and Gulf Stream 367
Greely’s expedition in (1881–4) 377, 379
Nansen crosses (1888) 291, 385
Peary in (1891–2) 294, 410–13
Peary again in (1900) 414
Peary crosses ice to (1906) 416–17
Cook in 418, 419, 420
Nobile plans journey across (1928) 480
Greenstockings (Indian girl) 221
Greenwich Mean Time 121, 160, 388
Gregory, Augustus Charles 300
Grevenitz Regiment 180
Greyhound (ship) 76
Gribingui 403
Griffin (ship) 106, 107
Grinnell, Henry 274
Griper (ship) 210, 213
Grogan, Ewart 292
Grytviken 458, 461
Guacanagari 36, 37, 38, 40, 41
Guam 57
guano 187
Guayaquil 141, 142, 188
Guiana 186
Gulf of Benin 237, 242, 255
Gulf of California 105
Gulf of Carpentaria 297, 300, 301, 306, 307
Gulf of Mexico 64, 105, 108, 109, 110, 114–15, 194
Gulf Stream 331, 353, 355, 367
Habeler, Peter 475
Haddington, Lord 272–3
Hadow, Douglas 322, 323, 324
Hàften, Reinhard von 180
Haiti 35, 110, 111
hajj 18, 19, 21, 27
Hakluyt, Robert 96
Half Moon (ship) 88
Hall, Charles Francis 283, 336–7, 341–2
search for Franklin 336
Polaris’s crew 336–7
names Thank God Harbour 337
becomes ill and dies 337
mystery over death 342
Hall Land 337
Hamburg 359
Hang-chow 13, 15
Hans (Inuit) 362
Hans Hendrik (Inuit) 337 339, 340
Hansa (ship) 331, 333, 334, 353, 367
Harley Island 408
Harper’s Ferry 195
Harrison, John 120–1, 160
Hausa 232, 235
Havana 181, 186, 187, 188
Hawaii 166–70, 275
Hawaiian Islands (formerly Sandwich Islands) 165 see also
Hawaii Hayward (member of Imperial TransAntarctic Expedition) 455, 460, 461
Hearne, Samuel 123
Hecla (ship) 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216
Heemskerck, Jacob von 77, 79, 80
in charge of Barents expedition 81
called to account for loss of ship 82
Hegemann, Paul 331–4, 353
sails Hansa for Greenland 333
Hansa stuck in ice 333
Hansa sinks 334
crew drags boats across ice 334–5
arrival at Bremerhaven 335
Hennepin, Father Louis 106, 107
Henrietta Island 371
Henrietta Maria (ship) 97, 99, 100, 101, 102
Henry, Prince of England 96
Henry VII, King of England 83
Henry the Navigator 6
Henson, Matthew 411, 413, 414, 415, 418, 419
Hepburn, John 219, 223, 224, 225
Herald Island 369
Herat 9
Herbert, Wally 421
Herodotus 3
Hidatsas 199, 200
Hiens, ‘English Jem’ 112, 114
Hillary, Edmund 475
Hillman, William 229, 231, 232, 233
Himalayas 193, 295, 327, 329, 409 see also Everest
Hindu Kush 23–4
Hispaniola/Espaniola (Bohio) 35, 36–7, 37–8, 40–1
Hobart 267, 268, 432, 433
Hobby (ship) 480
Hoggar 29, 398, 400
Hold with Hope 89
Holland/Netherlands 7, 75, 83, 88, 103
Holy Land 7
Honduras 41
Hood, Robert 219, 220, 221, 223, 224–5
Hood River 221
Hooker, Joseph 270
Hopewell (ship) 87
Hormuz 12, 16
Horn of Africa 21
Houghton, Daniel 245
Howitt, Alfred 306, 307
Hubbard, Chester 337
Hudson, Revd Charles 322, 323, 324
Hudson, Henry 8, 87–92, 94, 96, 100, 102, 103
sails Hopewell 87
given command of the Half Moon 88
commands Discovery 88
explores mouth of Hudson River 88
emerges on western side of Furious Over-fall 89
mutiny 91–2
Hudson, John 87, 88
Hudson Bay 96, 109, 120, 149, 213, 336
expedition of Foxe and James in 97, 99, 102
Franklin in 219
Hudson River 88
Hudson Strait (formerly Furious Overfall) 86, 96, 97 see also Furious Overfall
Hudson’s Bay Company 219, 226, 278, 281
Hugot, M., 139, 142, 144
Humboldt, Alexander von 120, 180–9
sails for New World 181
arrives at Cumaná 183
badly sunburned 183
studies electric eels 184–5
journeys along Casiquiare 185–6
in Cuba 187
journeys in Ecuador and Peru 187
parting from Bonpland 188
writings 188–9
Hungary 9
Hurley, Frank 448, 449, 460
Husvik 456, 457
Hut Point 448, 450, 451, 454, 455
Hyderabad 191–2, 193
Hyperboreans 72
Ibn Battuta, Abu Abdullah Mohammed 18–29, 243
leaves Tangier 18
comments on Nile 19
sets out for Delhi 21
joins the Kipchak Khan’s convoy 22
crosses Hindu Kush 23–4
under house arrest in Delhi 24
destitute 25
robbed 26
in Damascus 27
plague 27
Africa 28
settles in Fez 29
Ibn Majid, Ahmad 47
Fawa’id 47
Ice Haven 78–81
Ice Point 75, 77, 81
Iceland 3, 30, 31, 72, 88, 160, 292
Icelandic sagas 3
Iférouãne 401
Ilkhanate of Persia 11, 16
Illinois, River 105, 107, 108
Illinois Indians 107, 109, 110
Imperial Academy of Sciences 129
Imperial TransAntarctic Expedition (1914–16) 444–61
imperialism 123–4, 130
In Salah 246–7, 249
Incas 64–5
Independence Bay 410, 411
India 9, 16, 19, 44, 45, 50, 120, 123, 233, 294, 297, 398
pepper from 5, 6
and Ibn Battuta 21, 22, 23–5, 26, 27, 29
Gama reaches 7, 47–9, 51
Survey 190–3, 326, 329
Indian Ocean 16, 25, 44, 47, 48, 49, 50, 60, 61
Indians
trade with Nouvelle France 103
and La Salle’s expedition (1669–87) 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 115
Condamine’s opinion of 145
and expedition across American wilderness (1803–6) 195, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 204–5, 206
and Franklin’s Canadian expedition (1818–25), 219, 220, 221, 223, 226, 227
Indies 30, 33, 34, 42, 45, 53, 60, 61 see also East Indies; West Indies
Indonesia 5, 13
Indus, River 24
Industrial Revolution 423
Industry, HMS (ship) 351
Inexpressible Island 425
Instituto de Pesca No. 1 (trawler) 458
International Year of Polar Cooperation 375, 379
Intrepid (ship) 279
Inuit 124, 420, 426
and Frobisher’s expedition (1576) 85
and members of Hudson’s expedition (1611) 92–3
Baffin observes way of life (1616) 96
and expedition of Ross and Parry (1818) 207, 209
and Frankli
n’s Canadian expedition (1818–22) 220
Ross suggests following diet of 259
and Ross’s expedition (1829–33) 260
and Franklin’s Arctic expedition (1845–50) 274, 281, 282, 283, 284–5
and Hall’s expeditions 336, 337, 339, 340
and Nares’s expedition (1875–6) 361, 362
and Greely’s expedition (1881–4) 375, 377, 381
and Peary’s expeditions 293, 294, 411, 412–13, 414, 415, 418, 419
Investigator (ship) 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281
Ireland 94
Irkutsk 372
iron 294, 412
Iroquois Indians 107, 108, 113
Irvine, Sandy 295, 470, 471, 473–6
character description 470
mends gear 471
writes on oxygen equipment 471
leaves Camp VI with Mallory 473
Odell’s last glimpse 473
disappearance with Mallory 474
search goes on 475
possible body found 476
Isabella (ship) 207, 209, 210, 263
Isabella (fort), Espaniola 40, 41
Isabella, Queen of Spain 31, 33, 40
Isfahan 21
Islam 18, 21, 22, 26 see also Muslims
Isles of God’s Mercies, The 89
Italia (Zeppelin)
flies over Arctic 479–81
crashes 482
fate of survivors 483–8
Italy 322, 479, 484, 487
Jackman, Charles 73, 75
Jackson, Frederick 292, 390, 391, 395
Jackson, James G.: An Accurate and Interesting Account of Timbuctoo 243
Jamaica 41
James, Captain Thomas 97, 99–102
winters off Charlton Island 100–2
Henrietta Maria sinks 100
describes recovery of crew from scurvy 101–2
finds possible campsite of Hudson 102
publishes journal 102
James Bay see Bottom of the Bay
James Caird (boat) 453–4, 455, 456
Japan 4, 9, 35, 87, 127, 134, 367
Jeannette (ship) 369, 370, 371, 372, 374, 385
Jeannette Island 371
Jefferson, President Thomas 188, 194–5, 200, 205, 206
Jeffryes, Sidney 443
Jenne 251, 252
Jens (Inuit) 377, 381
Jerusalem 7
Church of the Holy Sepulchre 12
Jesuits 103, 107, 145, 148
Joachim (freed slave) 147–8
Johanssen, Hjalmar 387–91
John (ship) 257
John II, King of Portugal 6, 31, 42, 44, 45
John the Navigator, 63
Jolie (ship) 110
Joliet, Louis 105
Jones Sound 97, 207, 209, 210
Jorullo volcano 188
Joutel, Henri 111, 112, 113, 114
Joyce, Ernest 448, 450, 451, 454, 460
Juet, Robert 88, 89, 92, 94
Julianehaab 335
Jungfraujoch 295
Jupiter (ship) 378, 379
Jussieu, Joseph de 139, 143–4
K1 (Kanchenjunga) 193
K2 193, 409
‘K.P.’ (Kintup) 329
Kalahari Desert 343
Kamchatka 125, 170, 293
and Bering’s expeditions 127, 128, 129, 130, 133, 134, 137
Kamchatka, River 128
kamikaze 9
Kanchenjunga (K1) 193
Kane, Elisha 410
Kane Basin 337, 378, 380, 413, 414
Kano 232, 233
Kansas, River 197
Kansas City 197
Kant, Immanuel 119
Kara Sea 73, 75, 76, 78
Karagwe 312
Karakorams 193, 466
Kashmir 193, 326
Kaveri delta 191
Kayak Island 132
Kealakua 168, 169
Kealakua Bay 167, 168
Keats, John 123
Kellett, Captain Henry 273, 275, 279, 280
Kendall, N.E. 227
Kensington Gardens, London 315, 317
Kerguelen Island 265
Kerguelen-Trémairec, Yves-Joseph de 161
Khanbalig 11, 14–15
Khartoum 314
Khurusan 29
Kilwa 21
King, John (member of Burke’s Australian expedition) 299–307
King, John (member of Hudson’s Arctic expedition) 88, 92
King Edward VII Land 423
King George III Island see Tahiti
King George V Land 436
King Haakon Bay 455, 457, 458
King William Land (or Island)
discovered by Ross 260
and Franklin’s expedition 273, 276, 277, 280, 281, 282–3, 284, 285, 336
King’s Bay 480, 481, 482, 483, 484
Kintup (‘K.P.’) 329
Kittyhawk (aircraft) 477
Kola 72, 73, 82
Koldewey, Karl 331, 333, 335
takes command of Germania 331
in Greenland 333
different approach from Hegemann 335
Kolyma River 127, 128, 370
Krapf, Ludwig 308
Krassin (ship) 484, 486, 487
Kreusenstern (tender) 257, 260, 261
Krisch, Otto 356
Ku 167
Kubilai Khan 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 22
Kufa 21
Kuka 232, 233, 235
Kumakh-Surt 372, 373
Kurile Islands 134
Kuro Siwo 367
L’Archevêque (member of La Salle’s expedition) 115
La Barre, Le Fèvre de 109, 110, 114
La Canela (Land of Cinnamon) 65
La Charette 197, 205
La Chine 105
La Condamine, Charles-Marie de see Condamine, Charles-Marie de la
La Cosa, Juan 37, 38
La Côte 173, 174, 176
La Motte de Luciere, Dominique 106
La Salle, René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de 103–15
arrives in Montréal 103
continues south 105
sails for France 105
builds the Griffin 106
description of character 107
builds Fort St Louis 108
reaches Gulf of Mexico 110
discovers Bay of St Louis 110
shot by Duhaut 112
Labrador 85, 86, 96
Ladakh 327
Lady Alice (craft designed by Stanley) 348, 349, 350
Lady Franklin Bay 362, 365, 375, 376, 379, 382–3
Laing, Gordon 122, 237, 246–50, 254, 255
arrives in Tripoli 246
falls in love with Emma Warrington 246
reaches In Salah 246
left for dead 248
reaches Timbuctoo 248
killed 249
Lake, Captain 240–1
Lake Albert Nyanza 314, 315, 346 see also Lake Luta Nzige
Lake Athabasca 195, 219
Lake Chad 229, 231, 232, 399, 402, 403
Lake Eyre 297, 299
Lake Geneva 176
Lake Kivu 311
Lake Luta Nziga (later Lake Albert Nyanza) 313, 314 see also Lake Albert Nyanza
Lake Michigan 107
Lake Neuchâtel 176
Lake Ngami 343
Lake Nyasa 345
Lake Ontario 105, 106
Lake Superior 105, 108
Lake Tanganyika 310–11, 313, 314, 345, 346, 347, 348
Lake Victoria Nyanza 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 345, 348
Lambton, William 190, 191, 192, 193
Lamy, Major François 399–403
Lancaster Sound
discovered by Baffin and Bylot 97
and Ross’s expeditions 207, 209, 210, 256, 257, 263
and Parry’s expeditions 210–11, 213, 214, 226
and Franklin’s expeditions 273, 274, 275, 280
Land of Cinnamon (La Canela) 65
Lander, John 237–41
Lander, Richard Lemon 122, 234–42
volunteers services 234
plays bugle 234, 235
put under house arrest with Clapperton 235
drinks bowl of poison 237
goes back to Africa 238
describes scenery 238
presents findings to Admiralty 241
dies near Bussa 242
Lapland 138, 406
Larocque, François-Antoine 199
latitude 138–9
lead poisoning 284
Ledyard, John 245
Lee, Hugh 411
Leibniz, 119
Leichardt, Ludwig 300
Leigh-Smith, Benjamin 292
Lena River 129, 370
Delta 371–2, 373, 387
Leon, Alonzo de 114–15
Leopold II, King of Belgium 351–2
Les Grands Mulets 173, 175
Lewis, Meriwether 194–206
description by
Jefferson 195
delivers speech 197
against British 199
meets Charbonneau 200
use of Experimentboat 201
carved name with Clark 203
leads nine men to Missouri Falls 204
shoots Indian 204
rejoins Clark 205
succumbs to alcohol and commits suicide 206
Leyte 58
Lhasa 327, 329, 462
Lidden, Lieutenant Matthew 210
Lima 143, 144, 187
Liotot 112, 113
Lisbon 6, 30, 40, 43, 45, 50, 51, 53, 146
Littleton Island 378, 379, 380, 381, 382
Livingstone, David 290, 294, 315, 343–6, 347–8, 352
little time for fools 343
searches for Lake Ngami 343
finds Victoria Falls 343
greeted as hero in London 343
writes on bloodshed 345
charts Lake Nyasa 345
comments about Portugal’s involvement in slavery 345
meets Stanley 347
becomes ill and dies 348
state funeral 348
Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa 345
Narrative of an Expedition to the Zambezi and its Tributaries 345
llanos 183–4, 186
Lockwood, Lieutenant James 377, 379, 381
Lodlo, Arnold 88
London 97, 233, 245, 249, 265, 317, 445, 458
crew of Discovery reaches 94
Cook returns to 159–60, 164
members of Cook’s expedition return to 170
response to Franklin’s Canadian expedition 226
Lander returns to 241
Great Exhibition 289
Burton arrives in 312
Speke’s monument in 315
Livingstone returns to 345
Stanley returns to 352
Nares faces inquiry in 265–6
Shackleton lectures in 460
London Gazette 170
London Missionary Society 345
longitude 120–1, 134, 388
Lono (Orono) 166, 167, 169
Loomis, Chauncey 342
Lords 294
Louis XIV, King of France 105, 106, 109, 110, 111, 114
Louis XV, King of France 139
Louisiana 7, 108, 115, 194