John Stephens Wood stayed in Georgia: Atlanta Constitution, Sept. 13, 1968; Washington Post, Sept. 14, 1968.
Charles E. Potter . . . lasted only one term in the Senate: Washington Post, Nov. 25, 1979; Potter, Days of Shame.
One winter afternoon more than a half-century later: Notes from reporting trip to Woodstock, Dec. 7, 2016. Among the many interesting things I learned during my time in Woodstock: (1) Fred Painter, who worked as a deputy sheriff there, wrote that during the Prohibition years his pay was based on the number of arrests and warrants served rather than a salary; (2) tobacco was the early money crop in Shenandoah County, and the pay for testifying in court was twenty-five pounds of tobacco in 1779; and (3) it was from the Old Shenandoah House that Gen. Philip Sheridan wrote his famous message back to Washington during the Civil War: “I have made the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia so bare that a crow flying over it would have to carry its knapsack.”
Bereniece Baldwin kept testifying: Interviews with Susan Vella and Michael Wiethoff, Baldwin’s grandchildren; Investigative Name Files, Bereniece Baldwin, HUAC Papers, National Archives; Babson et al., The Color of Law, 259–60; Detroit Free Press, Mar. 19, 1961.
The focus in Bob’s retirement story: Ann Arbor News, July 29, 1978.
Why it took my parents and uncle so long to reject: Correspondence with Jean (Maraniss) Alexander and Jim Maraniss, Apr. 2018.
Until then he did not know the full story: Letter from Jim Maraniss to Bob Cummins, spring 1981. Although the letter is undated, Jim mentions that he is writing after a visit to San Antonio, where he participated in a symposium on Pedro Calderón de la Barca on the three hundredth anniversary of the Spanish playwright’s death. Jim is a Calderón scholar.
It was in the summer of 2006 when we gathered at the cemetery: I wrote about the graveside ceremony in “Crossing the Water,” an essay in Into the Story (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2010): “My parents left Wisconsin forever last Saturday morning at dawn. Their ashes were contained in two urns in the trunk of my car—my dad’s made of solid wood, my mom’s of intricate cloisonné. The August morning sky was high and cloudless, so soft and blue it hurt, like the sound of a melodious cello hurts. The world never seems more achingly fragile than on a late-summer day when you can sense something slipping away.”
Selected Bibliography
Appleman, Roy E. The War in the Pacific. Washington, DC, Department of the Army, 1947.
Babson, Steve, Dave Riddle, and David Elsila. The Color of Law. Detroit, Wayne State Press, 2010.
Barbas, Samantha. The First Lady of Hollywood. Berkeley, University of California Press, 2005.
Bayley, Edwin R. Joe McCarthy and the Press. Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 1981.
Beeching, William C. Canadian Volunteers: Spain 1936–1939. Regina, Saskatchewan, University of Regina Press, 1989.
Bernstein, Carl. Loyalties. New York, Simon and Schuster, 1989.
Bernstein, Walter. Inside Out. New York, Knopf, 1996.
Bessie, Alvah. Men in Battle. New York, Scribner’s, 1939.
Brater, Enoch. Arthur Miller. New York, Thames and Hudson, 2005.
Carroll, Peter N. The Odyssey of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade. Stanford, CA, Stanford University Press, 1994.
Caute, David. The Great Fear. New York, Simon and Schuster, 1978.
Chambers, Whittaker. Witness. New York, Random House, 1952.
Cogley, John. Report on Blacklisting. New York, Fund for the Republic, 1956.
Cohen, Robert. When the Old Left Was Young. New York, Oxford University Press, 1993.
Communism in the Detroit Area, Hearings before the Committee on Un-American Activities, House of Representatives. 82nd Congress, 2nd Session. Parts 1–2. Washington, DC, Government Printing Office, 1952.
Cowley, Malcolm. The Dream of the Golden Mountains. New York, Viking Press, 1964.
Eatwell, Robert. Fascism: A History. London, Pimlico, 2003.
Eby, Cecil. Comrades and Commissars. University Park, Pennsylvania State University Press, 2007.
Farrell, John A. Richard Nixon. New York, Doubleday, 2017.
Frankel, Glenn. High Noon. New York, Bloomsbury USA, 2017.
Griffith, Robert. The Politics of Fear. Amherst, University of Massachusetts Press, 1970.
Halberstam, David. The Fifties. New York, Villard Books, 1993.
Hemingway, Ernest. For Whom the Bell Tolls. New York, Scribner, 1940.
Hernández, Miguel. Poemas Sociales, de Guerra y de Muerte. Madrid, Alianza Editorial, 1977.
Hoar, Victor. The Mackenzie-Papineau Battalion. Toronto, Copp Clark, 1969.
Hochschild, Adam. Spain in Our Hearts. Boston, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016.
Jackson, Angela. At the Margins of Mayhem. Pontypool, UK, Warren & Pell, 2008.
Kazan, Elia. A Life. New York, Knopf, 1988.
Klingaman, William K. Encyclopedia of the McCarthy Era. New York, Facts on File, 1996.
Kutler, Stanley. The American Inquisition. New York, Hill and Wang, 1982.
Lee, Ulysses. The Employment of Negro Troops. Washington, DC, Center of Military History, 1963.
Martelle, Scott. The Fear Within. Piscataway, NJ, Rutgers University Press, 2011.
Mason, Gabriel. Gabriel Blows His Horn. Philadelphia, Dorrance, 1972.
Mason, Gabriel, editor. Great American Liberals. New York, Starr King Press, 1956.
Miller, Arthur. The Portable Arthur Miller. New York, Viking Press, 1971.
Miller, Arthur. The Theater Essays of Arthur Miller. New York, Viking Press, 1978.
Miller, Arthur. Timebends. New York, Grove Press, 1987.
Miller, Edward G. A Dark and Bloody Ground. College Station, Texas A&M Press, 1994.
Morgan, Ted. Reds. New York, Random House, 2003.
Murphy, Brenda. Congressional Theatre. Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Navasky, Victor S. Naming Names. New York, Hill and Wang, 1980.
Neugass, James. War Is Beautiful. New York, New Press, 2008.
Oney, Steve. And the Dead Shall Rise. New York, Vintage Books, 2003.
Orwell, George. Homage to Catalonia. London, Secker & Warburg, 1938.
Pearson, Drew. Diaries: 1949–1959. New York, Holt, Rinehart, 1974.
Roth, Norman. Conversos, Inquisition, and the Expulsion of the Jews from Spain. Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 1995.
Watt, George. The Comet Connection. Lexington, University Press of Kentucky, 1990.
Weaver, Michael E. Guard Wars. Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 2010.
Wright, Nathan. The Making of a Champion: George Crockett’s Life Story. New York, Black Media, Inc., unpublished manuscript.
Illustration Credits
Maraniss family album: 1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 15, 19, 20
United Press: 2
Baldwin family photo: 3
Washington Post: 4
Atlanta Journal-Constitution: 5
Cummins family album: 10, 11, 14
Linda Maraniss: 12, 22, 23
Abraham Lincoln Brigade Archive: 13
Tamiment Library Archive: 16
Detroit News: 17, 18
Elliott Maraniss FBI file: 21
Index
A note about the index: The pages referenced in this index refer to the page numbers in the print edition. Clicking on a page number will take you to the ebook location that corresponds to the beginning of that page in the print edition. For a comprehensive list of locations of any word or phrase, use your reading system’s search function.
Abraham Lincoln High School, 26, 27–34, 76, 77, 80, 136, 304, 349
Adamic, Louis, 136–37
Adams, Thomas, 290
Alien and Sedition Acts, 229, 290
Alinsky, Saul, 263
Allan, Billy, 16, 119, 150, 262, 263, 267, 271, 309
Allan, Stephanie, 16, 119
All My Sons (Miller), 293, 333
Aly Khan, Prince, 269–70
America First movement, 141
Ame
rican Federation of Labor (AFL), 60
American Giant: Walt Whitman and His Times (Winwar), 206
American Legion, 241, 275, 292, 319
American Mercury, 317
Americans for Democratic Action, 263
American Student Union (ASU), 80, 125, 126, 128, 141, 142, 144–45, 164
American Youth Congress, 145–46
American Youth for Democracy (AYD), 262
Anderson, Robert, 143
And the Dead Shall Rise (Oney), 47, 50–52
Ann Arbor, Mich., 74, 82–84, 127, 128, 134, 138, 197, 307, 311, 328, 345, 349, 351, 357, 360
Hagen’s tavern in, 70–71, 82, 104, 124
Ann Arbor High School, 97, 127, 164, 231
Ann Arbor News, 358
anticommunism and Red Scare, 5, 7, 9, 14, 17, 18, 36, 37, 166, 227, 229–30, 234, 253–56, 272, 316, 318–19, 359
Crockett’s column on, 233–34
McCarthy and, see McCarthy, Joseph
Appell, Donald T., 18–20, 332–34
apples, 6, 222, 275
Tavenner’s business in, 86, 218, 221–23, 226, 252, 322–23, 355
Arens, Richard, 334–35
Armstrong, Neil, 153
Army-McCarthy hearings, 316, 318, 319, 348
Associated Press (AP), 37, 70, 131–32, 219
Atlanta Constitution, 45, 52
Atlanta Journal, 49, 56
atomic weapons, 36, 208, 229, 261, 291
Attlee, Clement, 99
Avila, Bobby, 313
Baldwin, Bereniece “Toby,” 10, 12–17, 267, 309, 355–57
death of, 355, 356
HUAC testimonies of, 14, 20, 118–23, 150, 285–86, 320, 355
informant job of, 12–18, 20, 118–20, 123, 355–56
Elliott Maraniss named as communist by, 4, 18, 20, 121–22, 149, 266, 278, 285–86, 329, 344, 350
Mary Maraniss named as communist by, 122–23, 210
Subversive Activities Control Board testimony of, 12–14, 36, 320
White and, 92
Baldwin, Burton, 355–57
Baldwin, Harvey, 12, 14–15
Barnard, Hawley, 74
Barnet, Boris, 261
baseball, 6, 274–75, 313, 345
Bob Cummins and, 74–75, 274, 275, 358
Elliott Maraniss and, 22, 23, 31, 82, 129, 159, 163, 265, 274–76
segregation in, 41, 42, 170, 264–66
Batchelor, E. A., Jr., 120
Bauer, Henry, 32
“Beaumont to Detroit: 1943” (Hughes), 172
Beiswenger, Hugo, 169, 263
Bell, Thomas M., 54
Beltaire, Mark, 63–64
Bennett, Harry, 19
Bentley, Elizabeth, 229
Bessie, Alvah, 93, 107, 249
Bettendorf, Iowa, 336–38, 341, 351
Big Boxcar, The (Maund), 338
Big Jim McLain, 298–300, 304
Billig, Otto, 188
Bill of Rights, 4, 143, 289, 295, 348
see also Fifth Amendment; First Amendment
Bircumshaw, Derek, 190
Black, Hugo, 290, 307
Black, Tom, 55–56
Blake, William, 143
Bobadilla, Pedro A., 306
Boyle, Cornelius, 39
Boy Scouts, 22–23, 29–30, 66, 160
Bradlee, Ben, 352
Bramlett, Joe, 56
Branca, Ralph, 275
Brandeis, Louis, 137–38, 148
Brinnin, John Malcolm, 134, 143
Brooklyn, N.Y., 6, 21–23, 31, 304
see also Coney Island
Brooklyn Daily Eagle, 23, 32, 124, 206
Brooklyn Dodgers, 75, 264–66, 275
Brooks, Joe, 181, 183
Brooks, Van Wyck, 206
Browder, Earl, 15, 236
Brown, David, 290
Brown, Prentiss M., 103
Bryan, Wright, 315
Buchanan, Thomas, 324
Bugas, John S., 18–20
Bukharin, Nikolai, 132
Buñuel, Luis, 101
Burger, Bertrand R., 29–30
Burroughs, Ed, 143–44
Byrd, Harry Flood, 221, 222, 223, 252
Byrd, Harry T., 354
Callendar, James Thomas, 290
Campanella, Roy, 265
Camp Lee, 179–85, 192–94, 202–3, 205, 262
Cape Canso, 203–7, 262
capitalism, 8, 16–17, 30, 33, 131
Capital Times, 5, 145, 340, 344–45, 348–50, 351
Cardozo, Benjamin, 24
Carney, William P., 101–2
Carroll, Peter N., 91, 190–91
Cassidy, Fred, 129
Chamberlain, Neville, 141
Chewning, John O., 74
Chicago Sun-Times, 263
China, 37, 225, 229, 253
Chowder and Marching Club, 256, 317
Chulak, Jean Cummins (aunt), 73, 307, 311, 329, 359
Chulak, Joe (uncle), 329
Churchill, Winston, 225
Ciardi, John, 143–44
CIO, 261, 266, 285, 289, 295
Civil Rights Congress, 40, 240, 278, 308, 321
Civil War, 52, 55, 187
Cleveland, Ohio, 311, 351
Cleveland Indians, 313
Cleveland Plain Dealer, 311, 314, 315, 329, 351
Cobb, Lee J., 332–33
Cohen, Danny, 83
Cohen, Robert, 31, 145
Cohn, Roy M., 316, 318, 344
Columbia Pictures, 292
cold war, 16, 36–37, 42, 58, 60, 225, 229, 240
Comet Connection, The (Watt), 191
Comintern, 140
Committee, The (Goodman), 246
communism, Communist Party, 8–9, 13–17, 28, 37, 59, 63–64, 79, 92, 140, 141, 145, 151, 152, 304, 329–30
Aesopian lexicon of, 235–36
anticommunism, see anticommunism and Red Scare
decrease in U.S. members of, 254
Elliott Maraniss’s involvement with, 7–8, 132, 149–50, 154, 163–64, 166–67, 262–63, 294, 304, 315, 329, 339, 345, 350, 352, 359–60
Foley Square trial and, see Foley Square trial
informants and, see informants
Mary Maraniss’s involvement with, 8, 165, 210, 261–62, 304, 313–15, 352, 357–61
racial issues and, 41–42, 59, 228, 243–44, 353
registration requirements and, 13, 151, 277
Smith Act and, 228–29, 277–78, 309, 312–13, 324, 345, 355
map of, 26
Congressional Theatre (Murphy), 299
Conley, Jim, 45–47
Constable, Barnes, 151
Constitution, U.S., 4, 10, 168, 243, 288, 289, 291
see also Bill of Rights
Cook, Parks G., 56
Cota, Norman “Dutch,” 175
Coughlin, Charles E., 117
Cowley, Malcolm, 138, 139
crime, organized, 38
Crisler, Fritz, 124
Crockett, Ethelene, 231, 232, 233, 238
Crockett, George William, Jr., 36, 230–35, 278, 307–9, 330, 353
in Foley Square trial, 10, 36, 62, 152–53, 227–30, 235–45, 271, 307–8, 324, 353
in HUAC hearings, 10, 61–62, 64, 227, 266, 267, 280–84
Medina and, 236–38
Crockett, Minnie Jenkins, 230
Crucible, The (Miller), 297, 300, 310, 332
Cummins, Andrew Adair (A.A.) (grandfather), 72–74, 79, 95, 127, 170, 259, 260, 278, 305, 328, 330, 351, 357, 360
Bob’s Spanish Civil War service and, 106–9, 112, 113
Cummins, Barbara, see Edmonds, Barbara Cummins
Cummins, Grace Dever (grandmother), 73, 74, 127, 193, 259, 278, 305, 328, 330, 351, 360
Bob’s Spanish Civil War service and, 83–84, 95, 101, 106–8, 110, 127
Cummins, Jean (aunt), see Chulak, Jean Cummins
Cummins, Kay (aunt), 329, 341, 344, 358
; Cummins, Phillip (uncle), 73, 74, 82, 83, 103, 106, 112, 125, 134, 192, 231, 259–61, 329, 360
Bob’s correspondence with, 268–69, 272–74
Mary’s correspondence with, 172, 188–89, 191–92, 261, 268, 270–71, 277, 311, 327, 346
mental illness and hospitalization of, 170, 172, 188–89, 259–60, 268, 305, 356
Cummins, Rachel (cousin), 268, 273, 274, 341, 358
Cummins, Robert “Bob” (uncle), 18, 68–69, 70–85, 104, 124, 169, 231, 260, 262, 268–69, 272–75, 277, 305, 329, 341, 344, 358–61
at Ann Arbor News, 358
baseball and, 74–75, 274, 275, 358
death of, 360
at DeSoto plant, 268, 272–73
HUAC testimony of, 9, 68–69, 86–89, 305, 361
Jim’s letter to, 360–61
at Labor’s Daily, 341–43
at Michigan Daily, 75, 77, 79, 82–84, 124, 231, 358
Phil’s correspondence with, 268–69, 272–74
in Spanish Civil War, 9, 69, 71–72, 83–85, 87–89, 90–102, 104, 106–10, 112–17, 124, 125, 127, 133, 161, 170, 190, 191, 249, 260, 327, 358, 360, 361
Cummins, Robert “Bob” (uncle) (Continued)
subpoenaed by HUAC, 278
at University of Michigan, 9, 71, 74, 75, 79–80, 83, 87, 89, 125
World War II service of, 169, 170, 190
Cummins, Sarah (Sally) (cousin), 260, 268, 273, 341, 358
Cummins, Susan Goodman (aunt), 169, 170, 189, 190, 260, 268, 273, 342, 356, 358
Cummins family, 72–74, 231, 305
photograph of, 258, 259–60, 271, 305
reunions of, 358–59
Cuomo, Anthony, 161–62
Czechoslovakia, 126, 141
Daily Compass, 303, 305–7, 351
Daily Mail, 107
Daily Worker, 16, 91, 119, 150, 234, 262, 266, 283, 329
Dallet, Joe, 93–94, 96
Dallet, Kitty, 94
Dark Is the Night, 261
Davis, Benjamin J., Jr., 235, 240, 244
Davis, Clyde, 163
Davis, Jefferson, 45
Days of Shame (Potter), 9, 318–19, 354
Dead Reckoning (Fearing), 142
Death of a Salesman (Miller), 30, 292, 293, 330, 332–33
Declaration of Independence, 3, 8, 198, 348
Delmer, Sefton, 107
democracy, 6, 32, 34, 59, 63, 83, 103, 104, 128, 138, 139, 172
Democratic Party, 18, 37–39, 43–44, 151–52, 206, 223, 229, 252, 317, 321