O’Connell, Sheila, London 1753, British Museum Press, 2003
Olsen, Donald J., The Growth of Victorian London, 1976
Orrell, John, The Quest for Shakespeare’s Globe, Cambridge, 1983
Pepys, Samuel, Diary, edited by Robert Latham and William Matthews, 1970
Picard, Liza, Restoration London, 1997
Pierce, Patricia, Old London Bridge, 2001
Pike, E. Royston, Human Documents of the Industrial Revolution in Britain, 1966
—— Human Documents of the Victorian Golden Age, 1967
—— Human Documents of the Age of the Forsytes, 1969
—— Human Documents of the Lloyd George Era, 1972
Platter, Thomas and Busino, Horatio, The Journals of Two Travellers in Elizabethan and Early Stuart England, Ipswich, 1995
Porter, Stephen, The Great Fire of London, Stroud, Glos., 1996
—— The Great Plague, Stroud, Glos., 1999
Pritchett, V. S., London Perceived, 1962
—— A Cab at the Door, 1968
Pudney, John, Crossing London’s River, 1972
—— London’s Docks, 1975
Reilly, Leonard, Southwark: an Illustrated History, London Borough of Southwark, 1998
—— and Marshall, Geoffrey, The Story of Bankside, London Borough of Southwark, 2001
Rendle, William, The Inns of Old Southwark, 1888
Richardson, A. E., ‘London Re-Planned: The Royal Academy Planning Committee’s Interim Report’, Country Life, 1942
Richardson, Rev. J., Recollections of the Last Half Century, 1855
Rudé, George, Hanoverian London 1714–1808, 1971
Sabaag, Karl, Power into Art, 2000
Saint, Andrew, ‘The Building Art of the First Industrial Metropolis 1784–1873’, chapter in London – World City 1800–1840 edited by Celina Fox, Yale, 1992
Sala, George Augustus, Gas and Daylight, 1859
Schwartz, L. D., London in the Age of Industrialization: Entrepreneurs, labour force and living conditions 1700–1850, 1992
Seymour, Claire, Ragged Schools, Ragged Children, Ragged School Museum Trust, 1995
Shelley, Henry C., Inns and Taverns of Old London, 1909
Shepherd, Thomas, London in the Nineteenth Century, 1829
Sims, George R., editor, Living London, 1901–2
Spalding, Frances, The Tate: a History, 1998
Spence, Craig, Atlas of 1690s London, 2000
Stamp, Gavin, The Changing Metropolis, Earliest Photographs of London 1839–1879, 1984
—— ‘Giles Gilbert Scott and Bankside Power Station’, chapter in The Building of Tate Modern, 2000
Stow, John, The Survey of London, 1598
Tames, Richard, Southwark Past, 2001
Waller, Maureen, 1700: Scenes from London Life, 1988
Wagner, Gillian, Barnardo, 1979
Weinreb, Ben and Hibbert, Christopher, editors, The London Encyclopaedia, 1983
White, H. P., A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain, Vol. III, 1969
Worsthorne, Peregrine, Tricks of Memory, 1995
Wright, Lawrence, Clean and Decent: The fascinating History of the Bathroom and the WC, 1960
Unpublished and other archival Sources
The London Borough of Southwark has a rich collection of archival material amassed over many years, thanks to bequests from several nineteenth-century antiquarians but also to the initiative and care of individual archivists. In the Southwark Local History Library, therefore, I have been able to consult Census returns; St Saviour’s parish records of marriages, baptisms and burials (from 1653 to 1835, with a few gaps); Rate books (from 1748); and a collection of miscellaneous house Deeds. I have been able to consult London Street Directories (various different publications) from 1790 onwards, and the Electoral registers for the twentieth century for which the Census returns are not yet accessible. I have also availed myself of the Library’s extensive files of cuttings, photographs, handbills, advertisements, correspondence and other ephemera, dating from the eighteenth century to the present day; also of the MS. book on the early history of the Union Street parochial schools compiled by Sylvia Morris, the present head of the Cathedral School of St Saviour and St Mary Overy; also of the Archivist’s own extensive list of Southwark’s one-time cemeteries. I have studied the Library’s collection of maps, especially insurance maps for the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. I have also made use of the microfilms of the South London Press, especially for the 1860s and ’70s.
In The Family History Centre, London EC1, I have obtained various Death Certificates and Probate records referred to in this book.
In The Metropolitan Archives, London EC1 I have been able to consult further documents relating to Bankside, in particular the Vestry Minutes books of St Saviour’s parish from 1670 to 1738, and from 1788 to 1824, also a parish Land Valuation of 1807–8. I have made extensive use of their collection of Metropolitan Board of Works archives, expecially the papers of 1856–7 and 1861–3 and 1867 relating to Bazalgette’s plans for the London sewer system, and also the Thames Flood Prevention Maps of 1880–86. Also their files relating to the life and work of John Grooms. I have availed myself of the Library’s copies of the 1945 Bomb Damage Maps, and of their extensive photographic collection, originally in the possession of the Greater London Council.
In The British Library, as well as consulting many of the printed books cited in the preceding section, I have been able to work my way, in the Rare Book Room, through two volumes entitled St Saviour’s Illustrated: History and Antiquities of the Parochial Church of St Saviour’s, Southwark. These are compendiums of printed church records and engravings to which have been added notes, memos, plans, pamphlets, letters, handbills, photos and press-cuttings. The initial volume was compiled for subscription circulation by W.G. Moss and the Rev. J. Nightingale in 1818, and the much-expanded second volume was produced by W. Taylor in 1840. (Unamplified, printed-only versions of both volumes are in the possession of the Southwark Local History Library.)
In The London Library I have consulted bound volumes of The Builder and The Times, particularly for the 1860s.
In The Guildhall Library I have been able to consult the records of the Watermen and Lightermens’ Company, and also to make use of the Picture Library’s extensive collection of London paintings, prints and panoramas.
The Museum of London possesses, among very much else, a Grace Golden Archive of that artist’s prints, drawings and personal papers, which were made available to me.
In addition, the present owners of 49 Bankside have inherited from previous occupants of the house a file of Deeds, a few letters and a number of twentieth-century newspaper cuttings, which have been put to good use.
INDEX
The page references in this index correspond to the printed edition from which this ebook was created. To find a specific word or phrase from the index, please use the search feature of your ebook reader.
Abercrombie, Sir Patrick: London Plan, 208–9, 217, 229
Admiral’s Men (theatre company), 34
Agas map, 15–16, 26, 32
Albert Embankment, Lambeth, 153
Albion Flour Mills, Great Surrey Street, 101–2, 134–5, 221
Albion Terrace, 102
Alleyn, Edward, 34–5
Anchor Brewery see Barclay Perkins
Anchor Inn, 99, 181, 221
Anne, Queen, 57–8
Anne Boleyn, Queen of Henry VIII, 4
Arnold, Matthew (lighterman), 84, 90
Arnold, Matthew (poet), 174
Arnold, Thomas (waterman), 89
Arthur, Prince (Henry VIII’s brother), 4
Arundel House, 47
Arundel, Thomas Howard, 2nd Earl of, 27
Astell (or Astill) family, 65, 81
Aubrey, John, 6, 37, 45, 47
Balcon, Michael, 201
balloons see Smith’s balloon view of London
Bandy Leg Walk (later Great Guildford St
reet), Southwark, 49, 88, 101
Bankside: character, 2, 5, 8, 14–15, 110–11; flood works, 14, 57, 76; stairs and docking places, 14–16, 43, 100, 177; house-building, 17, 55–8, 61, 111; brothels, 20–5; theatres and playhouses, 30–5, 40, 45–6; trade and industries, 40, 48, 94, 141, 149, 178–81, 188–9; gardens, 49; processions, 51; early 18th-century house rebuilding and ownership, 54–5; drainage problems, 55; Nonconformists in, 56; schools, 56; quays and wharves, 120–1, 155; panoramas, 134–5; Bishop’s palace ruins, 136; gas works, 140, 155, 195; Power Station, 141, 195, 209–10, 215, 221, 228; house design and features, 147–9; health risks, 151; late 19th-century social changes, 166–7, 173–5; poverty and slums in, 167–70, 188, 193–5; multi-occupation of houses, 171–2; in Besant novel, 181–3; as working-class district, 187–8; Grace Golden draws and writes on, 189; twentieth-century occupants, 190–3; houses demolished, 192; last flood (1928), 196; post-war rebuilding and improvements, 210–12; post-war industrial and commercial decline, 218; modern usage, 230–1; see also Southwark
Barclay family, 98
Barclay Perkins (formerly Anchor brewery), 98, 102, 136, 220
Barclay, Robert, 104, 118, 127
Barge House stairs, 15
Barnardo, Dr Thomas John, 186
Bazalgette, Sir Joseph, 152
Bear Garden, Southwark, 27, 32, 99
Bear Inn, 50
bear-baiting see bull- and bear-baiting
Beaufort, Cardinal Henry, Bishop of Winchester, 18
Beaumont, Francis, 37
Benson, Revd J., 143
Bermondsey: as borough, 9; trade and industry in, 94
Berry-Godfrey, Sir Edmund, 72–3
Besant, Walter, 181–3, 231
Betjeman, Sir John, 79, 154, 201, 220
bicycles, 177
Black family, 214, 222–3
Black, Daniel, 214–16, 222, 225
Blacker, Robert, 134
Blackfriars Bridge (earlier Pitt’s Bridge), 2, 26, 87, 90, 95, 100, 181
Blackfriars Railway Bridge, 162
Blake, William, 102
Blue Circle Cement Company, 215, 221
Boars Head Sluice, 87, 153
Booth, Charles, 6, 187
Borough High Street, 55, 69, 100
Borough Market, 39, 91, 120, 163, 230
Boswell, James, 6
Boys’ Free School, Southwark, 113–14
Brabazon, Reginald (later 12th Earl of Meath), 114–15
brassware, 147
brewing, 95–9
Bridge House Estate, 194
Briggs, Henry, 106
Briggs, John Perronet, 106
brothels, 19, 20–5
Browker, Hugh, 17–19, 25, 29, 54
Bruce, Mary and Sarah, 53, 64
Buchanan, Jack, 201
Builder, The (periodical), 149, 164, 209
Building Acts (1667 and 1707), 54, 61
bull- and bear-baiting, 31–2, 49
Bunyan, John, 56
Burbage, James, 33–4, 36, 45
Burbage, Richard, 32–4, 36
Burdett, Sir Francis, 145
burial grounds see graveyards
Burke, Edmund, 96
Burney, Fanny (Mme d’Arblay), 96
Cade, Jack, 23
Calvert’s Corn Wharf, 102
Camberwell, 109–10
canals, 105–6
Cardinal Cap Alley, 58, 88, 143, 179, 231
Cardinal’s Cap (or Hat) Inn, 4, 17–19, 24, 27, 29–30, 35–7, 53–4
Cardinal’s Wharf, Bankside, 177, 206–8
Cardinal’s Wharf (house; 49 Bankside): site and origins, 3–4, 33, 54, 62; and fish ponds, 16; building design, 62–4, 68; furnishing and equipment, 67–8; living conditions in eighteenth century, 68–71; water supply, 70–1; Sells first occupies and purchases, 88–9; improvements to, 143–4, 150; nineteenth century occupants, 143, 150–3, 183–4; water closet, 146; as business address for Charrington, Sells, Dale & Surtees, 155, 171; Moss Isaacs occupies and buys, 155–7, 176; maintained as single-family home, 176–7; in multiple occupation, 183–4; unaffected by clearance scheme, 195; Robert E. Stevenson acquires and improves, 196–201; used for storage, 196; sold by auction, 203–4; bomb-damaged in war, 205, 207; post-war occupation, 214–15, 222; vandalised by squatters, 223–4; restored by Guy Munthe, 224–5; present-day occupation, 231–2
Catherine of Aragon, Queen of Henry VIII, 4, 207, 211, 223
Cator, John, 65, 81, 97
Chadwick, Edwin, 149, 151
Chamberlain’s Men (theatre company), 33
Charles I, King, 40
Charles II, King, 50, 52
Charrington, John, 158–9
Charrington, Sells, Dale & Co., 154
Charrington, Thomas, 158–9
Charringtons (brewers), 97, 159
Charringtons (coal-merchants), 73, 85–6, 97, 140, 154, 158
children: in eighteenth century London, 66; upbringing, 108–9; education, 125
cholera, 145, 149–51
Christ Church, Southwark, 55
City Lead Works, 221
City of London Electric Lighting Company, 183, 195
Civil War (1642–6), 46, 48
class (social): in eighteenth century, 65–7, 90; Victorian, 174–5
Clink liberty, 103
Clink Museum, Southwark, 13
Clink, The (gaol), 12–13, 93
coaches, 77, 132
coal and coal trade, 70–6, 79, 105–6, 120–1, 139–40, 155, 159–60
Coal Exchange, Lower Thames Street, 120
Commonwealth, 47
Concannen, M., Jr, 98
Concannen, M., Jr and A. Morgan: The History and Antiquities of the Parish of St Saviour’s, Southwark, 102–3
Cook, Captain James, 101
Cooper (St Saviour’s sexton), 114
Coram, Thomas, 90
County Hall, Lambeth, 9, 229
Craig & Rose (paint manufacturers), 192
cripples: training and education, 186
Cromwell, Oliver, 25, 47–8
Crosby, Theo, 226, 228
Cross Bones Burial Ground, 21, 51, 112–16
Crown Wharf, 178
Cruikshank, George, 151
Crumpton, Edward and Annie, 203
Crumpton, John, 203, 211
Cubitt, Thomas, 145
Cure’s College almshouses, 112, 163
Dale, H.R., 158–9
Darc, Rosie, 212
Davidson, Geoffrey, 214, 222
Davies (builder, of Union Street), 165
Deadman’s Place, Southwark, 51, 111
Dean, Mrs C., 191
Defoe, Daniel, 51, 65, 77
Dekker, Thomas, 24, 30, 45, 81
Dickens, Charles, 6, 162, 167, 170, 185; Little Dorrit, 134; Our Mutual Friend, 170–1
Dog and Duck tavern, St George’s Fields, 99–100
Dowgate Dock, 82
Drake, Sir Francis, 226
Dubreuil, André, 225
Dulwich College (Alleyn’s Gift), 34
East India Company, 41
East India Dock, 218
Easter, Stephen, 197
education (compulsory), 184, 186
Edward II, King, 10
Edward VI, King, 17, 24
electricity, 141, 183–4
Eliot, T.S., 232
Elizabeth I, Queen, 14–15, 24
Elliott family, 185, 190–1, 196
Elliott, George, 185
Elliott, Hughes & Easter Ltd (gum-merchants), 192, 197
Elliott, Marion, 185–6
Ellory, Mr, 157
Embankment (Thames), 152, 162
Evelyn, John, 6, 31, 48, 50, 73–5
Faithorne, William, 49
Falcon Glass Works, 75, 95
Falcon Inn, 29, 36, 50, 77, 81
Falcon Iron Works, 59, 75, 95
Falcon Point, 221
Fastolf, Sir John, 10
Fell’s Flower Wharf, 102
Festival of Britain (1951), 9, 208, 229
Fielding, Sir John, 93
Finch’s Grotto, Southwark, 100
fish ponds, 15–18, 49
Fleet ditch, 60
Flemings: settle in Southwark, 22
Fletcher, Geoffrey, 226
Fletcher, John, 37–8
Flood Prevention, 57, 76, 177
Foster, Norman, Baron, 229
Free Grammar School, Bankside, 57
‘Fresh Air Scheme’, 187
Fritter, Melchisedeck, 30, 53, 62
Frost Fairs, 117
Fuce, Thomas, 120, 143
furniture and interiors, 67, 75
Gabb, Martha, 173–5
Gardener, Urban, 176
Garrick, David, 96
Gas Light & Coke Company, 140
gas-lighting, 140–2, 194
George I, King, 58
Gin Acts (1751 and 1753), 91
Girtin, Thomas, 135
Gladstone, William Ewart, 152
glass industry, 40, 48, 75, 95
Globe Theatre, Southwark: reconstructed, 3, 31–3, 226–8, 230; site, 27, 29; Burbages build, 34; Shakespeare and, 36; burnt and rebuilt, 45; abandoned, 48
Globe Trust, 226–7
Golden, Grace, 189, 193–5, 212, 230
Golden Hind (replica ship), 226
Gordon Riots (1780), 93
Grand Junction Waterworks, 159
Grand Union Canal, 105–6, 176
grave-robbing, 111, 113–14
Gravel Lane, Southwark, 49, 88
graveyards, 20–1, 51, 111–15
Great Fire (1666), 51–4, 60
Great Guildford Street see Bandy Leg Walk
Great Pike Garden, 15–16, 177; see also Pye Garden, the
Great Plague (1665), 50–1
Great Surrey Street, Southwark, 100–1
Greater London Council (GLC), 219, 223; see also London County Council
Greene, Mary, 53–4
Grooms, John, 186
Grove Hill, Camberwell, 109–10
Guy’s Hospital, 11
Harris, James, 104, 112
Harrison, Revd L., 143
Harvard, John, 39
hat-making, 94–5, 185, 220
Henry VII, King, 24
Henry VIII, King, 12, 23, 25, 223
Henslowe, Philip, 31, 34–5, 37, 46, 54, 147
Hey (Workhouse Master), 123
Hill, Octavia, 166
Hill, Rowland (preacher), 101
Hinton & Horne (firm), 177
Hogarth, William, 90, 99
Holditch brothers, 120, 157, 176
Holditch, George, 150, 157
Holditch, George Alfred, 157