William Greer, who drove SS-100-X, has retired from the Secret Service. I visited him at his home in Maryland. His wife was ill and it was not a time to badger a man with ugly memories, but he sat and said: “Go ahead. It will take my mind off other things.” The men of Gawler’s Sons were discreet and ethical. Cliff Carter, who sat with President Johnson that night at The Elms, has a long and accurate memory.
Father Oscar Huber would not have seen me except that he was so angry at an earlier book about the assassination. This was also true of Roy Truly and others—some of whom assert that they were listed as having been interviewed but weren’t. Father Huber, a spiritually complacent man, becomes feverishly angry when he considers an author who claims that the priest, leaving Parkland Memorial Hospital, said: “He’s dead.” “I did not!” Father Huber says, “and I wrote that guy a letter and offered to pay his airfare back to Dallas to prove it to him. He never answered my letters.”
All of the interviews helped to add chips and bits to the research. But the 10,400,000 words of the so-called “Warren Commission Report” is and must remain the primary source of all material on the assassination. It is often repetitious and disorderly, and it required two years for me to read and annotate, but it was worth it. Two sets of the twenty-six volumes were used for cutting out affidavits and placing them in the right minute of the eighteen loose-leaf notebooks I kept on November 22, 1963.
Others who helped to make this book as complete as time and diligence can make it are: My wife Kelly, who helped with interviews, stenographic notes, copying documents, and retyping the manuscript; my daughters Karen and Kathleen, who helped to paste notes in the proper book, sometimes placing a “2:05 P.M.” note in the “2:05 A.M.” book; Mrs. Deloris Goldaker, who typed notes off and on for four years; and Miss Millicent Harrison, who separated the originals from the four carbon copies.
To assist the future researcher, following is a list of the sources used in researching and writing this book.
Source Material
Following is a list of the sources used in the researching and writing of this book.
1. The Warren Commission Report (Condensed Version). Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 1964.
2. The Editors of The New York Times and Viking Press, The Kennedy Years. New York, Viking Press, Inc., 1964.
3. Warren Leslie, Dallas City Limit. New York, Grossman Publishers, 1964.
4. Miami Herald; editions 1963–1968.
5. The New York Times; editions 1963–1968.
6. The Associated Press; 1963–1968.
7. United Press International; 1963–1968.
8. Pierre Salinger and Sandor Vanocur (eds.), A Tribute to John F. Kennedy. Chicago, Encyclopedia Brittanica, Inc., 1964.
9. Bill Adler (ed.), The Kennedy Wit. New York, The Citadel Press, 1964.
10. Four Days. Compiled by United Press International and American Heritage magazine, 1964.
11. JFK Memorial Book. Special edition. Look magazine, November 17, 1964.
12. Paul Ballot, Memorial to Greatness. Aspen Corp., 1964.
13. John W. Gardner, To Turn The Tide. New York, Harper & Row, 1962.
14. Hearings Before the President’s Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, Volumes 1 through 26. Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 1964.
15. John F. Kennedy, Profiles in Courage. New York, Harper & Row, 1955.
16. G. Lieberson and J. Meyers, John Fitzgerald Kennedy . . . As We Remember Him. New York, Atheneum Press. Columbia Records, 1965.
17. James MacGregor Burns, John Kennedy: A Political Profile. New York, Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc., 1959.
18. The Speeches of Senator John F. Kennedy. Presidential Campaign of 1960. Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 1961.
19. Public Papers of the Presidents of the U.S. John F. Kennedy, 1963. Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 1964.
20. John Hersey, “Survival”; reprinted in Here To Stay. New York, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1963.
21. Jacques Lowe, Portrait: The Emergence of John F. Kennedy. New York, McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1961.
22. William Manchester, Portrait of a President. New York, Little, Brown and Company, 1962.
23. Joseph McCarthy, The Remarkable Kennedys. New York, The Dial Press, Inc., 1960.
24. Hugh Sidey, John F. Kennedy, President. New York, Atheneum Press, 1963.
25. Jim Bishop, A Day in the Life of President Kennedy. New York, Random House, Inc., 1964.
26. Anne H. Lincoln, The Kennedy White House Parties. New York, The Viking Press, Inc., 1966.
27. NBC News Staff, Seventy Hours and Thirty Minutes. New York, Random House, Inc., 1966.
28. Fred J. Cook, “The Warren Commission Report”: Part I, “Some Unanswered Questions”; Part II, “Testimony of the Eye Witnesses.” The Nation, 1966.
29. Photoplay magazine; editions 1963–1968.
30. Charles Roberts, The Truth About the Assassination. New York, Grosset & Dunlap, Inc., Publishers, 1967.
31. Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., A Thousand Days. Boston, Houghton Mifflin Company, 1965.
32. William Manchester, Death of a President. New York, Harper & Row, 1967.
33. Theodore C. Sorensen, Kennedy. New York, Harper & Row, 1965.
34. Sylvia Meagher, Accessories After the Fact: The Warren Commission, The Authorities and The Report. Indianapolis, The Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1967.
35. Jean Stafford, A Mother in History. New York, Farrar, Straus, Giroux Inc., 1965.
36. Esquire magazine, December 1966.
37. Richard J. Whalen, The Founding Father. New York, The New American Library, 1964.
38. Penn Jones, Jr., Forgive My Grief. Midlothian, Texas, Midlothian Mirror, 1964.
39. Gore Vidal, “The Holy Family.” Esquire magazine, April 1966.
40. Inaugural Spectacle. Special edition, Life magazine, 1961.
41. Harold W. Chase and Allen W. Lerman (eds.), Kennedy and the Press. New York, Thomas Y. Crowell Co., 1965.
42. William H. A. Carr, JFK, An Informal Biography. New York, Lancer Books Inc., 1962.
43. Deane and David Heller, Jacqueline Kennedy. New York, Lancer Books Inc., 1962.
44. Mark Shaw, The John F. Kennedys. New York, The Noonday Press, 1959.
45. Arnold Bennett, Jackie, Bobby and Manchester, The Story Behind the Headlines. New York, Bee-Line Books Inc., 1967.
46. Edward Hymoff and Phil Hirsch, The Kennedy Courage. New York, Pyramid Books, 1965.
47. Lonnelle Aikman, The Living White House. Washington, D.C., National Geographic, 1966.
48. Stanley P. Friedman, The Magnificent Kennedy Women. New York, Monarch Books Inc., 1964.
49. Evelyn Lincoln, My Twelve Years with Kennedy. New York, David McKay Co. Inc., 1965.
50. Theodore H. White, The Making of a President. New York, Atheneum House, Inc., 1961.
51. Assassination of a President. The New York Times, special edition, 1963.
52. Robert J. Donovan, PT 109, JFK in World War II. New York, Fawcett World Library, 1961.
54. Mark Lane, Rush to Judgment. New York, Holt, Rinehart & Winston, Inc., 1966.
55. Ramparts, November 1966.
56. NBC News Staff, There Was a President. New York, Random House, Inc., 1967.
57. Time magazine; editions 1963–1968.
58. Sylvan Fox, The Unanswered Questions About President Kennedy’s Assassination. New York, Award Books, 1965.
59. U.S. News and World Report; editions 1963–1968.
60. Harold Weisberg, Whitewash. New York, Dell Publishing Co., 1965.
61. Harry A. Squires, “Will the Spell be Broken?” Southland Supplement, Long Beach Independent Press-Telegram, 1963.
62. Lawrence Van Gelder, Why the Kennedys Lost the Book Battle. New York, Award Books, 1967.
63. Maude Shaw, “White House Nannie.” Southern News Serv
ices Ltd., 1965.
64. Thomas G. Buchanan, Who Killed Kennedy? New York, G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1964.
65. Pierre Salinger, With Kennedy. Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.
66. Newspaper columns by Drew Pearson and Jack Anderson 1963–1968. Copyright by Bell-McClure Syndicate.
67. Newsweek; editions 1963–1968.
68. Articles by Peter Lisagor. Miami Herald-Chicago Daily News, 1967.
69. Robert Oswald and Barbara Land, Lee, A Portrait of Lee Harvey Oswald. New York, Coward-McCann, Inc., 1967.
70. Jim Matthews, Four Dark Days in History. Carmel, Calif., Special Publications Inc., 1963.
71. Interviews by Jim Bishop.
72. R. B. Denson (ed.), Destiny in Dallas. Dallas, Denco Corp., 1964.
73. Josiah Thompson, Six Seconds in Dallas. New York, Bernard Geis Associates, 1967.
74. John Connolly, “Why Kennedy Went to Texas.” Life magazine, 1967.
75. Article by David Pearson. Miami Herald, November 22, 1967.
76. Paul Ballot (ed.), The Thousand Days. New York, The Citadel Press, 1964.
77. Look magazine; editions 1963–1968.
78. Frances S. Leighton, “First Lady’s First Day.” This Week magazine, United Newspapers Magazine Corp., 1964.
79. The Daily News; editions 1963–1968.
80. Life magazine; editions 1963–1968.
81. Jimmy Breslin, “Death in Emergency Room One.” The Saturday Evening Post, 1963.
82. Radio Free Europe; transcripts 1963–1968.
83. Mrs. John Connolly, “Since That Day in Dallas.” McCall’s magazine, 1964.
84. Jessamyn West, “Prelude to Tragedy, The Woman Who Sheltered Lee Oswald’s Family Tells Her Story.” Redbook magazine, 1964.
85. Dr. Renatus Hartogs and Lucy Freeman, The Two Assassins. New York, Thomas Y. Crowell Co., 1965.
86. Encyclopedia Brittanica, 1965 edition.
87. The Warren Report. Published by Associated Press, 1965.
88. Operating Room Nurses Journal, November 1967.
89. Jim Bishop, A Day in the Life of President Johnson. New York, Random House, Inc., 1967.
90. Relman Morin, Assassination. The Death of President Kennedy. A Signet Book. New York, The New American Library, 1968.
91. Evelyn Lincoln, Kennedy & Johnson. New York, Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1968.
92. The National Archives.
Index
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A
Ables, Don, 378–379, 504
Abt, John, 303–305, 320, 400–401, 457–458, 554n, 605, 639n, 656, 686
Acme Brick Company, 373–376
Adamcik, John (Detective), 359–362, 477–478, 492, 544, 600–601, 612
Adams, Vickie, 167
Advance Syndicate, 42
Air Force One (Presidential Aircraft 26000), 6, 85, 97–98, 100–105, 107–112, 116–125,245–246, 250–251,261–263,271–273, 295–296, 299–300, 305–313, 315–318, 320–322, 327–329, 342, 347, 353–359, 371, 393–399, 401–402, 407–413
Air Force Two (Aircraft 86970), 85, 107–112, 116–125, 296, 307, 322
Akin, Dr. Gene, 201
Albert, Carl B., 522
Alexander, Mr. and Mrs. Birge, 86–87
Alexander, William, 472–473, 587, 614, 654
American Booksellers Association, 607
American Broadcasting Company (ABC), 132, 133, 197
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 303, 304, 553, 602–606, 627–628, 639n, 656–657, 686
Andrews Air Force Base, 311, 320–322, 344–347, 371, 401–402, 407–418, 433, 490, 615, 646–647
Arce, Danny, 57–58, 128, 154, 162–163
Arlington National Cemetery, 384, 557, 665–666
Associated Press (AP), 42, 132, 133, 181–182, 194, 211
Auchincloss, Mrs. Hugh, 339–340, 381–383, 451, 465–466
B
Bagman, The (Ira Gearhart), 5–6, 97, 108, 202–203, 240, 248, 273
Bailey, John, 578–579
Baker, Mrs. Donald S., 171
Baker, T. L., 175, 180, 182, 291
Bales, Art, 76, 202
Ball, George, 411, 416, 417, 428–429, 616
Barmett, W. E., 192–193
Barnes, Sgt. E. E., 518–520
Barnett, W. B., 95–96
Bartlett (Nurse), 190
Bartlett, Charles and Mary, 513
Bartlett, Orin, 640
Bashour, Dr. Fouad, 201
Baskin, Robert, 181, 196
Batchelor, Assistant Chief Charles O., 52, 76, 114, 255, 364, 584–585, 625, 654
Baughman, Sgt. Walter, 214
Baxter, Dr. Charles, 284, 352
Behn, Gerald A. (Jerry), 38–42, 75, 197, 198, 217, 231, 245, 383, 416, 417, 489
Bell, Jack, 42, 132, 181–182, 194
Belmont, Alan, 469, 522, 523, 640, 675
Benavides, Domingo, 257, 258–259
Bennett, Glen, 132, 195
Bentley, Paul, 280–281
Berger, Andy, 298–299
Bergstrom Air Force Base, 109, 121
Bernstein, Robert, xiv–xv
Bethesda Naval Hospital, 357–358, 372, 409, 438–440, 447, 450–454, 474–477, 485–486, 498–503, 512–514, 516–517, 525, 532–534, 549–550, 558–561, 571–573, 582–584, 598–599, 647–648, 652–653, 665–666, 668–671
Bible, Senator Alan, 311
Biffle, Ken, 405
Bishop, Kelly, xi, xii, 689
Bledsoe, Mary, 210–211
Boland, Dr. James, 243
Boles, Dr. Russell, Jr., 371–372
Bookhout, James, 301, 304, 326, 581
Boone, Deputy Eugene, 256
Booth, Edwin, 376
Booth, John Wilkes, 376
Boring, Floyd, 40, 41, 514–516, 549, 561
Boswell, Cmdr. J. Thornton, 453, 454, 474, 499–503, 516–517, 517n, 532–534, 560, 571–573, 582–584
Bowers, Lee E., Jr., 183
Bowron, Nurse Diana, 196, 200–201, 232, 270, 297
Boyd, E. L., 93, 292, 304, 626
Boyd, Truman, 50–51
Brend, Charles, 175
Brennan, Howard L., 162–163, 165, 172, 174, 176, 180, 192–193, 252–253, 347–348, 458–461, 462–463, 586
Brewer, Patrolman E. D., 222
Brewer, Johnny Calvin, 274–277, 281, 462
Brian, V. J., 302
Brinkley, David, 197, 310–311, 548, 607
Brooks, Jack, 203, 250
Brown, C. W., 155, 378, 457, 458
Brown, Earle V., 182–183
Brown, Edmund G. (Pat), 27, 230
Browning Societies, 143
Brown, Judge Joe B., xvi, 689
Bryan, John Neely, 142
Buck, Raymond (Ray), 62, 71, 77, 78
Bundy, McGeorge, 137–138, 356, 356n, 383, 385, 396, 398, 411, 416, 417, 430–431
Burkley, Dr. George, 4, 7–8, 61–62, 108–109, 134, 202, 217, 224, 244–245, 285n, 286, 299, 316, 328, 355–358, 396, 411, 412, 452, 501, 549, 550, 560, 572, 642, 647, 652–653, 665
Burroughs, Butch, 274–276, 279
Busby, Horace, 560
Butler, Lt. George, 625
Byrd, Senator Harry, 311
C
Cabell, Mayor Earle, 132, 196, 311, 330, 331, 530, 548–549, 604
Cabell, Elizabeth (Mrs. Earle), 132, 175–176, 270
Callahan, John A., 274
Callaway, Ted, 259, 459, 461, 462
Camelot, 678
Campbell, Don J., 151
Campbell, Ochus V., 154–155, 162–163, 228
Campble, Reverend, 544, 579, 639
Camp, Christine, 117, 619
Canada, Capt. R. O., Jr., 347, 412, 438–440, 485, 502, 653n
Candid Camera, 336–337
Cape Canaveral (Cape Kennedy), xiii–xiv
&nb
sp; Carousel Club (Dallas), 151, 349–352, 380, 427, 575, 651, 658, 662
Carpenter, Elizabeth (Liz), 108, 307, 354, 358–359, 397, 446, 449–450, 517–518, 594
Carrico, Dr. Charles J., 191, 200–201, 227, 372, 502
Carr, Mrs. Waggoner, 108
Carr, Waggoner, 108, 526
Carroll, Bob, 279, 280
Carroll, Marion, 526
Carswell Air Force Base (Fort Worth), 6, 7, 45, 97–98, 100–112, 645
Carter, Amon, 31
Carter, Clifton (Cliff), 199–200, 251, 464, 526, 531–532, 543, 560, 595–596, 663, 664–665, 690
Castro, Fidel, 15, 304, 541, 587, 677
Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception (Washington, D.C.), 558
CBS, 197
Cellar, The (Fort Worth), 32–33
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 6, 38–39, 342, 471, 498, 524
Cerf, Bennett, xv
Cermak, Charles, 547
Chance (Patrolman), 155
Chance Vought Aircraft, 146
Chayes, Abram, 429–430, 471, 523–524
Chester, Jerrol F., 453
Childers, Sgt. R. C., 112
Clark, Richard, 378–379
Clark, Robert, 132, 181
Clark, Dr. William Kemp, 201, 215, 227, 244–245, 284–285, 372–373, 502
Clements, Manning C., 581, 600–602
Clifton, Maj. Gen. Chester V. (Ted), Jr., 5–6, 108, 240, 267, 273, 316, 342, 357, 396, 398–399, 416, 550–551
Cloy, Capt. Richard C., 283, 283n
Coleman, Kay Helen, 660–662
Collective, The (Oswald), 36
Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), 197
Communists, 11, 13, 25, 26, 39, 68, 144, 294, 301, 304, 341–343, 359, 554, 602, 632
Connally, Governor John B., 9, 20–21, 39, 44–46, 61–62, 70–71, 82, 101, 102, 109, 114, 117, 118, 120, 123–124, 129–130, 134, 135, 151, 153, 158, 168, 172–174, 177, 178, 194, 196–198, 200–201, 203, 226, 242–244, 268, 272–273, 297, 352, 369, 376–377, 406, 424, 433, 470, 515–516, 540, 569, 641n, 646, 674, 687
Connally, John, Jr., 376–377
Connally, Nellie (Mrs. John B.), 9, 46, 47–48, 61, 70–71, 77, 82, 102, 103, 109, 117, 124, 129–130, 168, 170, 174, 177, 178, 196, 203–204, 215–216, 226–227, 243, 246, 355, 376–377, 450, 515