Hoffman, B.G. Cabot to Cartier. Toronto: 1961.
Howley, James P. The Beothuks or Red Indians: The Original Inhabitants of Newfoundland. Cambridge: University Press, 1915.
Innis, Harold A. The Cod Fisheries: The History of an International Economy. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1940.
———. The Fur Trade in Canada. Toronto: 1930.
Jangaard, P.M. The Capelin (Mallotus villosus). Fisheries Bulletin 186. Ottawa: Department of the Environment, 1974.
Jenkins, J.T. A History of the Whale Fisheries: From the Basque Fisheries of the Tenth Century to the Hunting of the Finner Whales at the Present Date. London: Kennikat Press, 1971.
Jomard, E.F. Les monuments de la géographie. Paris: 1854–62.
Josselyn, John. The Voyages to New England.
Jukes, J.B. Excursions in and about Newfoundland During the years 1839 and 1840. London: Murray, 1842.
King, Maj. W. Ross. The Sportsman and Naturalist in Canada. London: Hurst and Blackette, 1866. Reprint, Toronto: Coles, 1974.
Laborde, J. “La pêche à la baleine par les harponneurs basques.” Gurre Herria (1951).
Lahontan, Baron de. New Voyages to North America. 2 vols. (London: 1703). Edited by Reuben Gold Thwaites. Chicago: 1905. Reprint, New York: Burt Franklin, 1970.
Laird, Marshall. Bibliography of the Natural History of Newfoundland and Labrador. London: Academic Press, 1980.
Lavigne, D.M., and W.W. Barchard. “Notes, Interpretation and Evaluation of Harp Seal Census Data.” Polar Record 19, no. 121 (January 1979): 381–85.
LeClercq, Father Chrestien. New Relations of Gaspesia.
Lescarbot, Marc. Histoire de la Nouvelle France (Paris: 1609–11). Edited by W.L. Grant. Toronto: Champlain Society, 1907.
Levett, Christopher. Voyage into New England, Begun in 1623 and Ended in 1624.
Lindroth, C.H. The Faunal Connections between Europe and North America. New York: Wiley, 1957.
Lloyd, F.E.J. Two Years in the Region of Icebergs and What I Saw There. London: 1886.
Low, A.P. “List of Mammalia in the Labrador Peninsula, with Short Notes on Their Distribution, etc.” Reports of the Geological Survey of Canada, n.s., 8 (1896).
———. “Report on Explorations in the Labrador Peninsula, along the East Main, etc. etc.” Reports of the Geological Survey of Canada, n.s., 8 (1896).
Lysaght, A.M. Joseph Banks in Newfoundland and Labrador, 1766. London: Faber, 1971.
Mann, K.H. “The Impact of Man on Environmental Systems in the Maritimes.” In Environmental Change in the Maritimes, edited by J.C. Ogden II and M.J. Harvey. Halifax: Nova Scotian Institute of Science, 1975.
Mansfield, A.W. “The Atlantic Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) in Canada and Greenland.” IUCN Publications, n.s., supplementary paper 39 (1973): 69–79.
———. “Occurrence of the Bowhead or Greenland Right Whale (Balaena mysticetus) in Canadian Arctic Waters.”
———. Seals of Arctic and Eastern Canada. Fisheries Research Board of Canada Bulletin 137. 2d ed., revised. Ottawa: 1967.
———. “The Walrus in Canada’s Arctic.” Canadian Geographic Journal 72 (1966): 88–95.
Mansfield, A.W., and B. Beck. The Gray Seal in Eastern Canada. Fisheries and Marine Services Technical Report 704. Ottawa: Department of Fisheries, 1977.
Marsden, Joshua. The Narrative of a Mission to Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and the Somers Islands. 1816.
Mason, John. A Brief Discourse of the New-Found-Land. Edinburgh: 1620.
Mathiesson, Peter. Wildlife in America. New York: 1959.
Mercer, M.C. “Records of the Atlantic Walrus, Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus, from Newfoundland.” Journal of the Fisheries Resource Board of Canada 24 (1967).
Millais, J.C. Newfoundland and Its Untrodden Ways. London: Longmans Green, 1907.
Milne, L. and M. The Cougar Doesn’t Live Here Anymore. Englewood Heights, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1971.
Montizambert, Edward Louis. Canada in the Seventeenth Century (Translation of Pierre Boucher, True and Genuine Description of New France, Commonly called Canada, and the Manners and Customs and Productions of That Country. Paris: Florentin Lambert, 1664.) Montreal: George E. Desbarats, 1883.
Moreau, Jean-François. “Réflexions sur les chasseurs-cueilleurs: les montagnais, décrits par Le Jeune en 1634.” Recherches amérindiennes au Québec 10, no. 1–2 (1980): 48–49.
Nero, Robert W. The Great White Bears. Winnipeg: Manitoba Department of Renewable Resources and Transportation Services, 1976.
Nettleship, D.N. “Breeding Success of the Common Puffin... on Different Habitats at Great Island, Newfoundland.” Ecological Monographs 42 (1972).
Northcott, Tom H. The Land Mammals of Insular Newfoundland. St. John’s: Newfoundland Department of Tourism (Wildlife Division).
Novakowski, N.S. “Rare or Endangered Canadian Mammals.” Canadian Field Naturalist (January–March 1970).
Olaus Magnus. Histoire des lays septentrionaux. Translated by Plantin, 1560.
Patterson, Rev. George. “The Magdalene Islands.” Proceedings and Transactions of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science for 1890–94. 2d ser. Vol. 8, part 1: 31–57.
———. “The Portuguese on the North-East coast of America, and the First European Attempt at Colonization There: A Lost Chapter in American History.” Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Canada 8 (1890): 127–73.
———. “Sable Island: Its History and Phenomena.” Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Canada 12 (1894): 3–49.
Pearson, Arthur M. The Northern Interior Grizzly Bear, Ursus arctos l. Canadian Wildlife Service Report Series 34. Ottawa: Information Canada, 1975.
Pelletier, Gaby. “From Animal Skins to Polyester: Four Hundred Years of Micmac and Maliseet Clothing Styles and Ornamentation.” Papers of the Tenth Algonquin Conference, 1978.
Peterson, Randolf L. The Mammals of Canada. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1966.
Pichon. Lettres et mémoires pour servir à l’histoire naturelle, civile et politique du Cap Breton, depuis son établissement jusqu’à la reprise de cette île par les anglais en 1758.
Pinhorn, A.T. Living Marine Resources of Newfoundland-Labrador: Status and Potential. Bulletin 194. Ottawa: Department of the Environment, 1976.
Prance, G.T., and Thomas S. Elias. Extinction Is Forever.
Privy Council (G.B.). In the Matter of the Boundary between the Dominion of Canada and the Colony of Newfoundland in the Labrador Peninsula. Vol. 3. [Courtemanche’s memoir and the 1715 anonymous memoir are included.]
Prowse, D.W. A History of Newfoundland from the English, Colonial and Foreign Records. London: Macmillan, 1895.
Purchas, S. Hakluytus Posthumus, or Purchas His Pilgrimes: Contayning a History of the World in Sea Voyages and Lande Travells by Englishmen and Others. London: 1625. Reprint, Glasgow: Maclehose, 1905–7.
Reade, John. “The Basques in North America.” Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Canada, 1st ser., 6 (1888): 21–39.
Reeves, R. “White Whales of the St. Lawrence.” Canadian Geographic Journal 92, no. 2 (March–April 1976).
Reid, John. “The Beginnings of the Maritimes: A Reappraisal.” American Review of Canadian Studies.
Rostlund, Erhard. “Freshwater Fish and Fishing in Native North America.” University of California Publications in Geography 9 (1952).
Rowan, John J. The Emigrant and Sportsman in Canada: Some Experiences of an Old Country Settler with Sketches of Canadian Life, Sporting Adventures and Observations on the Forests and Fauna. London: Edward Stanford, 1876. Reprint, Toronto: Coles, 1972.
Sagard, Father Gabriel. The Long Journey to the Country of the Hurons.
St. Lawrence.” Quebec Legislature Sessional Papers 3 (1886): 39–65.
Schmidt, John L., and Douglas L. Gilbert. Big Game of North America. Harrisburg, Pa.: Stackpole Books, 1978.
Schorger, A.W. The Passenger Pigeon. University of Oklahoma Press, 1977.
Scisco, L.D. “Lescarbot’s Baron de Lery.” Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada (1911).
Scoresby, William. An Account of the Arctic Regions with a History and Description of the Northern Whale-Fishery. Vol. 2.
Scott, W.B., and E.J. Crossman. Freshwater Fishes of Canada. Fisheries Bulletin 184. Ottawa: Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 1973.
Sergeant, D.E., and P.F. Brodie. Identity, Abundance, and Present Status of Populations of White Whales, Delphinapterus leucas, in North America. Ottawa: Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 1975.
———. “Current Status of Seals in the Northern Hemisphere.” Seals: Proceedings of a Working Meeting of Seal Specialists on Threatened and Depleted Seals of the World, Held under the Auspices of the Survival Service of IUCN: 113–24.
Seton, Ernest Thompson. Life Histories of Northern Mammals. New York: 1909.
Slattery, Brian. “French Claims in North America, 1500–59.”
Spiess, Arthur. “Labrador Grizzly (Ursus arctos l.): First Skeletal Evidence.” Journal of Mammalogy 57, no. 4 (November 1976).
Spiess, Arthur, and Steven Cox. “Discovery of the Skull of a Grizzly Bear in Labrador.” Arctic 29, no. 4 (December 1976): 194–200.
Stewart, Darryl. Canadian Endangered Species. New York: Gage, 1974.
———. From the Edge of Extinction. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1978.
Stirling, E. “The Grizzly Bear in Labrador.” Forest and Stream 22 (1884).
Swenk, Myron H. “The Eskimo Curlew and Its Disappearance.” Smithsonian Institution Annual Report (1915).
Tanner, V. Outlines of the Geography, Life and Customs of Newfoundland-Labrador. 2 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1947.
Thevet, André. Les sinlaritez de la France antarctique, autrement nommé Amérique & de plusieurs terres & îles découvertes de nostre temps. Paris: 1557.
———. La cosmographie universelle. Paris: 1575.
Thwaites, Reuben C. The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents. Vol. 2. Cleveland: Burrow Brothers, 1896.
Tocque, P. Newfoundland As It Was and As It Is in 1877. London and Toronto: 1878.
Tuck, J.A. “Basque Whalers in Southern Labrador, Canada.” Proceedings of the International Symposium on Early European Exploitation of the Northern Atlantic: 800–1700.
Tuck, L.M. The Murres: Their Distribution, Populations and Biology. A Study of Genus Uria. Canadian Wildlife Service Monograph Series 1 (1960).
United Nations Working Party on Marine Mammals. Mammals in the Sea. Vol. 1. Report of the FAO Advisory Committee on Marine Resources Research. FAO Fisheries Series 5. Rome: Food and Agricultural Organization of the UN, 1978.
Warburton, A.B. “The Sea-Cow Fishery.” Acadiensis 3 (1902): 116–19.
Waters, J.H., and C.E. Ray. “The Former Range of the Sea Mink.” Journal of Mammalogy 42: 380–83.
Whitbourne, Richard. A Discourse and Discovery of New-Found-Land... London: 1620.
Williamson, C.R. The Bluefin Tuna in Newfoundland Waters. St. John’s: Newfoundland Tourist Office, 1962.
Wood, Thomas, and Stanley A. Munroe. Dynamics of Snowshoe Hare Populations in the Maritime Provinces of Canada. Canadian Wildlife Service Occasional Papers 30. Ottawa: Supply and Services Canada, 1977.
Index
Numbers refer to pages in the print edition
aboriginal cultures, 170–71, 188, 392, 435–36, 441. See also specific peoples
and bears, 117, 120, 137, 139–45, 147
and buffalo, 167–71
and fur-bearing animals, 151, 153, 158, 159, 160, 180
and great auk, 17–21, 28
and marine animals, 223, 246, 346, 395
in New England, 28, 282–83, 286
in Newfoundland, 17–21, 188, 196
and seals, 410–11, 413, 435
U.S. government and, 174, 176–77
and whales, 282–83, 286, 304–6, 351
Advisory Committee on Seals and Sealing (COSS), 480, 489
agriculture, 137, 192, 194, 515
Alaska, 128, 132–33, 202, 305–6, 406, 518
Alberta, 147, 202
Aleut people, 305
alewife (gaspereau), 218
Algonkian people, 282–83, 286
ambergris, 270
Anderson, R.M., 139–40
Ango, Jean, 386
Animal Protection Institute of America, 496
animal welfare organizations, 495, 496–97, 512, 514. See also specific organizations
anti-whaling, 275
and seal hunt, 471–72, 475–77, 490, 509
Animated Nature (Goldsmith), 404
Antarctic Ocean, 327–28, 332, 365
Anticosti Island, 396
bears on, 120, 146
fur-bearing animals on, 151–52, 156
Arctic, 130–31, 190–91
seal hunt in, 450, 458, 521
walrus in, 403–6
whales in, 292, 295–305, 350, 352, 357–58, 458
Arctic and Antarctic Institute, 379
Arctic Explorer, 483
Arctic Fisheries, 364
Arctic fox. See white fox
Arctic hare, 184
Arctic right whale. See bowhead whale
Arctic tern, 32, 52
Argentina, 60, 68, 73, 78, 85, 89, 328
Argoll, Samuel, 171
Artek, 470–71, 473
Atlantic Ocean. See North Atlantic Ocean; South Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Provinces, 146, 155–56, 183, 504. See also specific provinces
Atlantic puffin, 54
Atlantic salmon, 213–31, 347
extermination of, 228–30, 253, 418–19, 517
Audubon, John James, 49, 63, 80, 88, 94
on egging, 32–34
on great auk, 14, 28
auks, 15, 52. See also great auk
Baffin Bay, 229–30, 302–4
Baggs, Arthur, 334–35
Baie Chaleur, 227, 352, 390–91
Baie St-Paul, 233
Bailey, H.H., 80
baitfishes, 212, 218–22, 517
Balaena, 314–15, 334
bald eagle, 104–5, 515
baleen, 297–301
of black right whale, 260, 262–63, 268
of blue whale, 319
of bowhead whale, 289–90
Baltic Sea, 114, 380
Banff National Park, 149
Banfield, A.W.F., 140, 292, 352
Banks, Joseph, 120–21, 161–64, 298–99
Barents Sea, 290, 381, 406
basking shark, 4, 244–45
Basques, 390, 440
and great auk, 26, 29
and grey whale, 280–81, 284–85, 287
and train oil, 35, 255
as whalers, 258–70, 291, 293
and white bear, 117, 119–20
Bay of Biscay, 259, 260, 380. See also Basques
Bay of Fundy, 99, 347n, 411
fish in, 219, 237
whales in, 277, 343, 352
beach birds, 81–90
beach robin. See knot
Beamish, Peter, 276–77
bearded seal, 128
bearded whale. See bowhead whale
Bear Island, 385, 386, 395
bears, 110–49. See also specific types of bears
beaters, 439–40
killing of, 443–44, 446–47, 450, 469, 508
Beaufort Sea, 277–78, 300–301, 305, 404
Beck, Brian, 425
Beddington, John, 490
bedlamers, 443, 450, 469
Bélanger, Etienne, 171
Belle Isle Strait, 4, 120, 161, 232
whaling in, 271, 291, 298, 311
beluga whale, 113, 349–57
killing of, 304, 350–55
uses of, 349, 355
Bent, Arthur C., 92–93
on curlews, 76, 79
on Eskimo curlew, 61, 66, 73
on seabirds, 34, 46
on shorebirds, 83–88
Beothuk people, 20, 28, 188, 196
Bering Sea, 233, 300–301, 404
bighorn sheep, 198
Bird Island, 26
Bird Rocks, 24–25, 46, 49–50, 416
birds of prey, 104–5, 111
bison. See buffalo; wisent
black-backed gull, 52
black bear, 116, 140–41, 145–49, 224
black duck, 93
black fox. See red fox
black guillemot, 53
black right whale (sarda), 260, 263–77, 293–94
extermination of, 270–77, 284–85, 326, 340, 518
migration of, 263–65, 269
as oil source, 25, 311
Blommersdyk, 3
blubber, 266, 327, 399
of whales, 262–65, 270, 284, 290, 325
bluebacks, 455–58, 460, 469, 495, 501. See also hood seal
bluefin tuna, 239–43, 427
blue fox. See white fox
blue heron, 99–100
blue whale, 4, 307
extermination of, 314, 324, 326, 332, 337–43
food of, 254, 307, 308, 319
killing of, 316–21
as oil source, 320, 330
bobcat, 183–87
Bocall, Stevan de, 394
Bonaventure, 393
Bonaventure Island, 5, 26, 50
Bonavista Bay, 276, 444–45
Bonnycastle, Richard, 39
Boone, Daniel, 147, 172
bottlenose whale, 4, 358–64, 365
Boucher, Pierre, 172, 225, 235, 350
bounties, 185, 196, 353
on seals, 419–20, 426–27, 429–32, 519