ISIS. See Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS)
Islamic extremism, viii, 24, 26, 27, 35, 36, 44, 52–53, 54, 66, 84, 122–23, 183, 245, 252, 262
assassination of Theo van Gogh, 275n91
leaderless jihadist attacks, 35
lessening of appeal of, 210–11, 244–45
and lone wolves, 36, 230–33, 248
use of the Internet, 204, 248
women participating in, 124–25, 136–37, 138–39, 140, 141–42. See also Choudhry, Roshonara; LaRose, Colleen
See also al Qaeda; anti-Islamic extremism; Hasan, Nidal Malik; Reilly, Nicky
Islamic Resistance Movement. See Hamas
Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), viii
Ismailis (Shi'a Islamic sect), 145–47
Israel, 212
Israeli hostages at Munich Olympic games, 59–60
and Israeli-Palestinian conflict, 115–16, 119, 124, 125, 172, 186, 241, 262
Oslo Accords, 171–75, 176, 178
See also Amir, Yigal; El Al airlines; Rabin, Yitzhak, assassination of
Italy
Galleanists (Italian anarchist group), 16, 104, 186
Italian version of the Unabomber, 19, 240
Red Brigades of Italy, 27, 122, 129
Ivins, Bruce, 19, 95–104, 108, 189, 226, 231, 242
mental state of, 98–99, 102, 103, 104, 203, 208, 234, 257–58
motivations of, 230, 251, 279n45
See also anthrax, anthrax letters; photo inserts
Jaeger, Ingrid. See Albrecht, Susan
Jamieson, Alison, 129
Japan
Red Army of Japan, 27
Tokyo subway system nerve gas attack in 1995, 42, 90–91, 93, 108
Jenkins, Brian Michael, 7–11, 112, 245
Jewel, Richard, 61
JFK (film), 168
“Jihad Jane.” See LaRose, Colleen
Johnson, Lyndon, 169–70
Johnson, Sally, 78
Joint Terrorism Task Force, 209
Journal-American (newspaper), 221, 223, 224
J. P. Morgan building, bombing of in 1920, 15, 105
Kaczynski, David, 77
Kaczynski, Theodore (aka Unabomber), 19, 41, 75–79, 83, 84, 86, 185–86, 188, 215, 238, 257, 264
FBI questioning whether a terrorist, 260–61, 262
jealousy of attention paid to Timothy McVeigh, 222
manifesto of, 10, 52, 77–78, 201–202, 222, 223, 262. See also photo inserts
mental state of, 10, 78, 79, 82, 85, 131, 234
motivations of, 77, 85, 223, 264
See also photo inserts
Kanzi, Amil, 261, 262, 304Appendixn11
Kappa Kappa Gamma (KKG) sorority, 96–97, 100
Kennedy, Jackie, 148
Kennedy, John F., assassination of, 148, 164–71, 178
Kennedy, Robert, assassination of, 169
Khabab, Abu, 93
Khaled, Leila, 115–16, 117, 118–19, 126
Khomeini, Ayatollah, 27
kidnappings as a terrorist tactic, 40, 90, 109, 119–20, 122, 149. See also barricade-hostage incidents, hostage taking; hijackings
Kill the Best Gentiles! (Von Brunn), 57–58
King, Daisie, 68
King, Martin Luther, Jr., assassination of, 169
King's College (London), 139
Kiprianou, Spiros, 72
KKG. See Kappa Kappa Gamma (KKG) sorority
Kok, Wim, 64
“Koranic World View as It Relates to Muslims in the U.S. Military, The” (Hasan), 55
Koupparis, Panos, 72–74, 83, 84, 85, 86, 276n103
Kristianse, Janne, 50
Kurbegovic, Muharem (aka Alphabet Bomber and Isaiak Rasim), 10, 74, 79–86, 106, 131, 186, 201, 222–23
mental state of, 82, 85, 234
See also photo inserts
Kurdistan Worker's Party (PKK), 123
Labor Party (Israel), 175
Labor Party (Norway), 19, 49, 51, 84
Lane, Mark, 168
LaRose, Colleen, 19–20, 31, 135–39, 142–43, 202, 230, 235–36, 248. See also photo inserts
Lazell, Martin, 191–92
“leaderless resistance,” 34–36
leaderless jihadist attacks, 35, 183
Leahy, Patrick, 100
Lebanon
attack on Marine barracks in Beruit, 123, 282n27
return of hostages from, 237, 243
suicide attacks in, 279–80n51
left-wing extremism, 45, 53, 78, 120–21, 122, 126, 174, 247. See also New Left Wave of terrorism begun in 1960s
Lembke, Michael. See photo inserts
Lewis, Bernard, 145
Lewis, Loran, 161
Lia, Brynjar, 25
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), 113, 123
Libya, 181–82, 252, 280–81n7
Liebermann, Joe, 9
Likud Party (in Israel), 175
Lincoln, Abraham, assassination of, 157
Linscott, Mara, 98, 99
List Pim Fortuyn (LPF) (party in Netherlands), 64
Little Rock, AR, terrorism in army recruiting office, 8, 192
Lockerbie, Scotland, bombing plane over, 185
London, England, 186
prevalence of security cameras in, 190
riots in 2011, 191
“London Nailbomber.” See Copeland, David
lone wolves
ability to kill strangers, 132–33
as archetypal antihero, 7
assassinations by, 145–79. See also assassinations
behavior of, 10, 44, 207, 210, 255. See also mental state of lone wolves; psychological profiles of lone wolf attackers
believing in a cause, 16
categories of, 43–46, 84. See also criminal lone wolves; idiosyncratic lone wolves; religious lone wolves; secular lone wolves; single-issue lone wolves
characteristics of, 18
countering the “hero status” of, 225–26
creative and innovative nature of, 21–22, 85, 103–107, 112, 241–42, 248–50, 255
definition of lone wolf terrorism, 10, 251, 259–66
early warning signs of lone wolf terrorists, 207–10
encouraging lone wolves to communicate, 222–24
explaining behavior of, 42
foreign and military policy changes not effecting, 231
identifying, 8, 39–87
impact of on terrorism, 20–21
and “leaderless resistance,” 34–36
lulls in terrorist attacks, 237–39
motivations of lone wolves, 40–43, 84–85
of Anders Breivik, 30, 52, 84, 230
of Bruce Ivins, 230, 251, 279n45
differing by type of lone wolf, 84
of Eric Rudolph, 60, 61, 62–63, 85
motivations for women terrorists, 127, 283n36
of Theodore Kaczynski, 77, 85, 223, 264
of Timothy McVeigh, 10, 17, 46, 47–48, 84, 230
not just Islamic extremists, viii–ix, 230–33
potential for use of WMDs, 92, 94–95
psychological comparison of lone wolves and terrorist group members, 233–34
responsive measures after an attack, 213–17
riskiness of, 128–30
statistics on lone wolf terrorism, 239–41, 300–301n14
strategies for dealing with, 181–227
tactics of. See also assassinations; barricade-hostage incidents; bombings; chemical weapons; cyberterrorism; hijackings; kidnappings; product contamination; shootings; suicide attacks
tactics of lone wolves, 40–43, 84–85
targets of lone wolves, 10, 21, 25, 39–43, 59, 61, 84, 109–10, 217
effect of violence on targets, 37, 207, 236, 238, 257
governments as targets, 92, 94, 105, 121, 122–23, 146, 177, 181, 233, 236
use of Internet to study targets, 20, 29, 32, 106, 142, 192, 235
terrorism databases not tracking, 1
28
threats from, 23–38
future of, 243–53
reasons why dangerous, 89–112
use of Internet, 20, 29–34, 52, 84, 201–207, 224, 225, 235, 236, 256
warning signs for lone wolf terrorists, 70, 142, 160, 179, 203, 207–210
women lone wolves, 113–43. See also Choudhry, Roshonara; LaRose, Colleen
factors that might make more women lone wolves, 134–35
reasons why there are so few, 127–34
See also names of specific lone wolves, i.e., Anders Breivik, Eric Rudolph, etc.
Los Angeles Greyhound bus station, planned bombing at, 80
Los Angeles Herald-Examiner (newspaper), 80
Los Angeles International Airport, 10
bombing of Pan Am terminal lobby, 79–80, 81
killings at El Al ticket counter, 10, 262
Unabomber threatening, 76
Los Angeles Times (newspaper), 117
Loughner, Jared, 131
LPF. See List Pim Fortuyn
LTTE. See Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
Luddism, Theodore Kaczynski's writings reflecting, 77–78
“Mad Bomber.” See Metesky, George
Mafia, 168
Malik, Tashfeen, viii
malintent, theory of, 199, 201
Manchester, William, 148
manifestos, 204, 206, 236
of Anders Breivik, 10, 29–30, 50–51, 52, 53, 202, 204–205, 236
of Colleen La Rose, 235–36
of Joseph Stack, 30, 202, 204–205
letters of Charles Guiteau, 153–54
promoting Croatian independence, 77, 116, 117
Marines barracks in Beirut, attack on, 123, 282n27
Marxist-Maoist revolution, 121
Masada, fortress of, 146
matching, types of biometric, 197
Mateen, Omar, viii
McKinley, William, assassination of, 158–63, 178. See also photo inserts
McLuhan, Marshall, 168
McNamara, Robert, 170
McVeigh, Jennifer, 47
McVeigh, Timothy, 16, 24, 41, 46–49, 52, 83–84, 86, 134, 222, 231, 237, 242, 256–57, 270n10
mental state of, 234
and Michigan militia, 17, 42, 47, 207
motivations of, 10, 17, 46, 47–48, 84, 230
receiving assistance from Terry Nichols, 18, 46–47, 266
See also photo inserts
media and terrorists, 207, 236
al Sahab (media arm of al Qaeda), 210
need for increased public awareness, 212–13
need to emphasize impact of attacks on victims, 226
use of media to catch Franz Fuchs, 218
Meinhof, Ulrike, 120–21, 126, 281n20. See also Baader-Meinhof Gang
mental state of lone wolves, 10, 44, 255
of Anders Breivik, 234
of Bruce Ivins, 98–99, 102, 103, 104, 203, 208, 234, 257–58
of Charles Guiteau, 176, 177, 178, 234
of Eric Rudolph, 234
of George Metesky, 221–22
impact of on creativity, 106–107
of Leon Czolgosz, 161–62, 290n59
lone wolves not always crazy, 233–34
and the M'Naghten Rule, 161–62, 289–90n58
of Muharem Kurbegovic, 82, 85, 234
of Nidal Malik Hasan, 208, 234
paranoid schizophrenia in, 10, 45, 78, 79, 82, 221–22
less common in women, 131–32
psychological makeup of lone wolf assassins, 176–79
of Theodore Kaczynski, 10, 78, 79, 82, 85, 131, 234
of Timothy McVeigh, 234
women less likely to have personality disorders found in lone wolves, 131–32
See also idiosyncratic lone wolves; psychological profiles of lone wolf attackers
Merah, Mohammed, 198
Metesky, George, 219–22, 223–24, 238
Metropolitan Police Department Bomb Squad (London), 186
Michel, Lou, 270n10
Michigan Militia, 17, 42, 47, 207
Midwood High School (Brooklyn, NY), 281–82n24
“militants,” definition of, 260
military measures against terrorist organizations, 182
militias. See Michigan Militia
Minority Report (film), 200
Missouri State Highway Patrol, 188
M'Naghten, Daniel, 289–90n58
M'Naghten Rule, 161–62, 289–90n58
Muhammad (Prophet), caricatures of, 19, 137
Moore, Sara Jane, 177
Morocco, Theodore Roosevelt's policy toward, 163
Moscow theater, attack on by Chechens, 124
Mosser, Thomas, 261
motivations of lone wolves, 40–43, 84–85
of Anders Breivik, 30, 52, 84, 230
of Bruce Ivins, 230, 251, 279n45
differing by type of lone wolf, 84
of Eric Rudolph, 60, 61, 62–63, 85
motivations for women terrorists, 127
adding rape to list, 283n36
of Theodore Kaczynski, 77, 85, 223, 264
of Timothy McVeigh, 10, 17, 46, 47–48, 84, 230
Mueller, Thomas, 218
Muhammad, Abdulhakim Mujahid (aka Carlos Bledsoe), 7–8, 192
Multinational Force in Lebanon, 282n27
Mumbai, India, terrorist attack in, 89, 191
Munich Massacre, 59–60
Murphy, NC, and folk-hero status for Eric Rudolph, 62
My Pet Jawa (website), 138
MySpace, 19, 136, 138, 202
nail bombs, 24, 31, 190, 203, 213. See also Copeland, David; Reilly, Nicky
Narodnaya Volya [“The People's Will”], 113, 114–15, 146
National Academy of Sciences, 102
National Operations Center of Department of Homeland Security, 205
National Security Preparedness Group, 184
NATO
bombing of Serbia in 1999, 51
targeted by RAF, 121
NBC News, 100
neo-Nazi terrorist activities, 24, 30, 31, 44, 45, 57, 84, 92, 93, 190, 202, 218. See also Copeland, David
nerve gas, 8, 109
Muharem Kurbegovic's threats to use, 75, 79, 82, 186
used in Tokyo subway system, 42, 90–91, 93, 108
Netanyahu, Benjamin, 175
Netherlands
assassination of Pim Fortuyn, 64–67, 240, 242
assassination of Theo van Gogh, 240, 275n91
Neville-Jones, Pauline (baroness), 142
New Jersey, bombing in, 261
New Left Wave of terrorism begun in 1960s, 26–27, 244. See also left-wing extremism
New York Chamber of Commerce, 18, 251
New York, NY
bombing attempt in Times Square, 8, 56, 214–15, 265, 297–98n71
Galleanist bombing in, 16
Grand Central Station bombing, 220
hijacking/suicide attack on September 11, 2001. See September 11, 2001
“Mad Bomber” in, 219–22
New York Public Library bombing, 220
Wall Street bombing of 1920, 15, 18, 19, 94–95, 104–105, 241, 251
World Trade Center bombing of 1993, 18, 42, 46, 164, 237, 243
New York Post (newspaper), 100, 279n45
New York Times (newspaper), 51, 77, 117, 148, 208, 220, 262, 267n4
Next Generation Identification system (NGI) of the FBI, 196, 197. See also photo inserts
Nichols, Terry, 18, 46–47, 266
9/11 attacks. See September 11, 2001
Nobel, Alfred, 114
Noble County Courthouse (Perry, OK). See photo inserts
“no-fly” list, 198, 297–98n71
“non-combatant,” changing definition of, 259–60, 264
Northern Ireland, IEDs found in, 248
Northwest Airlines, passengers preventing a bombing, 212
Northwestern Univ
ersity, bombing at, 75
Norway
shootings at youth camp on Utoya Island, 10, 19, 40, 49–50, 83, 230, 240, 241. See also photo inserts
vehicle bombs in Oslo, 10, 19, 40, 83, 230, 241
Norwegian Police Security Service, 50, 53
nuclear power plants
disaster in Chernobyl, 73
employment screening in, 198–99
nuclear weapons, 92, 108
al Qaeda considering use of, 93–94
and Cuban missile crisis, 291n86
least probable WMD for lone wolf to choose, 111–12
US and NATO and nuclear weapons in Europe, 121
Obama, Barack, 23, 212, 252
Oklahoma City, OK, bombing, 10, 15, 16, 17–18, 41, 42, 46–49, 61, 86, 207, 222, 230, 237, 242, 256–57, 266. See also photo inserts
“Old Man of the Mountain.” See Sabbah, Hasan
Olympics
Chechen efforts to sabotage the 2014 Winter Olympic Games in Russia, 246
Summer Olympic Games in Atlanta, GA, bombings at, 59–61, 86, 215, 225
Summer Olympic Games in Munich, taking of Israeli hostages, 59–60
Oneida Community (upstate New York), 150–51
“one-to-many” and “one-to-one” matching, 197
Operation Tripwire of the FBI, 209
Orlando, Florida, attack in, vii, viii
Oslo, Norway, bombing in, 10, 19, 49, 50, 176, 202, 206, 230, 241
Oslo Accords, 171, 172, 173, 178
Oswald, Lee Harvey, 148, 164–71, 177, 178, 291n76
Oswald, Marguerite, 165, 170
Oswald, Marina, 166–67, 170, 291n76
Oswald, Robert, 170, 171, 176
“overseas contingency operations,” 252
Pakistan
accused of being involved in Mumbai attacks, 89
al Qaeda leaders in, 183
extremists encouraging Nicky Reilly, 32, 203
Palestine, 55, 124–25, 285n69
and the assassination of Yitzhak Rabin, 43, 171–76
hostage exchange after hijackings, 280–81n7
and Israeli-Palestinian conflict, 115–16, 119, 124, 125, 172, 186, 241, 262
first intifada, 172
Oslo Accords, 171–75, 176, 178
Jewish uprising against Roman rule, 146
Palestinian Authority, 172
Palestinian terrorists taking Israeli hostages at Munich Olympic games, 59–60
sponsoring terrorist groups. See Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade; Hamas; Palestine Liberation Organization; Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
Palestine Liberation Organization, 35, 172
Palmer, A. Mitchell, 18, 104
palmprint matching, use of for identification, 196
Panama Canal, building of, 163
Pan American World Airways, 79
guilty of failing to prevent 1988 bombing, 185
hijackings, 116, 280–81n7
Panetta, Leon, 23