Jacobins, 371-72, 376, 379
Johanna of Holstein-Gottorp (Catherine's
mother), 95, 102, 126 Catherine's childhood, 1-2, 5, 7, 10-11,
13 Catherine's illness, 47, 48, 49 Catherine's marriage prospects, 14, 24-
25, 27-28, 35-36 Catherine's wedding, 72-73 family connections, 3, 13, 15-16, 18, 23,
24, 29 journey to Russia, 32-39 other children, 4, 6, 15, 20, 21, 25 and Prussian court, 12-15, 32, 38, 49,
56, 67
at Russian court, 40, 41, 45, 50, 53, 55-
57, 60-61, 64-69 Johann of Anhalt-Zerbst, 30
Joseph II (Austrian emperor), 312, 333-37,
343, 350-53, 357, 360 Julia of Saxe-Coburg, 378
Kar, General, 297, 298
Karl August of Holstein-Gottorp, 13, 41,
47 Karl Frederick of Holstein-Gottorp, 13, 18 Karl Ulrich of Holstein-Gottorp. See Peter
III Karr, Fraulein, 87 Kaunitz, Wenzel Anton, 145 Kayn, Fraulein, 16-17, 32, 37, 38 Kazan, 269, 272 Keith, Lord, 168, 170, 197 Khrapovitsky (servant), 360, 362 Kiev, 64, 346, 347 Knight Errant, The (play), 360 Korff, Baron, 206-7, 220 Kosciuszko, Thadeus, 375 Kosheliev, Mademoiselle, 119 Kraus, Madame, 76, 84-85, 89, 93, 99 Kremlin, 54, 238, 244, 246-47, 249 Kronstadt, 218, 222-24, 358, 364 Kunersdorf, Battle of, 186 Kurakin, Helen, 181-82
Labritza estate, 125
Lamberti (gardener), 148
Lanskoy, Alexander, 329-30, 332, 337-40,
344 Lapushkin, Mademoiselle, 99 Lavater, Johann, 351 Lehndorff, Count, 161
ex
389
Lestocq, Armand, 31, 40, 42, 47, 48, 69 L'Hopital, Marquis de, 170-71 Lopukhin, Count, 51 Lopukhin, Countess, 40, 41, 50-51 Louis XV (French king), 70, 185, 312 Louis XVI (French king), 312, 350, 363,
364, 371, 372 Ludwig of Anhalt-Zerbst, 3, 20 Lutheranism, 7-9, 32-33, 46, 49-50, 54,
205, 215, 378
Mamonov, Alexander Dmitriev-, 344, 345,
360-63 Mardefeldt, Baron, 31, 32, 38 Maria (Catherine's granddaughter), 345,
377 Maria (Paul's second wife), 336, 345, 351,
357-58, 382 Marianne of Brunswick-Bevern, 13 Maria Theresa (Austrian empress), 79, 145,
331, 333, 334, 336 Marie Antoinette (French queen), 312, 350,
363, 364, 371, 372 Marie Elizabeth (Quedlinburg abbess), 15 Matushkin, Countess, 263, 369 Mauclerc, Monsieur de, 18 Mirovich, Vasily, 265, 266 Montesquieu, Charles Louis de Secondat,
140, 183, 232, 259, 270, 314, 335, 350 Moscow, 38-39, 238-51, 252-59, 286, 314-
17, 369 fires, 123, 241
Legislative Commission, 273-76 Paul's official entry into, 314-15 protests against Catherine, 257-58 support for Pugachev, 298-99, 315 Munnich, General, 222
Naryshkin, Anna, 362
Naryshkin, Leon, 114-15, 126, 161-62,
345, 349, 369 Naryshkin, Semyon, 36, 37 Natalia (Paul's first wife), 284-85, 289,
321-24
Oranienbaum estate, 97-98, 148-50, 154,
166-67 Orenburg, siege of, 293, 297, 298, 306 Orlov, Alexis, 188, 210, 225-27, 248, 263,
277-78, 328, 355, 357 Orlov, Feodor, 188
Orlov, Gregory, 181-82, 188-89, 249, 264-65, 269, 276, 279, 332 bid to marry Catherine, 255-57, 258, 308 Catherine's break with, 287-88, 327, 328 and Catherine's coup, 210-11, 213-15 Catherine's favors to, 248, 253, 259, 263,
288 enemies, 257, 259, 275, 286 and Paul, 280, 281, 289 personality, 256, 265 son by Catherine. See Alexis Gre-gorevich Orlov, Ivan, 188 Orlov, Vladimir, 188, 269 Orthodox Church
Catherine's conversion, 45-46, 48-50,
52-53 Catherine's coronation, 247-48 and Catherine's coup, 215, 216, 218-19 and Catherine's royal policies, 259-60,
378-79 Peter's contempt for, 44, 204-6, 215 view of women, 58, 59, 168
Panin, Nikita
break with Catherine, 333, 336 and Catherine's coup, 211, 216, 217,
33, 254 foreign policy, 187, 276, 312, 336 opposition to Cathenne-Orlov marriage,
255, 256, 257, 258 as Paul's tutor, 187, 211, 216, 280, 281,
336 Panin, Peter, 276 Paul I (Russian emperor) birth, 134, 137-39, 140 at Catherine's coronation, 245 and Catherine's death, 382, 383 Catherine's distrust of, 279, 280, 281,
289, 336, 345 childhood, 154, 155, 157, 174, 175, 184,
187, 192, 236 children by second wife, 335, 336, 339,
345, 377, 378 claim to throne, 211, 216, 246, 282, 345,
377-78 coming of age, 280-85 first marriage, 283-85, 288-89 first wife's pregnancy and death, 322,
324
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Paul I (continued)
memo on army, 300-301
persona, 281-82
as Peter's putative son, 199, 200, 378
reburial of Peter, 383
supporters, 282, 283, 286-87, 314-15,
328, 332 Peasant uprisings, 208, 230, 260-61, 30&-
10, 312, 314, 349 Peter I (the Great) (Russian emperor), 37,
38, 58, 60, 234, 236 banishment of first wife, 201 as Catherine's inspiration, 159, 234, 277 children, 13, 18, 23, 61, 134, 188, 189;
see also Elizabeth Peter III (Russian emperor), 203-4 abdication, 225 affairs, 84, 99, 105-6, 120, 130, 137-38,
164, 198; see also Vorontzov, Elizabeth Catherine's betrothal to, 27-29, 31, 40,
41, 54, 55 and Catherine's childbirths, 133, 134,
135, 137, 171, 172-73, 174 Catherine's coup against, 212, 217, 219,
221-24, 225-26 Catherine's first meeting with, 18-20 and Catherine's lovers, 119, 120, 161,
168 Catherine's power-building against, 156-
59, 172, 176-79, 187-88 Catherine's relationship with, 57, 64, 68,
71-72, 96-100, 102, 105, 106, 111,
124, 137-38, 147^8, 150-51, 156-57,
167-68, 172, 197, 198, 200, 201, 207,
209 Catherine's wedding to, 68, 69-76 claim to Russian throne, 18, 24, 44, 192 Danish campaign, 204, 208, 210, 221 death and burial, 226-29, 236, 256, 281,
383 delight at Elizabeth's death, 195 dislike of Orthodoxy, 44, 204-6, 215 disturbed/manic behavior, 92, 124, 150-
51 divorce plans, 168, 172, 185, 199, 200,
201 drunkenness, 19, 100-101, 124, 127, 150,
151, 167, 172, 173, 197, 198, 199, 223,
224 Elizabeth's dislike of, 44, 171, 179 fears for own safety, 111, 112-13 guardian, 92-93, 95, 101
Holstein allegiance, 19, 44, 71, 144 illnesses, 65-68, 71, 88 imposters. See False Peters military fantasies, 97-98, 149-50, 156,
166-67 Paul's efforts to vindicate, 378, 383 plan to build monastery, 98-99 political reforms, 197 proclamation naming, 193 Prussian allegiance, 144, 189, 190, 195-
96, 208 rejection of Russian culture, 44 and Russian military, 196, 203-7 sexual indifference to Catherine, 76, 87-
88, 89, 91 smallpox, 65-68, 71 succession concerns, 199-200 temper, 19, 71, 197 Poland, 264, 276, 283, 312, 375-76 Poniatowski, Stanislaus, 167, 168, 171,
174, 175, 182, 184, 319, 376 love for Catherine, 160-63 named King of Poland, 264, 276 Potemkin, Gregory
Catherine's passion for, 304-6, 312-14,
320 Catherine's quarrels with, 318-20 Catherine's reliance on, 317, 326, 339-
40, 343, 359 Catherine's rumored marriage to, 307-8 and Catherine's young lovers, 320-21,
329, 331, 339-40, 344, 361 Crimean campaign, 332-33, 337, 354,
355-57 critics of, 327-28, 331, 357 depression, 356 loss of influence, 372 persona, 303-4, 318, 320, 346-47 spectacles and balls, 352, 353, 365-68 "Potemkin villages," 357 Preobrazhensky Regiment, 42, 149, 188,
196, 216, 219, 220, 228, 286 Prinzen, Baroness von, 23 Prussia, 2-3, 38, 144, 155, 364 partition of Poland, 312, 376 peace treaty with Russia, 203-4, 207-8 Polish territorial acquisition, 376 war with Russia, 155, 166, 171, 180-81,
309-10, 314, 315, 349
ex
391
Rastre
lli, Bartolomeo, 37
Razin, Stenka, 290-91
Razumovsky, Alexei, 43-44, 62, 63, 110,
146, 157, 256, 308 Razumovsky, Andrei, 322 Razumovsky, Kiril, 157, 158, 188, 214 Repnin, Pierre, 99-100 Repnin, Prince, 93, 96, 99, 101, 123 Repnin, Princess, 96, 98 Rimsky-Korsakov, Ivan, 328, 329 Riviere, Mercier de la, 292-93 Rondeau, Lady, 81 Roumberg (Peter's valet), 19, 57, 71 Rumyantsev, Anna, 65-66 Rumyantsev, Countess Maria, 60, 65, 73,
75, 132, 285, 322, 323 Rumyantsev, General, 276 Rumyantsev, Praskovia, 65-66 see also
Countess Bruce Russia
changed image of, 311-12 colonization policy, 259 Cossacks, 289-91 luxury of court, 145-47 monarchy. See specific rulers new political role in Europe, 312 political alliances, 31; see also specific
countries treasury problems, 286, 298 Voltaire's interest in, 236 wars. See Prussia; Russo-Turkish wars;
Sweden women's low status in, 58-59, 168 Russian Orthodox Church. See Orthodox
Church Russo-Turkish wars, 276-79, 283, 286, 288, 297, 300-301, 312, 314, 355-56, 364, 365 peace treaty, 312, 314, 316
Saltykov, Sergei, 99-100, 122, 123, 126,
130, 138, 142, 161, 162, 199, 200,
202-3, 318 Catherine's pregnancies by, 121, 124-25,
131-34, 138, 184, 281; see also Paul I seduction of Catherine, 114-21. Schaglikov, Mademoiselle, 198, 199 Scherbatov, Daria, 360, 361, 362 Schlussburg fortress, 199, 219, 225, 265 Secret Branch, 250, 253, 257, 287 Secret Chancery, 109-12, 132, 143
Peter's abolishment of, 197 Segur, Count Louis-Philippe de, 344, 346,
347, 348, 349, 353 Semenovsky Regiment, 188, 214-15 Serfdom, 270, 272
Shafirov, Martha and Anna, 120-21, 130 Shkurin, Vasily, 246, 250 Shulkov (Elizabeth's bodyguard), 83 Shuvalov, Alexander, 110, 123, 132, 133,
134, 136, 143, 146, 148, 152, 167, 171,
172, 176, 177, 179, 187, 219, 220, 222,
223 Shuvalov, Countess, 96, 133, 135 Shuvalov, Ivan, 110, 123, 132, 134, 136,
143, 148, 152, 156, 157, 158, 164, 167,
171, 187 Shuvalov, Peter, 143, 154, 156, 157, 158,
167, 171, 174, 181-82, 187, 191 Smolny Institute, 311 Sophia (Sophie) Augusta Fredericka of
Anhalt-Zerbst. See Catherine II (the
Great) Sophie Christine of Anhalt-Zerbst, 16 Stroganov, Baron, 156 Suvorov, General, 355-56 Sweden, 18, 23, 24, 138, 142, 190 king's betrothal to Catherine's
granddaughter, 378-79, 380 war with Russia, 358-59, 364-65
St. Petersburg
Catherine and Peter's wedding in, 72 Catherine's first journey to, 33-38 Catherine's masked ball in, 261 Catherine's takeover, 211, 215-20, 226 as seat of Catherine's government,
259 Swedish attack on, 364-65 see also Oranienbaum estate
Saldern, Caspar von, 283
Saltykov, Pierre, 114, 115
Tacitus, 140-41, 157 Taliesin, Admiral, 218 Tatars, 230, 269 Tauride Region. See Crimea Teplof, Madame, 164 Teplov (Panin's assistant), 233 Todorsky, Simon, 46-48, 52-53 Torgua, Battle of, 186 Trebor (cadet), 110
Trubetskoy, Alexander, 99-100, 219, 220, 222, 223, 245, 246
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Turchaninov (assassin), 43 Turkey, 336, 350, 353, 364; see also Russo-Turkish wars
Ukraine, 230, 311, 376
Vassilchikov, Alexander, 287, 288, 289,
301-2, 303, 304, 318 Veliky, Simon, 283 Versailles, 70, 146 Villebois, General de, 215 Voinova, Catherine, 106-7 Vokheikov, Colonel, 36 Volga River, 268-69, 272-73 Volkonsky, Prince, 299 Voltaire, 140, 147, 183, 23S-36, 275, 276,
278, 292, 317, 335, 338, 350, 374 Vorontzov, Catherine. See Dashkov,
Catherine Vorontzov, Elizabeth, 137, 165-66, 167,
168, 172, 174, 176, 185, 197-99, 200,
201, 207, 221, 223, 224, 225
Vorontzov, Michael, 165, 168, 171, 185, 187, 190, 197, 219, 222, 223
Wagner, Pastor, 7-9, 52
Wilhelm of Anhalt-Zerbst, 4, 6, 10, 15, 20
Wilhelm of Saxe-Gotha, 20
Wilhelmina of Hesse-Darmstadt. See
Natalia Wladislava, Madame, 134-35, 136, 172,
173, 174, 176 Wolfenstierna (Swedish ambassador), 94-95
Yaik Cossacks, 289, 291, 294 Yermolov, Alexander, 344 Yevrenev, Timofei, 84
Zavadovsky, Peter, 321, 326-29, 359 Zelmira, 351 Zernichev, Count, 60 Zorich, Simon, 328, 329 Zorndorf, Battle of, 181 Zubov, Platon, 363, 364, 365, 370, 372-74, 376-77, 380, 381
This book made available by the Internet Archive.
Table of Contents
Chapter One
Chapter Two
Chapter Three
Chapter Four
Chapter Five
Chapter Six
Chapter Seven
Chapter Eight
Chapter Nine
Chapter Ten
Chapter Eleven
Chapter Twelve
Chapter Thirteen
Chapter Fourteen
Photographs
Chapter Fifteen
Chapter Sixteen
Chapter Seventeen
Chapter Eighteen
Chapter Nineteen
Chapter Twenty
Chapter Twenty-One
Chapter Twenty-Two
Chapter Twenty - Three
Chapter Twenty-Four
Chapter Twenty-Five
Chapter Twenty-Six
Chapter Twenty-Seven
Chapter Twenty-Eight
A Note on Sources