Philip I, King of France, 278, 285, Phiscardo, 245 Photius, Patriarch, 98-9 Pierleoni family, 239, 266, 323 Pierleoni, Cardinal Peter di, 323-326. See
also Anacletus II, Anti-Pope Pilgrim, Archbishop of Cologne, 26-9 Pisa, 161-2, 203, 277, 291, 327 Poppo, Archbishop of Aquileia, 26, 28 Premontre, 328 Psellus, Michael, 48, 64, 200
Radulf, Count, 225-7 Rafi ibn Makkan ibn Kamil, 295 Ragusa (Dubrovnik), 228 Rainulf, Count of Alife, 309, 311-12, 318 Rainulf I, Count of Aversa, 20, 33-4, 36-7, 38, 40-4, 49, 59, 66-7, 68, 71, 74 Rainulf II Trincanocte, Count of Aversa,
74-5. 79 Ravenna, 11, 120
Raymond, Count of Barcelona, 301 Raymond, Count of Toulouse, 202, 285 Reggio di Calabria, 12, 115, 132, 134,
136-8, 175, 255> 310 Richard I, Count of Aversa, Prince of Capua, character and antecedents, 68-9; becomes Count of Aversa, 79; at Civitate, 90, 92-3; becomes Prince of Capua, 108-10, 112; strained relations with Robert Guiscard, 117; alliance with Pope, 124-6; papal investiture, 126-30; supports Alexander II, 159; hostilities with Robert Guiscard, 180, 194-5, 200-1, 203, 262; reconciliation with Robert Guiscard, 208-10; besieges Naples, 213-14; dies, 215-16 Richard II, Prince of Capua, 269, 272-3, 322
Ridel, Geoffrey, 135 Risus, 84
Robert of Burgundy, 281-2
3J2
Robert I, Prince of Capua, 293m Robert II, Prince of Capua, 311-14, 318,
3". 329. 331
Robert of Conversano, 311
Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia, family, 39-40; character and appearance, 69-70; early years in Italy, 75-9; trickery, 77-8; marriage to Alberada, 78-9; at Civitate, 90, 92-3; succeeds Humphrey, 107-8; differences with Roger, 113-15; marriage to Sichelgaita, 116-18; papal investiture at Melfi, 126-31; first Sicilian campaign, 131-46; Latinisation of Calabria, 147, 192; quarrel with Roger, 147-51; second Sicilian campaign, 162-3; trouble in Apulia, 164-8; siege of Bari, 168-73; capture of Palermo, 174-85; restores order in Apulia, 193-5; illness, 195-6; relations with Gregory VII, 197-204; wooed by Henry IV and Gregory, 207-9; capture of Salerno, 209-13; breach with Gregory, 214-18; investiture at Ceprano, 218-19, 2^z; first Byzantine expedition, 222-33, 253—54; return to Italy and march on Rome, 234-42, 254-5; escorts Gregory to Salerno, 242-3; second Byzantine expedition, 243-5! death, 245-50. Other references, 258-60, 322
Robert de Grantmesnil, Abbot of St Evroul, 146-7, 3i9n.
Robert of Grantmesnil, 319
Robert of Loritello, 198-9, 214-15
Robert of Montescaglioso, 164
Robert de Sourval, 254
Robert, Bishop of Troina and Messina, 272-3
Rocca d'Asino, 255, 257
Roger I de Hauteville, Great Count of Sicily, arrival and beginnings, 112-14; Calabrian famine, 114-15; first Sicilian campaign, 131-46; marriage to Judith of Evreux, 146-7; quarrel with Robert Guiscard, 147-51; besieged in Troina, 151-4; slow progress through Sicily, 155-68; besieges Bari, 171-3; capture of Palermo, 174-85; consolidation in Sicily, 189-93; supports Robert Guiscard in Italy, 236-7; gives a home to Helena, 251; concludes conquest of Sicily, 252-61, 269; government in Sicily, 269-70; relations with Rome,
270-74, policy towards Saracens, 274-7, 294; death, family and achievement, 278-81, 283. Other references, 40, 54m, 106
Roger II de Hauteville, King of Sicily, birth, 281; becomes Count of Sicily, 282; childhood, 282; knighted, 283; character, 284, 297-8; claim to Jerusalem, 280, 287, 289; early years of power, 290-4; attacks on Gabes and Mahdia, 294-302; first Apulian expedition, 305-7; wins Duchy of Apulia, 307-15; establishes authority there, 316-19; summons Court at Melfi, 319-22; receives submission of Capua, 322-3; negotiates for Crown, 328-30; coronation, 330-1 Roger, son of Roger II, 320 Roger, Count of Ariano, 309, 311 Roger Borsa, Duke of Apulia, acknowledged father's successor, 195-6; on Byzantine expedition, 244-6; struggle with Bohemund, 249-51, 258-60, 267-8; attitude over election of Desiderius, 264-5; character, 269; besieges Capua, 272-5; death, 303-5. Other references, 118, 198, 235, 241, 254, 276-7, 322, 339 Rollo, 6
Romanus III Argyrus, Byzantine
Emperor, 45-6 Romanus IV Diogenes, Byzantine
Emperor, 165, 170-1, 200 Rome, 8, 13, 50, 51, 73-4, 80-3, 95, 122,
124, 158, 195, 206-7, 233-9, 240-3,
268, 323-8 Rometta, 52-3, 136, 142-4 Romuald, Archbishop of Salerno, 305,
309
Rossano, 132
Roussel of Bailleul, 230
Rusticus, 239
Sabato, river, 315
St Adrian's, Rome, 325
S. Agata, Catania, I47n., 339
S. Agata dei Goti, 42
St Andrew's, Rome, 324-6
S. Angelo, see Monte S. Angelo, Castel S.
Angelo S. Angelo in Formis, 263m S. Ciriaca, 192
S. Grace, Cape, 256 S. Eufemia, abbey, 147, 339 St Evroul-sur-Ouche, 147 St Gilles, 327
S. Giovanni dei Lebbrosi, Palermo, 178m
S. Giuseppe Iato, 253
S. Gregorio Magno, Rome, 324^
S. Marco, Rome, 325-6
S. Marco Argentano, 77-8, 107, 146
S. Marco d'Alunzio, 146, 255, 283
S. Maria del Faro, 139
S. Maria di Maniace, 54m
S. Maria Maggiore, Rome, 73, 204
S. Maria Novella, Rome, 326
S. Martino d'Agri, 147
S. Nicandro, 108
S. Paolo di Civitate, 96
Salerno, 16-17, 27-30, 38, 43, 84, 86-8, 108-9, 116, 201, 210-14, 215, 218, 220, 243, 259, 264-5, 273-4, 3°3. J<>7-Hi 319, 330. Cathedral, 212, 243, 263^, 303-4, 307
Salso, river, 184
Sarule of Genzano, 79
Scalea, 114-15, 117
Scilla, 132
Scribla, 76-7
Seljuks, 165, 168, 171, 200, 284 Sergius, Duke of Amalfi, 201 Sergius IV, Duke of Naples, 34-8 Serlo de Hauteville, the elder, 39,136 Serlo de Hauteville, the younger, 136,
156-7, 183-4, 189 Sichelgaita of Salerno, Duchess of Apulia,
116-18, 146, 153, 183, 195-7. 2DI, 2I°.
217, 231-2, 245-7, 249-51. 258-9 Simeto, river, 143 Simon, son of Roger I, 281-2 Siponto, 4, 67, 90 Skleros, Romanus, 64 Sorrento, 38, 88 Spoleto, 10, 90 Squillace, 76, 115, 132m, 175 Staina, river, 91
Stephen IX, Pope, 110-11, 117, 120-2,
124. See also Frederick of Lorraine. Stephen, Byzantine admiral, 48, 55, 63 Stethatus, Nicetas, 103 Stilo, 13
Studion, monastery, 64, 103 Sutri, 74
Sylvester III, Pope, 73-4 Syracuse, 52, 54-5, 66, 98, 133, 183, 252-9, 271, 281, 291
Tancred, son of Roger II, 320 Tancred of Conversano, 311, 318 Tancred de Hauteville, the elder, 38-40, 69
Tancred de Hauteville, the younger, 40 Taormina, 142, 189, 253, 256 Taranto, 12, 64, 162, 165, 217, 260, 312 Temim, Sultan, 155, 277, 294-5, 297, 299 Terracina, 264, 268
Theodora, Byzantine Empress, 45, 63-4
Theophano, Western Empress, 5,13
Tiber, river, 327
Tiber Island, 122, 239, 266, 268
at-Tigani, 296n., 300
Tivoli, 235, 242
Trani, 14, 64-5, 180, 194-5, 217 Trapani, 133, 183, 189, 252-3, 255 Tribur, 213 Tripoli, 290
Troia, 21, 26, 28-30, 62, 82, 90, 303, 310-
12, 314, 318 Troina, 54, 146, 148, 151-4, 156, 158,
160, 176, 192, 255, 271-2, 283 Tuboeuf, Hugh, 60 Tusculum, 23
Urban II, Pope, 9, 196-71, 268-7, 293-4, 321, 339. See also Odo of Ostia.
Val Demone, 183, 259, 269 Valona, 227
Varangian Guard, 20-1, 48, 6i, 165,
231-3 Vatican, 266 Vaticano, Cape, 113 Venice, 228-9, 243-5> 247n-> z85 Venosa, 57, 60, 67, 79, 107, H7n., 127,
246-8, 303 Victor II, Pope, 119-20. See also Gebhard
of Eichstatt. Victor III, Pope, see Desiderius of Monte
Cassino Viterbo, 203 Volturno, river, 34
Walter of Therouanne, 307n. Wibert, 81, 97
William I, the Conqueror, King of England, 146, 249
William II Rufus, King of England, 27
4, 295
William, Duke of Apulia, 304-9, 322 William of Apulia, 9, 20, 65, 68, 77-8,
91-3, 107, 116-18, 170, 179, 239, 339 William, Count of Burgundy, 202 William de Hauteville, the Iron-Arm,
29-40, 54, 57, 59, 61, 66, 69, 76, 107,
247, 321
William de Hauteville, Count of the Principate, 40, 107-8, 114, 117
William of Malmesbury, 247, 249-50, William, Bishop of Troia, 311 William of Tyre, 280, 289, 307 Wiprecht, the Hermit, 72-3 Worms, 80, 89, 206
Yahya ibn Temim, 295, 299 Yanina, 243
Zirids, 47, 53, 133, 155, 277, 394, 30; Zoe, Byzantine Empress, 45-6, 63-4
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