“The funding is not through the capital”: Ryan Singel, “Open Facebook Alternatives Gain Momentum, $115K,” Wired, May 13, 2010, http://www.wired.com/business/2010/05/facebook-open-alternative/.
CHAPTER SIX
Democratic revolutions followed its adoption: Bertrand de La Chapelle, a deputy in the French ministry of Foreign Affairs, remarks at “Internet at Freedom” conference, Central European University, Budapest, September 2010.
A crusading blogger: Cynthia Johnston, “YouTube Stops Account of Egypt Anti-Torture Activist,” Reuters, November 27, 2007, http://www.reuters.com/article/2007/11/27/egypt-youtube-idUSL2759043020071127.
Censorship was becoming a global norm: Peter Eckersley, “2010 Trend Watch Update: Global Internet Censorship,” Electronic Frontier Foundation, December 10, 2010, https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2010/12/2010-trend-watch-update-global-internet-censorship.
The filtering software was provided: Websense discusses the situation in Yemen and says it will stop updating the subscriptions there, http://community.websense.com/blogs/websense-features/archive/2009/08/17/websense-issues-statement-on-use-of-its-url-filtering-technology-by-isps-in-yemen.aspx.
“Often pitched in the first instance”: Helmi Norman and Jillian C. York, “West Censoring East: The Use of Western Technologies by Middle EastCensors, 2010–2011,” OpenNet Initiative, March 2011, http://opennet.net/west-censoring-east-the-use-western-technologies-middle-east-censors-2010-2011.
The strongest hands played: James Ball, Bruce Schneier, and Glenn Greenwald, “NSA and GCHQ Target Tor Network That Protects Anonymity of Users,” Guardian, October 4, 2013, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/04/nsa-gchq-attack-tor-network-encryption.
Google released its first “transparency report: “Government Requests for Information Double over Three Years,” November 14, 2013, Google Official Blog, http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2013/11/government-requests-for-user.html.
The agents had a powerful tool: “Making the world safer with trend-setting intelligence solutions,” Nokia manual, published online at http://www.voima.fi/tiedostot/NSN_Image_Bro_web1.pdf.
The extent of this power: Hanna Nikkanen, “Technology Failed Iran,” Voima, March 1, 2010, http://fifi.voima.fi/artikkeli/Technology-failed-Iran/3407?page=1.
European regulators had themselves: Ibid.
“Governments in almost all nations required operators”: Statement from Barry French, executive board member and head of marketing and corporate affairs, Nokia Siemens, “Networks, Hearing on New Information Technologies and Human Rights,” European Parliament, Subcommittee on Human Rights, Wednesday, June 2, 2010.
An American company called: John Markoff, “Rights Group Reports on Abuses of Surveillance and Censorship Technology,” New York Times, January 16, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/16/business/rights-group-reports-on-abuses-of-surveillance-and-censorship-technology.html?ref=technology&_r=0.
CHAPTER SEVEN
“Consider that informed citizens”: Richard Esguerra, “An Introduction to the Federated Social Web,” Electronic Frontier Foundation, March 21, 2011, https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2011/03/introduction-distributed-social-network.
CHAPTER EIGHT
It billed the services: Amount quoted to Max, and confirmed as approximately right by Mike Sofaer.
It came to a close: Interviews with Dan, Max, Ilya, and Mike himself.
Bill Gore, the inventor of Gore-Tex fabric: NPR staff, “Don’t Believe Facebook; You Only Have 150 Friends,” NPR, June 5, 2011, http://www.npr.org/2011/06/04/136723316/dont-believe-facebook-you-only-have-150-friends.
Whether they were picking bugs: Guillaume Dezecache, “Are We Sure We Can Groom Beyond Dunbar’s Number?” June 4, 2012, International Cognition and Culture Institute, http://www.cognitionandculture.net/workshops/77-dunbars-number/2415-are-we-sure-we-can-groom-beyond-dunbars-number.
“People knowledgeable about Google”: Nicole Perlroth, John Markoff, “N.S.A. May Have Hit Internet Companies at a Weak Spot,” New York Times, November 25, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/26/technology/a-peephole-for-the-nsa.html?ref=johnmarkoff&_r=0.
“modern cars are computers”: Cory Doctorow, “The Coming Civil War over General Purpose Computing,” a talk delivered at Google in August 2012, http://boingboing.net/2012/08/23/civilwar.html.
CHAPTER NINE
“This message has been brought to you”: https://blog.mozilla.org/press/files/2013/11/nytimes-firefox-final.pdf.
By October 1994: http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/2.10/mosaic.html.
A developer named Jamie: http://www.jwz.org/gruntle/nscpdorm.html.
Four months later: http://news.morningstar.com/articlenet/article.aspx?id=741.
The level of vitriol: http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/2.10/godwin.if_pr.html.
“There was no interest”: http://www.wired.com/business/2012/05/epicenter_isocfamersqabaker/.
In a series of communiqués: Vulnerability Note VU#413886, Vulnerability Notes Database, February 2, 2004, updated October 28, 2004, http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/413886, October 13, 2004.
The Mozilla staff of fourteen: Steve Lohr and John Markoff, “In the Battle of the Browsers ’04, Firefox Aims at Microsoft,” New York Times, November 15, 2004, http://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/15/technology/15browser.html?ex=1258261200&en=012c4675cd53ba55&ei=5090&partner=rs&_r=1&.
Then an e-mail arrived: Gervase Markham, “Parties on Seven Continents,” Hacking for Christ, October 21, 2004, http://blog.gerv.net/2004/10/.
The privacy setting became known: Gaurav Aggarwal, Elie Bursztein, Collin Jackson, and Dan Bone, “An Analysis of Private Browsing Modes in Modern Browsers,” presented at Usenix 2010 Conference, Washington, D.C., http://crypto.stanford.edu/~dabo/pubs/papers/privatebrowsing.pdf.
By 2012, Firefox’s annual: http://www.zdnet.com/blog/networking/firefox-hits-the-jackpot-with-almost-billion-dollar-google-deal/1780.
“Some people say, ‘I don’t care’”: Interview with Mitchell Baker, October 6, 2010.
Aza Raskin, the twenty-six-year-old: Interview with Raskin, June 2013.
CHAPTER TEN
The 2010 theme: Video, http://vimeo.com/14733288.
“Jonah Peretti”: http://www.shey.net/niked.html. Timothy Shey, “The Life of an Internet Meme,” published on Shey’s weblog, tim.shey.net, http://www.shey.net/niked.html.
He also appeared: Ibid.
CHAPTER ELEVEN
Heap said he would build: Charles Arthur, “Haystack Anticensorship Software Withdrawn Over Security Concerns,” The Guardian, September 17, 2010, http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2010/sep/17/haystack-software-security-concerns.
It received vital licenses: Indira Lakshmanan, “Interview with Hillary Rodham Clinton,” March 19, 2010, Bloomberg TV, http://www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2010/03/138677.htm.
At the moment a totalitarian: Evgeny Morozov, “The Great Internet Freedom Fraud,” Slate, September 16, 2010, http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/technology/2010/09/the_great_internet_freedom_fraud.html.
Meanwhile, the acclaim mounted: Aleks Krotoski, “Media Guardian Innovation Awards,” Guardian, March 28, 2010, http://www.theguardian.com/media/2010/mar/29/austin-heap-megas-innovator-award.
Dozens of types of free licenses: “Various Licenses and Comments About Them,” GNU Operating System website, https://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html.
McKenzie was interviewed: Dan Goodin, “Code for Open Source Facebook Littered with Landmines,” Register, September 16, 2010, http://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/09/16/diaspora_pre_alpha_landmines/.
Writing in a blog later: Patrick McKenzie, “Security Lessons from the Diaspora Launch,” Kalzumeus, http://www.kalzumeus.com/2010/09/22/security-lessons-learned-from-the-diaspora-launch/.
CHAPTER THIRTEEN
“What if you build a social network”: Christina Warren, “Hands-on wit
h Facebook Alternative Diaspora,” Mashable, November 24, 2010, http://mashable.com/2010/11/24/diaspora-preview/.
On ZDNet, another important tech: Dana Blankenhorn, “Is Diaspora Too Late?” ZDNet, November 24, 2010, http://www.zdnet.com/blog/open-source/is-diaspora-too-late/7877.
And on Ars Technica: Ryan Paul, “Hands On: A First Look at Diaspora’s Private Alpha,” Ars Technica, November 29, 2010, http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2010/11/hands-on-a-first-look-at-diasporas-private-alpha-test/.
Sarah Mei, the developer: Sarah Mei, “Disalienation: Why Gender Is a Text Field on Diaspora,” November 26, 2010, SarahMei.com, http://www.sarahmei.com/blog/2010/11/26/disalienation/.
“Facebook develops new features”: Patricio Robles, “Diaspora’s Gender Field Controversy and the Consumer Internet,” Econsultancy, November 30, 2010, http://econsultancy.com/us/blog/6909-diaspora-s-gender-field-controversy-and-the-consumer-internet.
Perhaps the most striking reaction: Tim Berners-Lee, “Long Live the Web: A Call for Continued Open Standards and Neutrality,” Scientific American, November 22, 2010.
CHAPTER FOURTEEN
Almost immediately, a massive cyberattack: Ryan Paul, “Wikileaks Moves to Amazon’s Cloud to Evade Massive DDoS,” Ars Technica, November 30, 2010, http://arstechnica.com/security/2010/11/wikileaks-moves-to-amazons-cloud-to-evade-massive-ddos/.
Within a day, Amazon: Ryan Paul, “Wikileaks Kicked out of Amazon’s Cloud,” Ars Technica, December 1, 2010, http://arstechnica.com/security/2010/12/wikileaks-kicked-out-of-amazons-cloud/.
“Despite its name, ‘cyberspace’”: Nate Anderson, “Where’s Wikileaks? The ‘infowar’ is on as site hops servers,” Ars Technica, December 3, 2010, http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2010/12/wheres-wikileaks-the-infowar-is-on-as-site-hops-servers/.
There were many others, including Ilya: account of Ilya’s participation in Liberation Technology activities during the Arab Spring provided by Yosem Companys in e-mail March 19, 2013, and in interviews March–April 2013.
CHAPTER SIXTEEN
Instead, sipping the Bloody Mary: Video of Ilya’s bike ride with the Bloody Mary, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iY2ilf7KSqs.
The class was called Ideas: Anya Kamenetz, “The Most Influential Women in Technology 2010—Elizabeth Stark,” Fast Company, March 24, 2010, http://www.fastcompany.com/1596380/elizabeth—cofounder-open-video-alliance.
“they were looking for office space”: Pascal Finette, e-mail exchange with Jim Dwyer, March 8, 2013.
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN
“Ilya came up”: E-mail read to me by Adi on April 11, 2013, in phone interview.
At the beginning: Natasha Singer, “A Vault for Taking Charge of Your Online Life,” New York Times, December 8, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/09/business/company-envisions-vaults-for-personal-data.html?pagewanted=1&_r=1&hp&adxnnlx=1354996826-eujerCBnyNUsOGDSyaoexA&.
One tech blog declared: ITProPortal staff writer, “Hands On with Google+,” July 4, 2011, http://www.itproportal.com/2011/07/04/hands-on-google-plus/#ixzz2N5ChtsUa.
John Henshaw of the Raven: “Google+ Runs Circles Around Diaspora,” Raven, June 29, 2011, http://raventools.com/blog/google-copies-diaspora/.
That was why it had: Google Form 10K for fiscal year ending December 31, 2012, http://edgar.secdatabase.com/1404/119312513028362/filing-main.htm.
CHAPTER NINETEEN
The guys were giving him flak: E-mail from Max to Yosem, July 6, 2011.
Google, in fact, had kept: “Why Is Almost Half of Google in Beta?” Royal Pingdom, September 24, 2008, http://royal.pingdom.com/2008/09/24/why-is-almost-half-of-google-in-beta/.
More than 50 million blogs: Matt Brian, “WordPress: Now Powering 50 Million Blogs,” The Next Web, July 10, 2011, http://thenextweb.com/media/2011/07/10/wordpress-now-powering-50-million-blogs/.
CHAPTER TWENTY
Within two months of its creation: Lauren Indvik, “Facebook: Zynga Generates 12% of Our Revenues and We Need Them,” Mashable, February 1, 2011, http://mashable.com/2012/02/01/zynga-facebook-revenue/.
The lowest price: Dylan (one name), “Burning Man Festival 2012: Preview,” SeatGeek, July 26, 2011, http://seatgeek.com/blog/concerts/burning-man-festival-2012-tickets.
CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE
In July, Randi Zuckerberg: Bianca Bosker, “Facebook’s Randi Zuckerberg: Anonymity Online ‘Has to Go Away,’” Huffington Post, July 27, 2011, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/07/27/randi-zuckerberg-anonymity-online_n_910892.html.
Eric Schmidt, the former CEO: Bianca Bosker, “Eric Schmidt on Privacy: Google CEO Says Anonymity Online Is ‘Dangerous,’” Huffington Post, August 10, 2010, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/08/10/eric-schmidt-privacy-stan_n_677224.html.
CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO
To rebut him: Martin Kaste, “Who Are You, Really? Activists Fight for Pseudonyms,” NPR, September 28, 2011, http://m.npr.org/news/front/140879480.
CHAPTER TWENTY-THREE
How often did start-ups fail: Deborah Gage, “The Venture Capital Secret: 3 out of 4 Startups Fail,” Wall Street Journal, September 20, 2012, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10000872396390443720204578004980476429190.
As Drew Houston, who started: Drew Houston, “MIT Commencement Address,” MIT News, June 7, 2013, http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2013/commencement-address-houston-0607.html.
CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX
Officials in San Francisco: Kevin Fagan, “Occupy SF: No Show Raid Invigorates Protesters,” San Francisco Chronicle, October 27, 2011, http://www.sfgate.com/default/article/Occupy-SF-No-show-raid-invigorates-protesters-2325517.php.
CHAPTER TWENTY-EIGHT
Ilya had been blown away: John Brockman, “The Local Global Flip, or the Lanier Effect,” Edge, August 29, 2011, http://www.edge.org/conversation/the-local-global-flip.
technology news section of the Wall Street Journal: Nick Clayton, “Whatever Happened to Diaspora, the ‘Facebook Killer’?” Wall Street Journal, November 7, 2011, http://blogs.wsj.com/tech-europe/2011/11/07/whatever-happened-to-diaspora-the-facebook-killer/.
CHAPTER THIRTY-TWO
Nearly two years to the day: Karen Weise, “On Diaspora’s Social Network, You Own Your Data,” Bloomberg Businessweek, May 10, 2012, http://www.businessweek.com/printer/articles/24762-on-diasporas-social-network-you-own-your-data.
By the spring of 2012: Tomio Geron, “Top Startup Incubators and Accelerators: Y Combinator Tops with $7.8 Billion in Value,” Forbes, April 30, 2012, http://www.forbes.com/sites/tomiogeron/2012/04/30/top-tech-incubators-as-ranked-by-forbes-y-combinator-tops-with-7-billion-in-value/.
she and her crew had spent: Danielle Morrill, “Reflecting on My Career at the 10 Year Mark,” Referly, http://refer.ly/reflecting-on-my-career-at-the-10-year-mark/c/855dd3b2765a11e2bfbf22000a1db8fa.
EPILOGUE
Tim Berners-Lee called for: Jemima Kiss, “An Online Magna Carta: Berners-Lee Calls for Bill of Rights for Web,” The Guardian, March 11, 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/mar/12/online-magna-carta-berners-lee-web.
And with reports emerging: Ryan Gallagher and Glenn Greenwald, “How The NSA Plans to Infect ‘Millions’ of Computers with Malware,” The Intercept, March 12, 2014, https://firstlook.org/theintercept/article/2014/03/12/nsa-plans-infect-millions-computers-malware/.
Mark Zuckerberg spoke out: Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook post, March 13, 2014, https://www.facebook.com/zuck/posts/10101301165605491?stream_ref=1.
INDEX
The page numbers in this index refer to the printed version of this book. The link provided will take you to the beginning of that print page. You may need to scroll forward from that location to find the corresponding reference on your e-reader.
Abbas, Wael, 79–80
ABC No Rio, 151, 168
acqhire, 228
Adler, Charles, 50
advertisin
g, 9, 24, 26, 44, 197, 217, 218, 245
Africa, 80
Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud, 83
Airbnb, 330
Al Kasit, 82
Al-Saqaf, Walid, 80–82
Altman, Mitch, 316–17
Amazon, 29, 50, 58, 175
America Online (AOL), 8–9, 30, 115–16, 118–20, 124, 323
America’s Cup, 266
Ammouial, David, 295, 296
Anderson, Nate, 176
Andreessen, Marc, 115, 117
Android, 190
anonymity, 242–45, 254–55, 258, 345
see also privacy
“anonymous” data, tracing of, 29–30
Anouar, Houeïda, 80–81
Appelbaum, Jacob, 141, 179
Apple, 11, 22, 58, 67, 100, 190, 254, 299
iPad, 66–67
iPhone, 151
Appleseed, 77
Arab Spring, 12, 179–80
Ars Electronica, 130
Ars Technica, 171, 176
Assange, Julian, 175, 280, 281
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 31, 32, 33, 37–41, 43, 46–47
door to room of, 37–38, 52–53
AT&T, 249
Atlantic, 11
Atlas Solutions, 8
Augustus, 345
Aurora, 265–66
BackerKit, 341
Baker, Winifred Mitchell, 113–14, 119–23, 125, 206–8
Ballmer, Steve, 21–22
Barbaro, Michael, 30
Ben Ali, Zine El Abidine, 80
Benenson, Fred, 29, 30, 51–53, 57, 136–37
Bennett, Kyle, 143
Bentham, Jeremy, 26
Berlioz, Jean-Baptiste Tobé, 143, 144
Berners-Lee, Tim, 23, 88, 114–15, 173, 205–6, 344
Betabeat, 217
“Better World by Design, A,” 155
Bezos, Jeff, 41
Bickford, Gardner, 158–59, 177, 231, 246, 309–11, 340
Bina, Eric, 115, 117
Bishara, Fadi, 251–52