honour (1935) 12–13
Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service (1933) 11
Lawrence, Lord Justice 262
legislation, anti-Semitic 11–15
L’Entraide Temporaire 142
Levi, Primo 237–42, 245
liberation of concentration camps 248–57
Lindner, Dr Herbert 174
Lithuania 90–3, 98–106
Lithuanian soldiers / partisans
Krepiec forest executions 134
Operation Barbarossa executions 90–2, 98
liver-puncture experiments 61–2
Łodż ghetto 59, 115
deportations from 153–63
gypsies executed at 108
mass arrests in 52–3
Lolling, Dr 60
Lomza ghetto 221
lorries, gassing 108–9, 110, 113–14
Lubbe, Marinus van der 3
Lübeck shootings 257
Lublin / Majdanek concentration camp 65, 133, 165, 173, 187–8, 219
Luther, Dr Martin 124
Lutz, Charles 227
Lvov, Galicia 203–8
M
Majdanek / Lublin concentration camp 65, 133, 165, 173, 187–8
malaria experiments 60
Mandel, Marie 235
marches in Austria, anti-Semitic 15–16
marriages 12, 129–32
Mauthausen concentration camp 33, 65, 245
medical experiments at Dachau 59–63, 229
Mengele, Dr Josef 228–9
mental illness 61, 65, 171, 225–6, 254
Meyer, Dr Alfred 133
Minsk executions 86
Mischling status 14, 15
mixed blood, issue of 12–13, 14, 15, 129–32
Mlawa ghetto 221
Müller, Filip 134–40
‘Muselmann’ 235–6, 254
music
anti-Semitic songs and chants 15–16
Auschwitz orchestra 254–5
censored 17
Nazi anthems and marches 22
Verdi’s Requiem in Theresienstadt ghetto 213
see also songs and chants
Mussfeld, Kurt 232–3
Mussolini, Benito 229
N
Natzweiler concentration camp 65
Neuengamme concentration camp 65
Neumann, Erich 132
Neurath, Konstantin von 264
non-Aryan, Nazi definition of 11, 15
NSDAP 6, 66, 171, 172
Nuncio, Papal 171, 178–9
Nuremberg Rally (1938) 23–4
Nuremberg trials 193
the executions 264–72
Franz Blaha (prisoner’s statement) 59
Hermann Goring 261–2
Rudolf Hoess 262–3
Sentence Day 261–4
Nyilas 227
Nyiszli, Miklos 231–3
O
Ogrodowa Street building committee, Warsaw 68–9
operations, surgical 59–60, 61–2
Opoczynski, Peretz 73
Oranienburg concentration camp (Sachsenhausen) 10, 19, 35–6, 55, 65, 179, 246
Otter, Baron von 178
Oxfordshire Yeomanry 251–2
P
Palestine 20, 183, 255
Papen, Franz von 5
Paris
assassination at German embassy 27, 30
Hélène Berr – Jewish student 141–2
passports 21, 24, 227
Petlura militia 97
Pfannenstiel, Professor Dr 173, 174
phlegmone experiments 62
Plock ghetto, deportation from 55–6
Poland
deportations from Łodź 153–61
Jews deported from Plock 55–6
Krepiec forest executions 133–4
mass arrests in Łodź 52–3
Poles expelled from Germany 24–7
robbery of a Jewish family 53–4
see also Auschwitz concentration camp; concentration camps; ghettos, Jewish; Warsaw ghetto
police 4, 5, 19, 33, 70, 72, 73, 200–1
the expulsion of Polish Jews 24–5, 26, 27
in Galicia 204–6
in Łodź ghetto 158–60, 161–2
the Russian force 95–6
see also SS
political prisoners (Aryans) 219
Poniatów concentration camp 189–90
Posen Speec
h, Himmler’s 209
Praschker, Gershon 110
Prinzenthal, Chaim 180
Pronicheva, Dina 93–5
propaganda
films in Warsaw ghetto 70–1
films of Soviet ‘self-purging’ 91
music and chants 15–16
prussic acid 65, 66, 67, 172–3, 174, 178, 179
Punishment Company 59–60
R
Radom ghetto 219
Radzewski, Kalman 116
Raeder, Erich 264
concentration camps 47, 49, 63, 149, 152, 185–6, 224, 245–6
Rasch, Dr Otto 87–93
Rascher, Dr Sigmund 60–1, 62–3
Rath, Ernst vom 27, 30
Ravensbrück concentration camp 54, 65
Red Army 66, 92, 237, 246
Red Cross, International 240
Reder, Rudolf 149–52
refugees
expulsion of Poles from Germany 24–7
the Kindertransport 38–43
in the punkty 69–70
in Warsaw ghetto 117–18
Reich Citizenship Law 12, 13–15
Reichenau, Field Marshal von 83
Reichsfluchsteuer tax 56
Reichstag central government
anti-Semitic legislation 11–15
arson at Reichstag building 3–5
Enabling Act (1933) 6
religious faith, Jewish 72–3, 110, 111, 182–3, 242
resistance, Czech 149
resistance, Dutch 172
resistance, Jewish 188–200, 201, 207–8, 209, 211–12, 249, 250
resistance movement, church 178
Ribbentrop, Joachim von 263, 265, 266, 267
Richards, John 39–40
rickshaws 74
Riga executions 91, 92
robbery and plundering, German in Warsaw ghetto 53–4, 67–8
see also Kristallnacht Rois, Abraham 116
Romania (Rumania) 127, 129
Roosevelt, Franklin D. 37–8
Rosenberg, Alfred 263, 265, 268
Röwne ghetto (Rovno) 166–70
Russian POWs 62, 66–7
see also Barbarossa, Operation; Soviet Union
Rybna Street, Łodź 158–9
S
SA (Sturmabteilung) 6, 8–9, 10, 26, 29
Sachsenhausen concentration camp 19, 65, 246
see also Oranienburg concentration camp
Salt, Charles 256
Salt, Ryvka 170–1
salt-water experiments 62
Sauckel, Fritz 264, 265, 270, 271
Sauerwein, Jules 23–4
Schächter, Madame 225–6
Schilling, Dr Klaus 60
Schirach, Baldur von 264
schools, anti-Semitism and 11, 12, 16–18
SD (Sicherheitsdienst) 129–30, 132
‘Secret Annexe’ of Anne Frank 143–8
Sefton Delmer, D 3–5
‘selection’ at Auschwitz (October 1944) 238–42
Sered concentration camp 220
sexual relations 12–13
see also marriages
Seyss-Inquart, Arthur 264, 265, 271
Shklarek, Mosche 55–6
Sierakowiak, Dawid 52–3
Silbermann, John 37–9
Sington, Derek 251–2
skinning 62–3
Slovakia 129
Slovakian Jews 129, 134–40, 214–23
Smith, Kingsbury 264–72
Smolensk 112
smuggling and trading food 62, 73–82
Sobibór concentration camp 65, 149, 173, 187–8
Socialism 10, 16, 83
Society for Social Welfare, Jewish 117–20
Sonderkommando
concentration camp slaves 134–6, 212, 220, 221, 222, 231
SS (Schutzstaffel) 87–8, 91, 92
songs and chants
anti-Semitic 15–16
POWs forced to sing 111
POWs sing in defiance 212
‘Song of Bialystok Ghetto’ 208–9
Soviet Union 127–8, 246
Babi Yar massacre 93–5
Lithuanian partisans 90–2, 98
Operation Barbarossa executions 83–106
Red Army 66, 92, 237, 246
retake Kiev and Smolensk 112
‘self-purging’ operations in the 90–2
Stanislawów massacre 95–7
SP (Sluzba Porzadkowa) 72, 73
Speer, Albert 211, 264
SS (Schutzstaffel) 10, 16, 19, 29, 36, 66, 107, 126, 148
assisted by Ukranian militia and police 95–7, 166–7, 175, 177, 191
at the Auschwitz crematorium 134–40
the Auschwitz Protocol 216
the confiscation of possessions at Auschwitz 163–6
the death marches from Auschwitz 244–5
the Einsatzgruppen 47–8, 83, 87–93, 95–106
the evacuation of Galician Jews 202–8
the executions in Volhynia 166–70
gassing at Belzec 149–52, 174–7
and Himmler’s Posen speech 209–11
and Irma Grese 256–7
and Karl Wolff 86
the Krepiec forest executions 134
and Kurt Gerstein’s report 171–80
at the liberation at Buchenwald 250
at the liberation of Bergen-Belsen 251–2, 256
and mass grave digging 108–14
and medical experiments 60, 62, 63
the Operation Barbarossa executions 83–106
and Otto Hoffman 129, 132
the Röwne ghetto executions 166–70
and Rudolf Hoess 54–5, 63–4
and ‘selection’ for extermination at Auschwitz 241–2
at Treblinka concentration camp 152–3
the Warsaw uprising and destruction of the ghetto (1943) 188–201
see also Auschwitz concentration camp; Barbarossa, Operation; concentration camps; firing squads and shootings; gassing, death by; Nuremberg trials
Stanislawów massacre 95–7
Star of David emblem 19, 40, 59, 141–2, 166, 204
starvation 26, 59, 69, 80, 115, 235–6
see also food
sterilization of Jews 106, 130, 132
Streicher, Julius 10, 263, 265, 269–70
Stroop, Jurgen 193–202
Stubbenkommando 243–4
Stuckart, Dr Wilhelm 132
Stutthof concentration camp 65, 257
Suhren, Fritz 54
suicides
of Austrian Jews 19, 33
in concentration camps 37, 108
Hermann Göring 264, 266
SS guards 252
surgery 59–60, 61–2
swastikas 10, 11, 17, 23, 30, 40, 41
Swedish legation 178
synagogues, destruction of 32, 33–4, 200
T
Tagesraum at Auschwitz 241
tattoos 214–15, 255
Tedeschi, Giuliana 229–31, 246–7
textile factories 208–9, 211
Theresienstadt ghetto 58, 128, 181–5, 213, 221
trains
see railways and train journeys to concentration camps and Trawniki concentration camp 190
Treblinka concentration camp 65, 149, 152–3, 173, 178, 187–8, 209
typhoid epidemics 68, 69, 117–18, 172, 204, 251, 254
U
Ukrainian militia and police 95–7, 166–7, 175, 177, 191
United States 20, 29–33
Army 246, 248, 250
execution of Nazi war criminals 264, 265, 267, 269, 270
V
vans, gas 108–9, 110, 113–14
Vbra-Wetzler report on Auschwitz 214–23
Vernichtungslager - Belzec 63, 65
Vienna 19–20, 22, 33, 56–8
visas 20–1
Volhynia executions 166–7
Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle 164–5
voting rights 13–14
Vrba, Rudolf 214
W
Wallenberg, Raoul 227
Wannsee Conference 123–33
war veterans, Jewish 9, 11, 14, 128
Warsaw ghetto 67–73, 107
destruction of 193–201
Jewish Society for Social Welfare 117–20
smuggling and trading food 73–82
uprising (1943) 188–201, 211
Wehrmacht
see German army
Weidenfeld, George 15–17, 19–22
Weissmann Klein, Gerda 248
Wetzler, Alfred 214–23
Wiesel, Elie 224, 248–50
Wilde, Rabbi 36
Wirth, Polizeihauptmann 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178
Wojcik, Andrzej 133–4
Wolff, Karl 86
Z
Zabecki, Franciszek 152–3
Zbaszyn (Bentschen) 25–6
Zdunska Wola ghetto 170–1
Zelichower, Natan 71–3
Zelkowicz, Josef 153–4
Zimetbaum, Mala 233–5
Zionism 18–19, 20, 182–3, 188
Zyklon B 65, 66–7, 222, 232–3
see also crematoria; gassing; prussic acid
Zylbersztejn, Samuel 188–92