19 ‘the grand old man’: Ibid., 295.
20 ‘with his reputation’: Ibid., 214.
21 ‘The Firm should have’: Ibid., 212.
22 ‘They shared a contempt’: Francis Wheen, Tom Driberg (London: Fourth Estate, 1990), 309.
23 ‘some preliminary briefing by us’: KV 2/4116/791a.
24 ‘when it came to “cottages”’: Wheen, Tom Driberg, 311.
25 ‘News that even MI5’: Daily Mail advertisement, Evening News, 19 September, 1956.
26 ‘Driberg has committed’: KV 2/4117/826b.
27 ‘a kind of official urinal’: Quoted in Peter Gill and Mark Phythian, Intelligence in an Insecure World (Cambridge: Polity, 2006), 11.
28 ‘BURGESS BURNS HIS’: Chapman Pincher, ‘Burgess Burns His Boats’, Daily Express, 23 November, 1956.
29 ‘has a dog and a cat’: KV 2/4117/871z.
Chapter 45: Rebirth
1 ‘film shows and lectures’: Quoted from Look and Learn, accessed at http://www.lookandlearn.com/childrens-newspaper/CN650410-012.pdf on 8 June, 2016.
2 ‘there might still be persons’: KV 2/1017/1105a.
3 he had named ‘Olga’: Knight, Some of My Animals, 43–44.
4 ‘The only time I realised’: Desmond Morris, telephone interview with author, February 2015.
5 ‘an avuncular, friendly old’: ‘Desmond Morris: Oral History Transcription,’ interview by Christopher Parsons, 6 September, 2000, transcript, WildFilmHistory, Bristol.
6 ‘There are very few’: Knight, My Pet Friends, viii.
7 ‘Spaniels, Labradors’: Ibid., 24.
8 ‘an excellent house-dog’: Knight, Some of My Animals, 94.
9 ‘all the species of crow’: Ibid., 90–91.
10 ‘I made it a rule’: Maxwell Knight, Field Work for Young Naturalists (London: G. Bell & Sons, 1966), 173.
11 ‘Spiders have always’: Knight, Some of My Animals, 128.
12 ‘It will be apparent that’: Knight, Bird Gardening, 69.
13 ‘I have had jackdaws’: Maxwell Knight, Letters to a Young Naturalist (London: Collins, 1955), 56.
14 ‘a good hiding’: Knight, Animals and Ourselves, 20.
15 ‘the constant and usually ill-informed’: Ibid.
16 ‘that field naturalists must’: Knight, Be a Nature Detective, 2.
17 ‘His books emphasised’: John Cooper, interview with author, London, December 2015.
18 ‘if that doesn’t sound’: Maxwell Knight to Nancy, 24 November, 1958, BBC Written Archives.
19 ‘If only he could have’: Quoted in Masters, Man Who Was M, 163.
20 ‘human sex-maniacs’: Knight, How to Keep an Elephant, 61.
21 ‘I myself must plead’: Knight, Some of My Animals, 37.
22 ‘supposed to be people’: Knight, Bird Gardening, 1–2.
23 ‘she would suddenly appear’: Knight, Some of My Animals, 51.
24 ‘friendly leg-pulling’: Knight, Pets: Usual and Unusual, 13.
25 ‘Those of us’: Leonard Harrison Matthews in Knight, Pets and Their Problems, vii.
26 ‘I must issue a word’: Maxwell Knight, The Young Field Naturalist’s Guide (London: Richard Clay and Co., 1952), 39.
Epilogue
1 ‘lots of men in brown felt hats’: Harry Smith, interview with author, London, January 2016.
2 ‘had a hugely significant impact’: T. Denham for the Director General, letter to the author, 28 September, 2015.
3 ‘he demonstrated the importance’: Ex-MI5 officer, email correspondence with author, January 2016.
4 ‘a woman’s intuition’: KV 4/227/1a.
5 ‘most intuitive intelligence officers’: Lee, ‘M Is for Maxwell Knight’, BBC Radio 4.
6 ‘I see no object in life’: Hancock-Nunn (as ‘Lucien Francis’), Two Worlds, 190.
7 ‘a familiar, vast and unforgettable’: ‘R. C.C.’, Letters, The Times, 30 December, 1972.
8 ‘I looked on myself’: Roberts to Harry, 10 February, 1969, Eric Roberts Papers.
9 ‘Six years of work’: Roberts to Harry, October 1967, Eric Roberts Papers.
10 ‘I still get nightmares’: Ibid.
11 ‘In Great Britain’: KV 4/227/1a.
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
Archives
BBC Written Archives, Caversham
Maxwell Knight Papers
British Library, London
IOR – India Office Records
Christ Church Archives, Oxford
John Maude Papers
Imperial War Museum, London
Vernon Kell Papers
Liddell Hart Centre Military Archive, King’s College London
Tom Wintringham Papers
London Metropolitan Archive
COR – London Western Coroners District Collection
ADM – Records of the Admiralty and related bodies
CAB – Records of the Cabinet Office
HO – Records created or inherited by the Home Office and related bodies
HS – Records of Special Operations Executive
KV – Records of the Security Service
National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London
DOM – Domvile Papers
Russian State Archive of Social-Political History (RGASPI), Moscow
495-198-1267 – Glading Papers
Wiener Library
1369 – The Red Book
Yale University Library, New Haven, Connecticut
MS 310 – Kent (Tyler Gatewood) Papers
Unpublished Material
Eric Roberts Papers
Dick Thistlethwaite, unpublished reminiscences
Books by Maxwell Knight
Crime Cargo (London: Philip Allan, 1934).
Gunmen’s Holiday (London: Philip Allan, 1935).
Pets: Usual and Unusual (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1951).
Keeping Reptiles and Fishes, illus. Gretel Dalby and Kerry Dalby (London: Nicholson & Watson, 1952).
The Young Field Naturalist’s Guide (London: Richard Clay and Co., 1952).
Some of My Animals, illus. by E. M. Mansell (London: G. Bell and Sons, 1954).
Bird Gardening, illus. by Jean Armitage (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1954).
Letters to a Young Naturalist, illus. by Patricia Lambe (London: Collins, 1955).
A Cuckoo in the House (London: Methuen, 1955).
Instructions to Young Naturalists, No. 1: British Amphibians, Reptiles and Pond-Dwellers (London: Museum Press, 1956).
Animals After Dark (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1956).
How to Observe Our Wild Mammals, illus. Eileen Soper (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1957).
Taming and Handling Animals (London: G. Bell and Sons, 1959).
Maxwell Knight Replies, illus. Rona Cloy (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1959).
Talking Birds, illus. D. Cornwell (London: G. Bell and Sons, 1961).
Animals and Ourselves, illus. D. Cornwell (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1962).
Frogs, Toads and Newts in Britain, illus. John Norris Wood (Leicester: Brockhampton, 1962).
With Leonard Harrison Matthews, The Senses of Animals (London: Museum Press, 1963).
Birds as Living Things, illus. R. A. Richardson (London: Collins, 1964).
Tortoises and How to Keep Them, illus. John Norris Wood (Leicester: Brockhampton, 1964).
My Pet Friends (London: Frederick Warne, 1964).
Reptiles in Britain, illus. by John Norris Wood (Leicester: Brockhampton, 1965).
Field Work for Young Naturalists, illus. Caroline Lees (London: G. Bell, 1966).
The Small Water Mammals, illus. Barry Driscoll (London: Bodley Head, 1967).
How to Keep an Elephant (London: Wolfe, 1967).
&nb
sp; How to Keep a Gorilla (London: Wolfe, 1968).
Pets and Their Problems (London: Heinemann, 1968).
Be a Nature Detective, illus. R. B. Davies (London: Frederick Warne, 1968).
Published Material
Christopher Andrew, The Defence of the Realm (London: Penguin, 2010).
———. The Mitrokhin Archive (London: Allen Lane, 2006).
John Baker White, It’s Gone for Good (London: Vacher, 1941).
———. True Blue (London: Frederick Muller, 1970).
Gill Bennett, Churchill’s Man of Mystery (London: Routledge, 2007).
Genrikh Borovik, The Philby Files (London: Little, Brown, 1994).
Tom Bower, The Perfect English Spy (London: Heinemann, 1995).
David Burke, The Spy Who Came in from the Co-op (Woodbridge: Boydell, 2008).
Miranda Carter, Anthony Blunt (London: Macmillan, 2001).
J. A. Cole, Lord Haw-Haw (London: Faber, 1987).
John Curry, The Security Service 1908–1945 (Kew: Public Record Office, 1999).
Stephen Dorril, Blackshirt (London: Penguin, 2006).
William Duff, A Time for Spies (Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press, 1999).
Geoffrey Elliott, Gentleman Spymaster (London: Methuen, 2011).
Nigel Farndale, Haw-Haw (London: Macmillan, 2005).
Lucien Francis, Two Worlds, or, A Story of Frustration (London: Talbot’s Head, 1960).
Peter Gill and Mark Phythian, Intelligence in an Insecure World (Cambridge: Polity, 2006).
Gabriel Gorodetsky, ed., The Maisky Diaries (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2015).
F. H. Hinsley and C. A. G. Simkins, British Intelligence in the Second World War, Vol. 4 (London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1990).
Colin Holmes, Searching for Lord Haw-Haw (London: Routledge, 2016).
Keith Jeffery, MI6 (London: Bloomsbury, 2011).
William Joyce, Twilight Over England (Berlin: Internationaler Verlag, 1940).
John Le Carré, A Perfect Spy (London: Coronet, 1986).
———, Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (London: Sceptre, 2009).
Jeremy Lewis, Shades of Greene (London: Vintage, 2011).
Ben Macintyre, For Your Eyes Only (London: Bloomsbury, 2009).
E. G. Mandeville-Roe, The Corporate State for Britain (London: Alexander Ouseley, 1934).
———, Financiers (London: Steven Books, 2002).
J. C. Masterman, The Double-Cross System (Guilford, CT: Lyons, 2000).
Anthony Masters, The Man Who Was M (London: Grafton, 1986).
Joan Miller, One Girl’s War (Dingle: Brandon, 1986).
Malcolm Muggeridge, Chronicles of Wasted Time, Vol. 2 (London: Collins, 1973).
Graham Pollard and John Carter, An Enquiry into the Nature of Certain Nineteenth Century Pamphlets (London: Constable, 1934).
Francis Selwyn, Hitler’s Englishman (London: Penguin, 1993).
Adam Sisman, John Le Carré (London: Bloomsbury, 2015).
Derek Tangye, The Way to Minack (Bath: Cedric Chivers, 1979).
Hugh Trevor-Roper, The Secret World (London: I. B. Tauris, 2014).
Nigel West, Crown Jewels (London: HarperCollins, 1998).
———, Mask (London: Routledge, 2005).
———, MI5 (London: Triad Granada, 1983).
Dennis Wheatley, The Young Man Said (London: Hutchinson, 1977).
Francis Wheen, Tom Driberg (London: Fourth Estate, 1990).
Paul Willetts, Rendez-vous at the Russian Tea Rooms (London: Constable, 2015).
Philip Ziegler, London at War (London: Pimlico, 2002).
INDEX
The page references in this index correspond to the printed edition from which this ebook was created. To find a specific word or phrase from the index, please use the search feature of your ebook reader.
Adelaide Road (No. 22) 100–2
agents provocateurs 299–300
Aikin-Sneath, Francis 276
Alba, Duke of 268
All-Russian Co-Operative Society (ARCOS) 66–7
Allan, Philip (publishers) 143
Allen, Bill 144
Amateur Entomologists’ Society 226
Anderson, Sir John 76, 126, 278, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292
Andrew, Christopher 319
Anglo-Irish War 29
Animal Ailments (magazine) 113
Animal, Vegetable, Mineral (television show) 326
Anti-War Movement (AWM) 121, 122, 124, 163
Arandora Star (ship) 302
ARCOS see All-Russian Co-Operative Society
Associated Press 206–7
Association of Women Clerks and Secretaries (AWCS) 214–15, 218
Atlanta Constitution 206, 207, 208
Attenborough, David 326, 336
Attlee, Clement 317
AWCS see Association of Women Clerks and Secretaries
AWM see Anti-War Movement
‘B. W.’/‘B/W’ see White, John Baker
Baillie-Stewart, Norman 136
Baldwin, Stanley 67, 132, 173
Baring, Hon. Calypso 137
Barr, Hazel see Joyce, Hazel
Barr, Mrs 16, 37, 54
Bauer, Ernst 224
Beaton, Cecil 248
Beauchamp, Kathleen (Pollard) 101, 102, 103, 146
Bechet, Sidney 13, 147, 326
Beckett, John 135
Bennett, Gill: Churchill’s Man of Mystery 74
BF see British Fascisti/British Fascists
Bingham, Honourable John (later 7th Earl of Clanmorris) 253–4, 256, 257, 304–5, 308–9, 341
bird watchers 93
Birmingham: Conservative garden party (1931) 81, 82–3
Birrell and Garnett bookshop 103
Bishop, Reg 109
Black and Tans 29, 30, 35
Blackmore, R. D. 9, 61; Lorna Doone 61
Bletchley Park 318
Blunt, Anthony (‘Tony’) 128, 137, 179, 184, 314–15, 316, 338
Board of Deputies of British Jews 222
Boddington, Con 53, 90
Borovoy, Mikhail, and wife (Willy and Mary Brandes/’Mr and Mrs Stephens’) 189–92, 203
Bramley, Lieutenant-Colonel 52
Briscoe, Norah 309
Bristol, Arnold 252
British Council for a Christian Settlement in Europe 306
British Empire Union 8, 9, 10, 17, 20
British Fascism (BF paper) 117, 194
British Fascisti/British Fascists (BF) 23–5, 26; infiltration by Max 22–3, 25–8, 30, 31, 33, 37–42, 52, 55, 57–8, 59–60, 75, 117–18, 223, 232–4, 320; joined by Joyce 30; ‘K’ unit 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 39–40, 47–8, 51, 60, 116–17, 126, 259; Lambeth Baths rally (1924) 32–5, 37; joined by Roberts 44–5; and MI5 48, 51; Women’s Units 55, 117; ‘The Day’ 57, 58; after the General Strike 58–9; death throes 116–18; and British Union of Fascists 139
British Lion (BF journal) 59, 64
British Loyalists 58
British National Socialist League 200
British Non-Ferrous Metals Research Association 219
British People’s Party 306
British Union of Fascists (BUF) 118; earliest recruits 118; Joyce’s rise in 132, 133–5; relationship with foreign Fascist regimes 135–6, 154, 162; and MI5 136, 137; membership rockets 138–9; investigated by M 139–40; infiltrated by Roberts 152–5, 157–8, 159, 160–61, and Joyce 161–2, 201; supports Mussolini 170; receives payments from him 139–40, 171, 172; attitudes change towards 171, 172; infiltrated by M’s agents 193–5, 241, 228; and outbreak of war 238, 245, 251–2, 259, 275–6, 288, 289; and mass internment 289–93; see also Mosley, Sir Oswald
Brixton Prison 310
Brocklehurst, Henry 305
Brooke, General Sir Alan 288
Brown, Isobel 112
Buchan, John 16, 45, 324, 327
BUF see British Union of Fascists
Bullitt, William C. 264
Burgess, Guy 128, 179, 272, 318, 319, 320–23, 327
&n
bsp; Burn, Sir Charles 25
‘C’ see Sinclair, Sir Hugh; Menzies, Stewart
Cable Street, Battle of (1936) 172
Cairncross, John 179
Camberley, Surrey 310, 332, 333, 335
‘Cambridge Spies’ 128, 210, 313; see also Blunt, Anthony; Burgess, Guy; Maclean, Donald; Philby, Kim
Canning, Albert 278
Carnegie, Lord Charles (later 11th Earl of Southesk) 247
Carr, John Dickson 125
Carson, Rachel: Silent Spring 333
Carter, Lt-Colonel John 72–4, 75, 77
Carter, John see Pollard, Graham
Casa Littoria, England 193
Cassel, Sir Ernest 18
Cecil, Lord Robert 185
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) 93
Chamberlain, Anne (née Cole) 81
Chamberlain, Austen 67
Chamberlain, Neville 81, 233, 237, 238
Chicago Tribune 207
Christian Protest Movement 243
Churchill, Winston: on Mussolini 24; Joyce’s description of 172–3; booed at in newsreels 248; correspondence with Roosevelt compromised 2, 265, 266, 272, 277–8, 295, 338; becomes Prime Minister 274, 275; delivers ‘blood, toil, tears and sweat’ speech 276; demands internment of Communists and Fascists 278–9, 289–90, 291, 292; advised by Desmond Morton 291, 292; dismisses Kell 290
CIA see Central Intelligence Agency
Clough, Bryan 298
Comintern 105–6, 122, 137, 138, 149, 181, 315–16; and front organisations 106, 122–4, 137; and Olga Gray’s mission to India 141–3, 146–9
Committee of Imperial Defence 197
Communism 8, 18–19, 23, 50, 68, 69, 74, 105–6, 121, 129, 244, 313, 318; and Fascist movements 24, 25, 28, 31, 45, 55, 58, 60, 75, 87, 133, 138, 180, 228, 250; see also Communist Party, British
Communist Party, British: infiltration by Makgill Organisation 20; infiltration of Makgill Organisation 26, 27; attacked by British Fascists 30–31, 32–5, 40–41, 52; and Zinoviev Letter 36; infiltration by M 42–3, 44–5, 70, 71, 74, 78, 89, 90–91, 98, 100, 101, 102, 103–4, 108–12, 126–7, 128, 192, 214, 217–18, 309, 319, see also Gray, Olga; and the General Strike 57; government ban on undercover operations against 67–8, 72; and British Union of Fascists 171–2, 292–3; and war 238, 303; accesses MI5 files 314, 315; bugged by MI5 318; as threat to industry 319; see also Communism; Glading, Percy; Pollitt, Harry