Picasso, Pablo (1881–1973), Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, Portrait of Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler 251
Pizarro, Francisco (c.1470–1541) 82
Plague, The 171, 172, 177, 211
Planck, Max Karl Ernst Ludwig (1858–1947) 253, 265, 278
Planets, paths of 121, 128, 129, 147, 148, 149–50, 154, 160, 169, 188, 253, 264, 272–3, 274
Plasma-physics 264
Plato (428–348 BC) 319
Plough, invention of 61–2, 65
Polycrates (d.c.522 BC) 120
Pope, Alexander (1688–1744), Lines written in Windsor-Forest 176–7
Priestley, Joseph (1733–1804) 113–15, 208
Proconsul africanus, also known as Dryopithecus africanus 33, 37
Protein structure 78, 238, 239, 263, 300, 301, 302; adenine in 240, 241, 298, 299; evolution of 240; in haemoglobin 235; in myoglobin 238; see also Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Ptolemy, Claudius (2nd century AD) 128, 137, 147, 150, 158, 159; Almagest 137
Pueblo tribes, Arizona 75–8
Pyramids 89, 101, 123, 264
Pythagoras (c.570–500 BC) 83, 120–7, 133–4, 142, 171, 180; Theorem 120–6, 134, 256
Qanats, Khuzistan 62–3
Quipu 81
Ramapithecus punjabicus 33
Raphael, Santi (1483–1520) 319
Reformation, the, and Counter-Reformation 112, 155–6, 169–70
Renaissance 137–40, 150, 157–8, 216; moves to Northern Europe 170, 319, 320
Revolutions, Industrial 197–217; scientific 167–8, 169–70; 17thcentury 169–71; 18th-century 113–15, 197–208; 19th-century 287
Rheims Cathedral, France 86–9
Rift Valley, East Africa 22, 23, 59
Rodia, Simon (1879–1965) 94; The Watts Towers 94
Röntgen, Wilhelm Konrad (1843–1923) 251, 270
Rome, Ancient, culture and architecture of 85, 86, 87, 104, 124, 208, 326, 328
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano (1882–1945) 281–4
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1712–1778) 319
Rudolf, Lake, Kenya, Ethiopia 22, 27
Ruskin, John (1819–1900), The Stones of Venice 86
Russell, Bertrand (1872–1970) 193
Rutherford, Ernest, First Baron (1871–1937) 252–3, 255, 264, 281
Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, California 279, 280, 284, 300
Schelling, Friederich Wilhelm Joseph von (1775–1854), Naturphilosophie 213
Schrödinger, Erwin (1887–1961) 276, 279
Scientific societies: Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg 250; Accademia Cimento, Rome 151; British Association for the Advancement of Science 281; Linnean Society, London 234; Lunar Society of Birmingham 209–11; Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society 116–18; Natural History Society, Brno 292; Royal Society of London 174, 176, 178, 181, 182, 193, 198, 206, 209, 310
Selkirk, Alexander (1676–1721) 146
Seurat, Georges (1859–1891), Young Woman with a Powder Puff, Le Bec 252
Shakespeare, William (1564–1616) 151, 176; Hamlet 318–19; King Lear 274; Othello 151; The Merchant of Venice 151; The Tempest 120
Skinner, Burrhus Frederic (1904) 310
Socrates (470–399 BC) 321, 322
Sophocles (c.496–406 BC), Electra 149
Space, measurement of 119, 136, 139–42, 184, 185, 195
Spectrum, of information 267–77; of light 173, 190–1; of organic molecules in stars 242; the atomic 253–6
Stalin, Joseph (1879–1953) 69
Statistical analysis 262, 273–4
Steel-making 101–4
Stone, form in 91, 268; in architecture 78; Inca 78–80
Stratified Stability, Theory of 260–4
Sulphur 107, 108, 109, 116, 246, 260; sulphides of mercury 107, 109
Sultaniyeh, Persia 69, 71, 314
Sumerian civilisation 62, 80, 119, 123, 124, 143, 326, 328 Sun 173, 187, 260, 264
Sutton Hoo Burial 93
Swift, Jonathan (1667–1745) 322; Gulliver’s Travels 182, 206, 276
Symmetry, studies of 124, 125, 133–6
Szilard, Leo (1889–1964) 193, 279–85
Taung skull 26–8, 34, 312, 317
Teeth, human, evolution of 26, 33, 36
Telescope 44, 45, 152–5, 161, 172, 185
Telford, Thomas (1757–1834),
Llangollen Aqueduct 208
Thomson, Sir Joseph John (1856–1940) 250, 252, 264
Tile patterns, symmetries of 124, 133–4
Time, measurement of 139–42, 143, 170, 184, 185, 187, 195
Tolerance, Principle of 272–9
Tools 21–2, 26, 34–9, 53, 76–7, 88, 92–3, 94, 123, 307
Topi 25
Topolski, Feliks (1907) 267
Toscanini, Arturo (1867–1957) 279 Trajan, Marcus Ulpius, emperor of Rome (98–117) 85 Transhumance 39–42, 49
Trevithick, Richard (1771–1833) 214
Trismegistus, Hermes 149
Uccello, Paolo (c.1396–1475), Perspective analysis 140
Uncertainty, Principle of 272–9
Unfer, Franz (1800–1870) 290
Urban VIII, Pope, Maffeo Barberini (1568–1644) 157–67
Ussher, James, Archbishop of Armagh (1581–1656) 259
Vatican, the 138, 156, 157, 158;
Secret Archives 156, 164; see also Codex 1181
Venetian Republic 151–5
Vesalius, Andreas (1514–1564), De Humani Corporis Fabrica 112
Victoria, queen of England (1819–1901) 221
Wallace, Alfred Russel (1823–1913) 219–35, 238, 241; early life 222–3;
Wallace line, Australasia 227, 232; Narrative of Travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro 224–31; On the law which has regulated the Introduction of new species 232
Walter, Bruno (1876–1952) 279
War games and strategy 66–70, 155, 202, 284
Water, as a power resource 199–200; atomic structure 117–18
Watson, James Dewey (1928), The Double Helix 296–301
Watt, James (1736–1819) 209, 211, 214
Watts Towers, Los Angeles 94, 314
Wedgwood, Hensleigh (1803–1891) 232
Wedgwood, Josiah (1730–1795) 208–10, 213; see also Scientific societies: Lunar Society and Darwin
Wedgwood, Josiah (1769–1843) 221
Wells, Herbert George (1866–1946) 319
Wesley, John (1703–1791) 207
Wheat 22, 53, 58, 61
Wheel and axle 62; as a model in cosmology 62; invention of 62; water-199
Wieliczka Salt Mines, near Cracow, Poland 243, 244, 261
Wilhelm II, Kaiser of Germany (1859–1941)
Wilkinson, John (1728–1808) 275
Withering, William (1741–1799) 210
Wordsworth, William (1770–1850), The Prelude 180; Tintern Abbey 217
Wotton, Sir Henry (1568–1639) 154
Wren, Sir Christopher (1632–1723) 177, 187
X-rays 190, 251, 255, 268, 270, 272
Yeats, William Butler (1865–1939), Sailing to Byzantium 22
Picture Credits
BBC Books would like to thank the following for providing photographs and illustrations, and for permission to reproduce copyright material. While every effort has been made to trace and acknowledge all copyright holders, we would like to apologise should there be any errors or omissions.
Modern and fossil Nyala horns, Musée de L’Homme, Paris (Yves Coppens);
The Taung child’s skull, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (Alan R. Hughes, permission of Prof. P. V. Tobias);
Finger and thumb bones of Australopithecus, Mary Waldron;
Computer graphic display of stages in evolution of the head, BBC;
Rock painting, Erwin O. Christensen, by courtesy of Bonanza Books;
Recumbent bison, Altamira, Michael Holford;
Jericho skull, Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford;
The tower at Jericho tel, Dave Brinicombe;
Carpenter, National Mu
seum, Copenhagen;
Clay treaty nail, The Trustees of the British Museum;
Baker’s oven, The Trustees of the British Museum;
Carpenters at work with a bow-lathe, The British Library, Asia, Pacific and Africa Collections;
Greek vase painting, The Trustees of the British Museum;
Inca masonry at Machu Picchu, H. Ubbelohde Doering;
The Great Mosque, Cordoba, Conway Library, The Courtauld Institute of Art, London. Photograph by A. F. Kersting;
Masons at work, 13th century, from the Book of St Alban’s, The Board of Trinity College Dublin;
top left: Mask of an Achaean king, The Art Archive / Alamy
top right: Gold dinar of Khusrau II, The Trustees of the British Museum;
bottom left: Mochica puma, Museos ‘Oro del Perú’, ‘Armas del Mundo’, Fundación Miguel Mujica Gallo;
middle right: Cast gold badge, Roynon Raikes / Victoria and Albert Museum, London;
bottom right: Central input receiver in a pocket calculator, Paul Brierly;
The furnace of the body, by Paracelsus, Wellcome Library, London;
Earth, air and fire, by Paracelsus, S. Karger;
Illustrations of atoms, BBC;
Blind harpist, SSPL via Getty Images;
Chinese block print of Pythagoras’ theorem, The British Library Board (shelfmark Or.15378);
Arabic version of Pythagoras’ theorem, The British Library Board (shelfmark add.23387, f.28);
Illustration of architectural symmetry, BBC;
Uccello’s perspective analysis of a chalice, Gabinetto dei Disegni e Stampe, Uffizi, Florence, Italy / Alinari;
Pages from De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium, World History Archive / Alamy;
Halley’s letter to Newton of 29 June 1686, by kind permission of the Provost and Scholars of King’s College Cambridge;
Computer graphic of the inversion of a sphere, BBC;
A lightning conductor, from the Historical and Interpretive Collections of The Franklin Institute, Inc., Philadelphia, PA;
A Wilkinson token, The Trustees of the British Museum;
Charles Darwin, akg-images;
Dmitri Mendeleev in his last years, Ria Novosti / Science Photo Library;
Dmitri Mendeleev in his last years, Novosti Press Agency;
Illustration of Mendeleev’s Patience, BBC;
An early draft of Mendeleev’s Periodic Table, Interfoto / Alamy;
Exponential graphite-uranium pile, photo courtesy of Argonne National Laboratory;
Röntgen’s original X-ray plate, Deutsches Museum, Munich;
X-ray diffraction pattern of a crystal of DNA, King’s College London;
Illustration of the Gaussian curve, BBC;
Enrico Fermi, photo courtesy of Argonne National Laboratory;
The scientists’ letter to President Roosevelt, Argonne National Laboratory, by courtesy of Franklin D. Roosevelt Library;
Gregor Mendel in 1865, Science Photo Library;
Large chromosomes of onion skin cells, Brian Bracegirdle;
Andrea Pisano, ‘The Creation of Eve’, akg-images / Orsi Battaglini;
Cells of spirogyra, Arthur M. Siegelman;
Leonardo, ‘Child in Womb’, Dennis Hallinan / Alamy;
The author at home with Taung cast, D. K. Miller, Salk Institute;
Dürer, ‘Self-Portrait’, Lehman Collection, New York
The old city of Jerusalem, Jon Arnold Images Ltd/Alamy
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