ENDNOTES
INTRODUCTION
1. Alan Hoe, David Stirling (Warner Books, 1994)
2. Lecture broadcast on BBC March 1945, Mike Calvert Papers, Imperial War Museum
ANDERS LASSEN
1. Brook Richards, interview with the Imperial War Museum
2. Mike Langley, Anders Lassen of the SAS (New English Library, 1988)
3. Ibid
4. Ibid
5. Ibid
6. Ibid
7. Ibid
8. Stephen Hastings, Drums of Memory (Pen & Sword, 1994)
9. Langley, Anders Lassen of the SAS
10. Ibid
11. Interview with the author, July 2002
12. John Lodwick, The Filibusters (Methuen & Co., 1947)
13. Interview with the author
14. Langley, Anders Lassen of the SAS
15. Ibid
16. Ibid
17. Interview with the author
18. Ibid
19. Ibid
20. Ibid
21. Ken Smith, interview with the Imperial War Museum
22. Ibid
23. Ibid
24. Ibid
25. Langley, Anders Lassen of the SAS
26. Ibid
27. Ken Smith, interview with the Imperial War Museum
28. Langley, Anders Lassen of the SAS
DAVID STIRLING
1. Gavin Mortimer, Stirling’s Men (Cassell, 2004)
2. Alan Hoe, David Stirling (Warner Books, 1994)
3. Johnny Cooper, One of the Originals (Pan, 1991)
4. Hoe, David Stirling
5. Ibid
6. Ibid
7. Public Record Office, Special Forces in the Desert War 1940–43 (Public Record Office War Histories, 2001)
8. David Stirling, Origins of the Special Air Service (SAS archives)
9. Ibid
10. Ibid
11. Hamish Ross, Paddy Mayne (Sutton, 2003)
12. Cooper, One of the Originals
13. Stirling, Origins of the Special Air Service
14. Public Record Office, Special Forces in the Desert War 1940–43
15. Interview with the author, 2001
16. Interview with the author, 2003
17. Public Record Office, Special Forces in the Desert War 1940–43
18. Ibid
19. Hoe, David Stirling
20. Interview with the author, 2002
21. Interview with the author, 1998
22. Courtesy of interview with John Kane, 1997
23. John Strawson, A History of the SAS Regiment (Guild, 1984)
24. IInterview with the author, 2001
25. Hoe, David Stirling
26. Interview with the author, 2001
27. Interview with the author, 2002
28. Stirling, Origins of the Special Air Service
29. Interview with the author, 2001
30. Ibid
31. Interview with the author, 2002
32. Public Record Office, Special Forces in the Desert War 1940–43
33. Interview with the author, 2001
34. Hoe, David Stirling
35. Malcolm Pleydell, Born of the Desert (Greenhill Books, 2006)
36. Brian Dillon, interview with the Imperial War Museum
37. Hoe, David Stirling
38. Interview with the author, 2002
39. Ibid
40. Gavin Mortimer, The SAS in World War II: An Illustrated History (Osprey Publishing, 2011)
41. Hoe, David Stirling
42. Ibid
43. Ibid
EDSON RAFF
1. Speech given by Raff at 1997 Airborne Awards and quoted at http://www.thedropzone.org
2. Edson Raff, We Jumped to Fight (Eagle Books, 1944)
3. Ibid
4. Letter quoted in We Jumped to Fight
5. Ibid
6. Ibid
7. Time magazine, 12 October 1942
8. Raff, We Jumped to Fight
9. Ibid
10. Ibid
11. Dwight D. Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe (The John Hopkins University Press, 1997)
12. By kind permission of Patrick O’Donnell
EVANS CARLSON
1. John Wukovits, American Commando (Caliber, 2009)
2. Ibid
3. Ibid
4. Ibid
5. Ibid
6. Ibid
7. Reader’s Digest, December 1943
8. Wukovits, American Commando
9. Ibid
10. General Merrill Twining, No Bended Knee (Presido, 1994)
11. Oscar Peatross, Bless ’em all (ReView Publications, 1995)
ROBERT FREDERICK
1. Howitzer Year Book, available to view at http://www.e-yearbook.com
2. Robert Adleman and George Walton, The Devil’s Brigade (Corgi, 1968)
3. Ibid
4. Ibid
5. Ibid
6. Ibid
7. Ibid
8. Ibid
9. Stars and Stripes, February 1944
10. US National Archives
11. Clarke Lee, International News Service, date unknown
PADDY MAYNE
1. Gavin Mortimer, Fields of Glory (Andre Deutsch, 2001)
2. Ibid
3. Ibid
4. Ibid
5. Gavin Mortimer, Stirling’s Men (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2004)
6. Gavin Mortimer, The SAS in World War II: An Illustrated History (Osprey Publishing, 2011)
7. Courtesy of an interview with John Kane, 1997
8. Interview with the author, 2002
9. Malcom Pleydell, Born of the Desert (Greenhill Books, 2006)
10. Interview with the author, 1998
11. Interview with the author, 2003
12. John Byrne, The General Salutes a Soldier (Hale, 1986)
13. Mortimer, Fields of Glory
14. Pleydell, Born of the Desert
15. Mortimer, Stirling’s Men
16. Ibid
17. Ibid
18. Ibid
19. Ibid
20. Ibid
21. Mortimer, The SAS in World War II: An Illustrated History
22. Interview with the author, 2002
23. Mortimer, The SAS in World War II: An Illustrated History
24. Interview with the author, 2002
25. Interview with the author, 2003
26. Interview with the author, 2003
27. Interview with the author, 2002
28. The Times, 9 November 2009
29. Mortimer, Stirling’s Men
30. Michael Calvert, Fighting Mad (Pen & Sword, 2004)
31. Mortimer, The SAS in World War II: An Illustrated History
32. Hamish Ross, Paddy Mayne (Sutton 2003)
33. Mars and Minerva, April 1956
RALPH BAGNOLD
1. Julian Thompson, The War Behind Enemy Lines (Pan, 1999)
2. Bagnold Papers, Churchill Archives, Cambridge
3. Ibid
4. Ibid
5. Ibid
6. Ralph Bagnold, The Physics of Blown Sand and Desert Dunes (Springer, 1971)
7. Bagnold Papers, Churchill Archives, Cambridge
8. Ibid
9. Ibid
10. Ibid
11. Ibid
12. Ibid
13. Ibid
14. Ibid
15. Thompson, The War Behind Enemy Lines
16. Ibid
17. Bagnold Papers, Churchill Archives, Cambridge
18. Ibid
19. Thompson, The War Behind Enemy Lines
20. Les Sullivan interview with the Imperial War Museum
21. Bagnold Papers, Churchill Archives, Cambridge
22. Ibid
23. Ibid
24. Les Sullivan interview with the Imperial War Museum
25. Ibid
26. David Lloyd-Owen, The Long Range Desert Group: Providence their guide (Harap, 1980)
27. Interview with the author, 2003
28. Public Record Office, Special Forces in the Desert War 1940–43 (Public Record Office War Histories, 2001)
29. Bagnold Papers, Churchill Archives, Cambridge
JUNIO VALERIO BORGHESE
1. The Times, 3 September 1974
2. Junio Valerio Borghese, Sea Devils (Naval Institute Press, 1995)
3. Ibid
4. Ibid
5. Interview with Emilio Bianchi at http://www.regiamarina.net.
6. Ibid
7. Borghese, Sea Devils
8. Interview with Emilio Bianchi
9. Borghese, Sea Devils
10. Ibid
11. Interview with Emilio Bianchi
12. Ibid
13. Ibid
14. Borghese, Sea Devils
15. Interview with Emilio Bianchi
16. Borghese, Sea Devils
17. Interview with Emilio Bianchi
18. Reproduced in Borghese, Sea Devils
19. Ibid
20. William Schofield, Frogmen: First Battles (Branden Publishing, 1987)
21. Reproduced in Borghese, Sea Devils
22. Courtesy of www://cronologia.leonardo.it/storia/biografie/borghese.xhtml
BARON VON DER HEYDTE
1. Samuel Mitcham Jr, Defenders of fortress Europe: the untold story of the German officers during the Allied Invasion (Potomac Books, 2009)
2. Baron Friedrich von der Heydte, Return to Crete (WDL, 1959, translation by Stanley Moss)
3. Ibid
4. Ibid
5. Ibid
6. Ibid
7. Ibid
8. Ibid
9. Ibid
10. Franz Kurowski, Jump Into Hell (Stackpole Press, 2010)
11. Ibid
12. Ibid
13. Ibid
14. Ibid
ADRIAN VON FÖLKERSAM
1. Interviews by Dr Heaten conducted with Hans-Dietrich Hossfelder in 1985 and 1994
2. Ibid
3. Otto Skorzeny, Skorzeny’s Special Missions (Greenhill Books, 2006)
4. Ibid
5. Ibid
6. Ibid
7. Ibid
8. Ibid
9. Ibid
10. Ibid
11. Ibid
12. Ibid
13. Ibid
14. Ibid
15. Ibid
16. Ibid
17. Ibid
18. Interviews by Dr Heaten conducted with Hans-Dietrich Hossfelder in 1985 and 1994
ORDE WINGATE
1. Kirby and Woodburn, The Official History, The War Against Japan, Volume III (London HMSO, 1961)
2. Mike Calvert papers, Imperial War Museum
3. Ibid
4. Trevor Royle, Orde Wingate (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1995)
5. Ibid
6. Ibid
7. Ibid
8. Mike Calvert papers, Imperial War Museum
9. Ibid
10. Ibid
11. Ibid
12. Denis Gudgeon, Imperial War Museum Sound 2986
13. Ibid
14. Ibid
15. Ibid
16. Ibid
17. Royle, Orde Wingate
18. Available to view at http://www.chindits.info
19. Michael Calvert, Fighting Mad (Pen & Sword, 2004)
20. Bernard Fergusson, Beyond the Chindwin (Fontana, 1955)
21. Calvert, Fighting Mad
22. Fergusson, Beyond the Chindwin
23. Mike Calvert papers, Imperial War Museum
24. Ibid
25. Ibid
26. Draft narrative of operations of 77th Indian Infantry Brigade, CAB 106/46, National Archives
27. A.D. Harvey, Collision of Empires: Britain in three world wars, 1793–1945 (Hambledon, 2003)
28. Royle, Orde Wingate
29. Calvert, Fighting Mad
30. Harold Shippey, Imperial War Museum Sound 12164
31. Mike Calvert papers, Imperial War Museum
32. Calvert, Fighting Mad
33. Mike Calvert papers, Imperial War Museum
34. Ibid
35. Calvert, Fighting Mad
36. Mike Calvert papers, Imperial War Museum
37. Letter from Slim to Major General Woodburn-Kirby, 1959, quoted in Trevor Royle, Orde Wingate
38. John Masters, The Road Past Mandalay (Phoenix, 2012)
39. Royle, Orde Wingate
CHARLES HUNTER
1. John Masters, The Road Past Mandalay (Phoenix, 2012)
2. Ibid
3. Charlton Ogburn, The Marauders (The Overlook Press, 2002)
4. Trevor Royle, Orde Wingate (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1995)
5. Ogburn, The Marauders
6. Masters, The Road Past Mandalay
7. Royle, Orde Wingate
8. West Point ‘Howitzer’ Yearbook, Class of 1929
9. Ogburn, The Marauders
10. Ibid
12. Ibid
13. Ibid
14. Ibid
15. Charles Newton Hunter, Galahad (Naylor Co., 1963)
16. Ogburn, The Marauders
17. Ibid
18. Ibid
19. Ibid
20. Ibid
21. Hunter, Galahad
22. Masters, The Road Past Mandalay
23. Ibid
24. Ogburn, The Marauders
25. Masters, The Road Past Mandalay
26. Ogburn, The Marauders
GLOSSARY
88mm a German anti-tank and anti-aircraft gun
AA anti-aircraft
Abwehr the German military intelligence organization
BAR Browning Automatic Rifle
Brandenburgers German Special Forces unit
Bren gun Czech-derived British light machine gun with a range of 2,000 yards
C-47 aircraft a military transport aircraft manufactured by Douglas Aircraft Company
CAA Civil Aviation Authority
Caique a Greek fishing boat used by the Special Boat Squadron
CO commanding officer
DCM Distinguished Conduct Medal, the equivalent of the DSO – second only to the VC – and awarded to NCOs and other ranks
DSO Distinguished Service Order, the second highest British military decoration for officers
DZ drop zone, for paratroopers and supplies
EAM National Liberation Front, a left-wing political movement in Greece composed predominantly of Communists
EDAS National Republican Greek League, a non-communist Greek resistance group
ELAS Greek People’s Liberation Army and the military arm of the EAM
Fallschirmjäger German parachute regiment
Führer German for leader, the title given to Adolf Hitler
Garand the .30 calibre M1 Garand was the semiautomatic rifle issued to US troops
Gestapo Geheime Staatspolizei, the secret police force of Nazi Germany
GHQ General Headquarters
Gurkhas Nepalese soldiers who have served in the British Army for nearly 200 years
Italian Gold Medal a medal awarded to Italian junior officers and soldiers for deeds of outstanding gallantry in war
Italian Silver Medal a medal awarded to Italian junior officers and soldiers who distinguished themselves in combat
Iron Cross a German military decoration categorized into first and second class
Knight’s Cross of the superior to the Iron Cross and awarded for
Iron Cross outstanding bravery or leadership in the face of the enemy
LCA Landing Craft Assault, 12m-long vessel capable of carrying 35 men
Légion d’honneur the highest decoration in France, divided into five categories
LRDG Long Range Desert Group
MC Military Cross
Medal of Honor the highest military decoration awarded by the United States
MEHQ Middle East Headquarters
NCO non-commissioned officer
petrol bowser a petrol tanker
‘pigs’ I
talian term for human torpedoes
RAF Royal Air Force
RTU’d Returned to Unit
SAS Special Air Service
SBS Special Boat Squadron
SFHQ Special Forces Headquarters
SHAEF Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force
Sherman the M4 Sherman was the most common tank of the US Army
SOE Special Operations Executive
SRS Special Raiding Squadron
SS Schutzstaffel, the paramilitary force of Nazi Germany
SSRF Small Scale Raiding Force
Tommy gun Thompson sub-machine gun
VC Victoria Cross
Vickers K rapid-firing machine gun designed for aircraft and later used by the SAS
wadi a dry river bed in the desert that contains water only when it rains heavily
WAAF Women’s Auxiliary Air Force
Waffen SS the military force of the Schutzstaffel
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