During the course of this project, I was lucky to have the help of several brilliant young researchers: foremost Katherine McCarron in Washington, and also Jennifer Pitts in Washington, Sarah Maraniss in Austin, Dan Alexander in London, and Peter Green in Prague. Lucy Shackelford and Elizabeth Hudson of the Post were also generous with their research assistance, as was the entire Post library staff. Other helpful librarians were Jon K. Reynolds at Georgetown University’s Lauinger Library; Ben Primer, archivist at Princeton’s Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library; Betty Austin, Fulbright archivist at the University of Arkansas at Fayetteville; and Linda Pine, special collections librarian at the University of Arkansas-Little Rock. Thanks also to Mary Nell Turner, town historian of Hope, and Inez Cline, her counterpart in Hot Springs.
Alice Mayhew at Simon & Schuster, in guiding me through my first book, was everything I had hoped a book editor would be: encouraging, coaxing, intelligent, excited, and exacting. Her refined red pen, and the black pen of her calm deputy, Eric Steel, instructed me in the art of long-form narrative. Thanks also to Ann Adelman and Lydia Buechler, first-rate copy editors. Rafe Sagalyn, my agent, was always generous and supportive.
My work in England was made infinitely easier by the good-humored hospitality of the Harris branch of the Maraniss extended family: Pat Harris, Francis Harris, and Angela Harris. Special thanks to John Harris for paving the way for me at Oxford. Harry Walsh made it possible for a computer illiterate to write a book. Michael Norman, my old dear friend, pushed me to write and kept me going when I doubted myself, as did John Feinstein, Chip Brown, Neil Henry, Richard Cramer, Mike Connolly, Mike Tackett, Elsa Walsh, Steve Amos, Jon Kalb, Don McCarthy, Henry Bryan, Maddy Biais, John Katzenbach, Blaine Harden, and Frank Roloff.
Two great editors, my parents, Mary and Elliott Maraniss, came bursting out of retirement to devote themselves to this book. It was a joy to decipher my father’s illegible brilliance and to see how my mother could snap a sentence into shape with one precise editor’s mark. Maggie, our sweet old sheepdog, stayed home with me during my long year of writing, making it less lonely. And most of all my thanks go to Linda, who supported me through it all, reading and editing every word late at night on the computer screen, sitting in my wobbly, screws-loose chair. She and Andrew and Sarah are the reasons my wheels did not come off. They are not everything, as the old Packer coach would say, they are the only thing.
INDEX
abortion, 293, 434, 435
Abrams, Creighton W., 182
Achtenberg, Hannah, 126, 129, 146
Adams, Ruth M., 257
Addington, Ron, 297-99, 305-6, 319, 334, 335, 337
AFL-CIO, 321,348, 395
Agnew, Spiro, 232
Albery, John, 142, 213
alcoholism, in Clinton family, 14, 38-39, 51, 421-22
Alexis, Anik “Nicki,” 211, 212-13
Alford, Dale, 75
Alinsky, Saul, 257
Allen, Bill, 76
Aller, Frank, 104
draft resistance by, 126-27, 150-51, 164, 177, 202, 243-44, 260
at Oxford, 132, 140, 153, 159, 161, 167, 196, 197, 216, 217, 219, 220, 224
suicide of, 259-61, 436
Alsdorf, Robert, 263, 264, 286
Altshuler, Fred, 309, 311, 314-15, 316, 381, 393-94
American Oxonian, 185, 242-43, 345-46, 436, 448, 463
Amis, Martin, 139
Anderson, Jack, 311 -12
Anderson, Sam, Jr., 422
Anthony, Beryl, 346
Anthony, John Ed, 366, 376
Arkansas, 13, 84, 103, 143-44, 179, 266, 280-81
Clinton as attorney-general of, 350-52
Clinton as governor of, 358-67, 376-86, 390-91, 405-7, 409-13, 430, 436, 448-49, 452-53, 454, 456
Clinton elected attorney-general of, 340, 341, 346-49
Clinton’s campaigns for governorship of, 352-57, 376, 384-88, 391-92, 394-395, 397, 399-404, 407-9, 429, 430-431, 454-57
Clinton’s failed 1974 congressional campaign in, 294-306, 319-38, 339, 348
Clinton’s return to, 287-89
Democratic party in, 15, 74, 75, 118, 290, 296, 304-5, 329, 331, 337, 340, 349, 403, 412, 463
election campaigns in, 74-81, 111, 112-116, 346-50
Hillary Rodham’s move to, 315-18, 326-327
Republican party in, 75, 116, 166, 173, 290, 296, 305, 376, 377
Arkansas Boys State, 13-14, 42
Arkansas Education Association, 401
Arkansas Gazette, 29, 191, 325, 354, 393, 394, 401, 409, 458
Arkansas, University of, Law School at, 225, 285
Clinton as professor at, 287-94, 328, 340, 341
Clinton’s draft avoidance and, 174, 180-181, 190, 198, 289, 356
Hillary Rodham as professor at, 316-18, 327-28, 341-42, 350-51, 369
Arkansas Supreme Court, 406-7
Armstrong, Bob, 274, 278, 283, 299-300, 439-40
Armstrong, William S., 118, 119, 180, 190
Arrogance of Power, The (Fulbright), 97-98
Ashby, Kit, 52, 69, 70, 89, 90, 91, 95, 97, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 175, 224
Ayers, Lou Birchie, 25
Ayers, William, 188
Bailey, John, 228
Baiocchi, Judi, 55
Baker, Bobby, 128-29
Ballard, Karen, 421
Baran, John, 333
Bassett, Woody, 292, 327, 328, 390, 402, 448
Becker, J. Bill, 321, 363, 395, 415
Bekavac, Nancy, 233, 238-39, 240, 241, 242, 264, 285
Bell, Tom, 308, 310-12
Bentsen, Lloyd, 271
Berger, Sandy, 440, 442
Bickel, Alexander, 235
Bittker, Boris, 235
Black, Charles L, Jr., 235
blacks, 27, 29, 79, 241-42, 257
at Arkansas University Law School, 293-294
at Georgetown University, 63
at Moscow University, 211
in 1982 election, 402, 403
Texas Democrats and, 273, 281
at Yale, 237-38 see also civil rights; school desegregation
Blair, Diane Kincaid, 296, 326, 342, 343, 369-70, 372, 390, 462, 463
Blair, James, 234, 296, 323, 331, 369-70, 371-72, 374, 416, 424, 428
Blevins, Dexter, 35
Blumenthal, Mark, 268-69, 277, 283, 284
Blythe, Andrew Jackson, 437
Blythe, Henry Leon, 26
Blythe, Thomas Jefferson, 437
Blythe, William Jefferson (father), 24-29, 78, 144, 175, 219, 326, 349, 375, 425
Blythe, Willie, 25
Bond, Julian, 267
Bone, Robert L. “Red,” 370, 371
Bork, Robert, 236-37, 238-39
Borosage, Robert, 234
Boskin, Michael, 189-90
Bowman, Bertie, 83-84, 98
Boys Nation, 37, 42, 55
Clinton’s 1963 Washington visit with, 11-13, 15-20
Bradley, Bill, 93
Branch, Taylor, 183, 300, 315-16
1972 McGovern campaign work of, 265, 266, 267-68, 269, 271, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277-79, 281, 282, 283
Branchero, Jeff, 313
Branscum, Herbie, 457
Brewster, Kingman, 127
Briscoe, Dolph, 271, 273
Britt, Henry, 118, 119
Broder, David, 388
Brooke, Edward, 257-58, 259
Brown, Elliot, 263
Brown, Jerry, 339, 389
Brown, L. D., 425
Brown, Ron, 458
Browne, Nick, 134
Bryant, John, 448
Buchanan, Clara, 86
Buck, Elizabeth, 42, 43, 299
Bullock, Bob, 273
Bumpers, Dale, 322-23, 337, 340, 438
Busby, Horace, 270
Bush, George, 190, 205, 441, 448, 449, 452
Butler, Roy, 271-72
Butte, George, 101, 123, 124, 126, 133, 152, 201, 243
Butz, Earl, 330, 331
Cabe, Gloria, 391, 438, 439, 443, 445, 447, 448, 452-53, 454-55, 457
Cabe, Robert, 446
Calabresi, Guido, 235
Campbell, Craig, 350
Campbell, Tom, 51, 52-53, 61, 66-67, 70, 73, 87, 88, 97, 98, 105, 106, 108, 116, 175, 217, 224
capital punishment, 302, 434-35, 450, 453
Caplan, Thomas Mark, 52, 53-55, 56, 63, 71, 73-74, 93, 96, 105, 107, 111, 358, 461, 463
Capone, Al, 34
Cardozo, Benjamin, 71
Carmichael, Stokely, 266
Carr, Billie, 265, 266, 269, 280, 281, 299, 390, 443
Carson, Johnny, 446, 447
Carter, Jimmy, 330, 349-50, 351, 357, 376, 377, 379, 381, 388, 394
Carter administration, 359, 377
Cash, Clarence, 347, 349
Cassidy, Edith (grandmother), 21, 22, 23, 25, 30-31, 32, 49, 425
Clinton’s letters to, 52, 53, 56, 60, 77-78, 83, 84, 87, 88
Cassidy, Eldridge (grandfather), 21, 22-23, 29, 30, 31, 78, 367, 406, 424, 425
Cassidy, George Washington, 437
Cates, Richard, 309-10
Cecil, Ron, 14, 36, 43, 147, 299, 330
Champ, Bebe, 276, 277, 279, 283, 284
Chicago Mercantile Exchange, 370
Children’s Defense Fund, 315, 369
Christian, George, 271
civil rights, 19, 30, 75, 267, 301-2
Clinton’s support of, 16-17, 63, 72, 85, 94, 104-5, 113-14, 135, 239, 453-54
Clark, J. Steven, 288
Clay, Eric, 238
Clinton, Allen W. (grandfather), 65-66
Clinton, Chelsea Victoria (daughter), 375, 391, 392, 394, 428, 441, 442-43, 453, 459, 463, 464
Clinton, Hillary, see Rodham, Hillary
Clinton, Ilaree, 34
Clinton, Ina Mae Murphy, 31
Clinton, Raymond (uncle), 31, 33, 34, 75, 118-19, 162, 172, 300
Clinton, Robert, 34
Clinton, Roger (stepfather), 33, 37, 67, 104, 118, 144, 304, 421, 425
alcoholism and abusiveness of, 35, 38-41, 92
background and character of, 31, 34
Clinton’s relationship with, 32, 39-41, 66, 91-92, 100
death of, 99-100, 238
Clinton, Roger Cassidy (half-brother), 37, 60, 175, 238, 313, 326, 334, 368, 404
Clinton’s relationship with, 40-41, 66, 197, 344, 423-24
drug conviction of, 419-23
Clinton, Roy, 34
Clinton, Virginia, see Kelley, Virginia
Clinton, William Jefferson:
“apology” ad broadcast by, 397-99, 400
athletics and, 100-101, 141
birth of, 14, 21, 28, 29
campaign fund-raising by, 300, 346, 351,
368, 385, 403, 418, 439, 457
as center of family, 37-41
chronic lateness of, 98-99, 305-6, 321, 362, 363-64, 395
citizenship-renouncing rumor about, 207-8
death as viewed by, 345, 349, 352
draft status as political issue for, 190-92, 324-25, 332, 356, 458
draft status of, 85, 106, 107, 118-21, 122, 132, 145, 147, 149, 162, 164, 165-66, 167-84, 190-94, 198-205, 208, 464
drinking by, 51, 71, 126, 142, 211, 215, 221-22, 280, 298
election defeats suffered by, 17-18, 42, 55, 88-91, 336-38, 339, 376, 384-89, 397, 398
European grand tour taken by, 206-15, 220-22
father figures of, 44, 48, 199-200, 236, 424, 433
first election victory of, 14-15
first gubernatorial inauguration of, 358-360
first political speech given by, 48-49
grade school education of, 35-36
high school education of, 38, 41-49
index card files of, 284, 389, 392, 394
jogging by, 93, 416, 427
marijuana and, 153-54, 333
money as viewed by, 334, 367-68, 427
name of, 32, 36, 40-41, 305
nicknames of, 40, 49, 294, 334, 364, 454
outgoingness and charm of, 14, 35-36, 52,61, 124, 133, 139-41, 144, 150, 153, 160, 195, 212, 221, 238
physical appearance of, 12, 32, 95, 174, 185, 209, 211, 212, 216-17, 221, 222, 224, 227, 233, 265, 269, 286, 291, 297-98, 374
political compromises made by, 361, 367, 415
political evolution of, 89, 114, 135, 137-138, 140, 158-59, 230, 232, 236, 284-285, 289, 348-49, 407, 411, 416-18, 432, 453-54
political future predicted for, 15, 67-68, 86, 113, 124, 143-44, 168, 186, 217-218, 222, 247, 269, 281, 286, 288-89, 313, 339-40, 358, 436-37
political nature and understanding of, 14, 128-29, 162, 217, 239-40, 262, 275, 279, 282, 284-85, 295, 323, 351, 355, 367, 390, 396, 428, 435, 449, 454
presidential candidacy of, 436-64
reading by, 42, 66, 80, 153, 159, 164, 216, 220, 233, 241, 277, 345
religion and, 35, 52, 57-58, 432, 433-434, 435, 451
Rhodes scholarship won by, 91, 93, 100-104, 107, 118
saxophone playing by, 45, 46, 217
Southern roots used as prop by, 52, 72-73, 74, 238, 247
study and work habits of, 42, 70, 112, 233-34, 242, 285
Vietnam War opposition of, 189, 207
womanizing issue and, 333, 425, 439-41, 456, 460-61
women as influence on, 13, 21, 77, 218, 427
Cohen, Steve, 234, 248, 359, 360, 440, 441-42
Coleman, Bill, 230, 233, 238, 239, 240, 241-42, 286
Coleman, William T., Jr., 241
Connally, John, 271, 274, 278, 279
Constitution, U.S., 71, 293, 311
Conway, Michael, 263, 264, 307-8, 314, 315
Cormier, Rufus, 238
Corrado, Robert, 119
Courier, 54, 56, 63-64, 73
Craig, Greg, 248, 259, 262-63, 359
Crawford, Gabe, 34-35, 300, 304
Cuban refugees, 376-78, 379, 380-81, 384, 388, 393
Cuomo, Mario, 417, 437, 438
Czechoslovakia, 213-15
Dagnon, John, 51-52, 55, 110
Daley, Richard J., 99
Daniels, Charlie, 211, 212, 213, 215, 300, 359, 439
Danner, John, 364-65
Daugherty, Jim, 321
Davis, Wylie H., 287-89. 292, 316-17
Dean, John, 314
death penalty, 302, 434-35, 450, 453
Democratic Leadership Council, 452, 458-459
Democratic National Committee. 388-89, 395, 396
Democratic National Conventions: of 1928, 280
of 1968, 158, 256, 267
of 1972, 270
of 1980, 380-83, 444, 453
of 1984, 417
of 1988, 444-47
Democratic party, 54, 62, 160, 170, 226. 227, 228, 230, 251, 309, 339, 376, 384, 416-17, 437
in Arkansas, 15, 74, 75, 118, 290, 296, 304-5, 329, 331, 337, 340, 349, 403, 412, 46, 3
in Texas, 265-86
Democrats for Nixon, 271, 278, 279
Deutsch, Jan, 262
Dickey, John Sloane, 125
Dierks, Don, 47
Dittmer, Thomas, 371
Dixon, Lynda, 434
Doar, John, 297, 307-10, 311-12, 315
Dodd, Thomas J., 227, 230, 232
Dole, Bob, 349
Donahue, Alphonsus J., 228
Donaldson, Sam, 310
Donenfeld, Mickey, 228-29
Dozier, Phil, 83, 84, 86
Draude, Waiter, 63
Drew, Roy, 428
Drummond, James “Bulldog.” 377-78
Duffey, Joseph D., 1970 Senate campaign of, 226-33
Dukakis, Michael, 339, 437, 444, 445, 446, 448
Dunlap, J. E., 302
Durham, James, 207-9
Dwire, Jeff (mother’s third husband), 146, 149, 162, 165, 168, 171, 172, 192, 326
Eagleton, Thomas, 266
Eakeley, Douglas, 124, 126, 129, 131, 133, 139-40, 169, 176, 223, 229-30, 240, 241, 242, 247
Earl, Robert, 189
Ebeling, Betsy Johnson, 251, 255-56, 344
Education Commission of the States, 437-438
education reform, 409-14, 415-16, 431, 449, 454
Education Standards Committee, 410, 411, 431
Ehrman, Sara, 307, 310, 317-18, 359
Eidenberg, Eugene, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 274
Ellis, Carolyn, 248-49, 259, 344, 358-59
Ellis, Opal, 119
Ellis, Trice, 118, 119
Ellsworth, Judy, 35
Emerson, Ralp Waldo, 133
Emerson, Tom, 235, 248
Engstrom, Steve. 186-87
Erickson, Kai. 412-13
Ervin, Sam, 291
Evans, Honey, 171
Evans, Sharon Ann, 94-95, 116-17, 147, 154, 161-62, 171
Farenthold, Sissy, 265, 273, 277, 284
Fath, Creekmore, 283, 285
Faubus, Orval, 13, 16, 17. 75. 76, 380, 415, 462
Fayetteville, Ark., 84, 174, 298, 301, 327, 332, 338, 344, 350
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, 430
Fischer, Ruthie, 276, 277
Fletcher, Willy, 104, 150-51, 165, 189, 261
Flowers, Gennifer, 457-58
Ford, Gerald, 241, 329-30, 346, 349
Fors, Henry, 211, 212, 213
Fortas, Abe, 263. 264
Fort Smith, Ark., 298, 337, 361-62
Foster, Vince, Jr., 428
Fray, Mary Lee Saunders, 115-16, 118, 320, 326, 327, 333, 335
Fray, Paul, 76, 115, 118, 168, 295, 301, 320-21, 324-25, 326, 332, 333, 334, 335-36, 337
French, Jim, 46, 147-48, 181, 299, 323
French, Lyle, 401
Fulbright, J. William, 54, 99, 122, 132, 137, 156, 164, 170, 171, 173, 179, 240, 261, 290, 296, 322-23, 331, 373