“We have been bastard children”: Ibid., p. 210.
Few people have suffered so terrible”: Heinl, Robert, Victory at High Tide, p. 242.
“a callous indifference to casualties”: Ibid., p. 294.
“The public relations brigade”: Goulden, Joseph, Korea, p. 241.
“invite you to all our landings”: Weintraub, Sidney, MacArthur’s War, p. 204.
“the greatest conflict of interest”: author interview with Jack Murphy.
was scarier still: author interview with Jack Murphy.
its full implications much too late: author interview with Matthew B. Ridgway; Ridgway, Matthew B., The Korean War, pp. 46–62.
CHAPTER 21
senior Chinese Nationalist officials had very good intelligence: author interview with Robert Myers.
consequences of such an encounter: Koen, Ross Y., The China Lobby in American Politics, p. 83.
“is here in Washington where its lobbyists”: Zi Zhongyun, No Exit?, pp. 243–244.
“a little more friendly to us”: Ibid., pp. 278–279.
CHAPTER 22
“probably more bloodied”: Foot, Rosemary, The Wrong War, p. 103.
“and the Congressional Medal of Honor”: Halberstam, David, The Best and the Brightest, p. 324.
“a shift in the balance of power”: Foot, Rosemary, The Wrong War, p. 52.
“some early affirmative action”: Ibid., p. 43.
“bigoted influence of the China Lobby,” Kennan, George F., Memoirs 1925–1950, pp. 490–493.
“in a time of despair”: Ibid., pp. 102–103.
“the more unsound it would become”: Ibid., p. 488.
“why should we hesitate?”: Ibid., p. 73.
“up to a surveyor’s line and stop”: Acheson, Dean, Present at the Creation, p. 445.
“The Hiss Survivors association”: Foot, Rosemary, The Wrong War, pp. 69–70.
“had adopted a hawkish stance”: Bradley, Omar, with Blair, Clay, A General’s Life, p. 558.
“a ratification of actions”: papers of James Webb, Harry S. Truman Library.
“the neatness of the phrasing”: Isaacson, Walter, and Thomas, Evan, The Wise Men, p. 532.
“to take on the entire Joint Chiefs”: author interview with Lucius Battle.
“a superhuman effort”: Isaacson, Walter, and Thomas, Evan, The Wise Men, p. 540.
“There is no stopping MacArthur”: Weintraub, Stanley, MacArthur’s War, p. 163.
“terrible, terrible defeats”: author interview with Frank Gibney.
“We love you as the savior of our race”: Spurr, Russell, Enter the Dragon, p. 428.
“wasting your valuable time”: Weintraub, Stanley, MacArthur’s War, p. 162.
“without regard to dark hints of possible disaster”: Ridgway, Matthew B., The Korean War, p. 45.
“someone ready to give it a try”: Ibid., p. 44.
“old and even pitiable without his hat”: Thompson, Reginald, Cry Korea, p. 87.
CHAPTER 23
just to do ordinary shopping: Panikkar, K. M., In Two Chinas, p. 23.
“deportment of a queen”: Ibid., p. 25.
“for whose culture she had no great”: Ibid., p. 27.
“what can atomic bombs do there?”: Ibid., p. 108.
“MacArthur’s dream has come true”: Ibid., pp. 109–112.
“mere vaporings of a panicky Panikkar”: Isaacson, Walter, and Thomas, Evan, The Wise Men, p. 533.
their real problem was that long border: Foot, Rosemary, The Wrong War, p. 81.
was around 60,000 deaths: Chen Jian, China’s Road to the Korean War, pp. 153–154.
“I will respond with my hand grenade”: Chen Jian, China’s Road to the Korean War, pp. 153–154.
he knew the population better: author interview with Chen Jian.
the half person, he said condescendingly: Ibid.
“a 1,054 page whitewash”: Foot, Rosemary, The Wrong War, p. 44.
and asked for Chinese: Shen Zhihua, Cold War International History Project, Winter 2003, Spring 2004.
apparently agreed to: Chen Jian, China’s Road to the Korean War, p. 161.
CHAPTER 24
136 of 199 division commanders: Laquer, Walter, Stalin: The Glasnost Revelations, p. 91.
“Every crime was possible”: Djilas, Milovan, Conversations with Stalin, p. 190.
“Revolution is not a dinner party”: Bloodworth, Dellis, The Messiah and the Mandarins, p. 62.
“not even a fart”: Li Zhisui, Dr., The Private Life of Chairman Mao, p. 117.
unlikely to invest their military: Djilas, Milovan, Conversations with Stalin, p. 182.
“Chairman Mao will reconsider”: Goncharov, Sergei, et al., Uncertain Partners, p. 29.
“he needed no instructions”: Ibid., pp. 29–30.
“Long live Comrade Stalin!”: Ibid., p. 62.
“had never read Das Kapital ”: Ibid., p. 88.
“This is feudalism”: Ibid., p. 105.
Stalin’s fiftieth birthday: Laquer, Walter, Stalin: The Glasnost Revelations, p. 179.
“as the starting point of time”: Ibid., p. 183.
the bodies of potential rivals: Li Zhisui, Dr., The Private Life of Chairman Mao, p. 122.
“to its original greatness”: Ibid., p. 124.
“served to order, like food”: Ibid., p. ix.
“neither is as close as Chairman Mao”: Laquer, Walter, Stalin: The Glasnost Revelations, p. 189.
“a needle up his ass”: Li Zhisui, Dr., The Private Life of Chairman Mao, p. 261.
“the head of the Bulgarian party”: Ulam, Adam B., Stalin: The Man and His Era, p. 695.
Again they refused: Goncharov, Sergei, et al., Uncertain Partners, p. 85.
“You know that Chinaman”: Talbott, Strobe (editor), Khrushchev Remembers, pp. 239–240.
“I am here to do more than eat and shit”: author interview with Chen Jian.
mutual instinct for misunderstanding: Talbott, Strobe (editor), Khrushchev Remembers, p. 239.
“meat from the mouth of a tiger”: Bloodworth, Dennis, The Messiah and the Mandarins, p. 101.
“an abiding hatred of the Soviet”: Ulam, Adam B., Stalin: The Man and His Era, p. 695.
with an urgent request for Chinese troops: Chen Jian, China’s Road to the Korean War, p. 172.
the terrible dangers in store: Ibid., pp. 173–175.
“is nothing to be afraid of”: Li Zhisui, Dr., The Private Life of Chairman Mao, p. 125.
“how can we stand aside”: Chen Jian, China’s Road to the Korean War, p. 182.
“and last, as a leader”: Peng, Dehuai, Memoirs of a Chinese Marshal, p. 7.
giving his teeth a greenish pallor: Li Zhisui, Dr., The Private Life of Chairman Mao, p. 99.
“Only our general”: Ibid., p. 383.
“let alone provide for our parents”: Peng, Dehuai, Memoirs of a Chinese Marshal, p. 161.
or roughly 130,000 men: Chen Jian, China’s Road to the Korean War, pp. 195–196.
“How many bombers”: Ibid., p. 201.
“may cause great harm”: Ibid., p. 202.
for the majority of battle commanders: Ibid., p. 207.
CHAPTER 25
“God’s right hand man”: Nellie Noland interview, Harry S. Truman Library.
his staff pressured him to go: Charles Murphy interview, Harry S. Truman Library.
“king go to the prince”: Matt Connelly interview, Harry S. Truman Library.
“the attributes of a foreign sovereign”: Acheson, Dean, Present at the Creation, p. 456.
“he was still fighting”: John Muccio interview, Harry S. Truman Library.
“all American soldiers regardless”: Walters, Vernon A., Silent Missions, p. 204.
“the Chinese are about to intervene”: interview with Vernon A. Walters, American Masters, WGBH Television.
“the Palace Guard”: author interview with Frank Gibney.
more smoke blown in his face: Toland, John, In Mortal Combat, p. 2
41.
no commander in history: Ibid., pp. 241–242; Blair, Clay, The Forgotten War, pp. 346–349; Spurr, Russell, Enter the Dragon, p. 159.
“before we get in trouble”: Dean Rusk interview, Harry S. Truman Library.
“as if they were the heads of different”: Gunther, John, The Riddle of MacArthur, p. 200.
“a different idea of what it was”: Acheson, Dean, Present at the Creation, p. 455.
“luster to his dream of victory”: Ridgway, Matthew B., The Korean War, pp. 37–38; Spurr, Russell, Enter the Dragon, p. 158; Blair, Clay, The Forgotten War, p. 188.
“honestly believes he’s a patriot”: New York World-Telegram, April 8, 1964.
“how completely oblivious”: author interview with Matthew B. Ridgway.
“obedient, dutiful, childlike, and quick”: Cumings, Bruce, The Origins of the Korean War, Vol. II, p. 97.
was the Chinese commander: Weintraub, Stanley, MacArthur’s War, p. 291.
“some old war horse similar to”: Cumings, Bruce, The Origins of the Korean War, Vol. II, p. 103.
fixed, immobile Japanese: Collins, J. Lawton, War in Peacetime, p. 215.
“know your enemy”: Mike Lynch interview, Toland papers, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library.
for his official file explaining: Morris, Carol Petillo, Douglas MacArthur: The Philippine Years, pp. 204–213.
“An arrogant enemy,” he added: Chen Jian, China’s Road to the Korean War, p. 148.
“nothing again should ever hurt him”: Lee, Clark, and Henschel, Richard, Douglas MacArthur, p. 166.
“You have a court”: Acheson, Dean, Present at the Creation, p. 424.
“sycophancy was what tripped him up”: Weintraub, Stanley, MacArthur’s War, p. 161.
“the dreamworld of self worship”: Stueck, William, Rethinking the Korean War, p. 113.
and arrogant was he: author interview with Carleton West.
“too much of a Prussian accent?”: D. Clayton James interview with Roger Egeberg, MacArthur Memorial Library.
“all ideology”: author interview with Frank Wisner, Jr.
“give England to the Germans”: Naval Historical Center Colloquium on Contemporary History, June 20, 1990.
“a friend of the United States”: Kluckhohn, Frank, the Reporter, August 19, 1952.
“than the people at the Dai Ichi”: author interview with Frank Gibney.
“and headed towards Washington”: Ibid.
“the faceless mob driven by”: Cumings, Bruce, The Origins of the Korean War, Vol. II, p. 106.
“of Communism would trump mine”: author interview with Joseph Fromm.
“that headquarters to deal with reality”: Ibid.
“subjugation of the Western world”: Cumings, Bruce, The Origins of the Korean War, Vol. II, p. 112.
eventually passed on to McCarthy: Ibid.
“had been so outspoken about him”: author interview with Bill McCaffrey.
“Willoughby falsified the intelligence”: Blair, Clay, The Forgotten War, p. 377.
“where it would have to be acted on”: author interview with Bill Train.
had not been so deadly serious: author interview with Carleton Swift.
“that he had made up his mind on”: Ibid.
anyone higher up about the intelligence: author interview with Robert Myers.
“the enormous power that Willoughby had”: author interview with Bill Train.
“to a low point of effectiveness”: Heefner, Wilson, Patton’s Bulldog, p. 264.
indicate a serious Chinese presence: Ibid., p. 272.
“was very much under his shadow”: author interview with Bill Train.
“was unduly influenced by Willoughby”: Blair, Clay, The Forgotten War, p. 379.
“but not the full armies themselves”: Heefner, Wilson, Patton’s Bulldog, p. 272.
“moving into that awful goddamn trap”: author interview with Bill Train.
“a lot of Mexicans in Los Angeles”: Tom Lambert interview, Toland papers, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library.
CHAPTER 26
“know Karl Marx from Groucho Marx”: Bayley, Edwin, Joe McCarthy and the Press, p. 68.
“you’ve got to be a Communist”: Ibid., p. 73.
“pig in a minefield”: author interview with Murray Kempton for The Fifties.
“only a mucker can muck”: Oshinsky, David, A Conspiracy So Immense, p. 174.
“should proceed with another”: Patterson, James, Mr. Republican, p. 455.
“the most nefarious campaign”: Oshinsky, David, A Conspiracy So Immense, pp. 168–169.
“how things had changed”: Ibid., p. 178.
“without gaining that of the Chinese”: Blair, Clay, The Forgotten War, p. 400.
his virtual disobedience: Ridgway, Matthew B., The Korean War, p. 65.
“they will get Christmas dinner at home”: Toland, John, In Mortal Combat, p. 281.
he simply said, “Bullshit”: Ibid., p. 282.
“the first time he smells Chinese chow”: Ibid., Heefner, Wilson, Patton’s Bulldog, pp. 281–282; author interview with Layton Tyner; Tyner interviews with Toland, Toland papers, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library.
“hit the jackpot”: Weintraub, Stanley, MacArthur’s War, p. 221.
“like Custer at the Little Big Horn”: Ridgway, Matthew B., The Korean War, p. 63.
“the most fitting conclusion”: Perret, Geoffrey, Old Soldiers Never Die, p. 548.
CHAPTER 27
a friendly little tank-shove: author interview with Jim Hinton.
“to be disappearing into the vast”: Ibid.
from the very face of the earth: author interview with Paul O’Dowd.
“less able to support us each day”: author interview with John Carley.
“couldn’t get anyone to act on it”: author interview with Malcolm MacDonald.
no one seemed very interested: author interviews with John Eisenhower and Dick Gruenther.
“a phantom which cast no shadow”: Marshall, S. L. A., The River and the Gauntlet, p. 1.
The next day the Chinese hit: author interview with John Eisenhower.
CHAPTER 28
bandaged up and wrapped in blankets: author interview with Sherman Pratt; Pratt, Sherman, Decisive Battles of the Korean War, pp. 15–20.
“From here I just don’t see a solution”: letters of Paul Freeman courtesy of Anne Sewell Freeman McLeod and Roy McLeod.
CHAPTER 29
beyond their comprehension: author interview with Alan Jones.
disgrace the Takahashi name: author interview with Gene Takahashi.
could dry their clothes: Ibid.
retreating to a higher point on the mountain: author interview with Dick Raybould.
in a moment of total cowardice: author interview with Bruce Ritter.
and got both Smith and White out: author interviews with John Ritter, Billie Tinkle, and John Yates.
a huge pile of enemy bodies: author interview with Sam Mace.
“knowing a Chinaman when I see one”: author interview with Charley Heath.
the fear in the air: author interview with Sam Mace.
in conversation, the Big Ego: Ibid.; Spurr, Russell, Enter the Dragon, p. 193.
CHAPTER 30
just as endangered: Paul Freeman oral history, U.S. Army War College Library.
“because we were set up to fail”: author interview with Dick Raybould.
“MacArthur could do no wrong”: Appleman, Roy, Escaping the Trap, p. 47.
“Ned was aggressive”: Blair, Clay, The Forgotten War, p. 32.
“can those things float?”: Victor Krulak oral history, U.S. Marine Corps History Division.
“always lengthy shitlist”: Russ, Martin, Breakout, p. 17.
“enough to form an additional regiment”: Hoffman, Jon T., Chest
y, pp. 370–371.
the Congressional Medal of Honor: author interview with James Lawrence.
“if only he would put on a little weight”: Russ, Martin, Breakout, p. 186.
“It might take only two”: Sloan, Bill, Brotherhood of Heroes, p. 58.
the ten thousand Japanese soldiers: Ibid., p. 310.
“may have saved the Marine Division”: Alpha Bowser oral history, U.S. Marine Corps History Division.
had mounted in Europe: Ibid.
“Even Genghis Khan wouldn’t”: Russ, Martin, Breakout, p. 64.
“he got away with it at Inchon”: D. Clayton James interview with Oliver P. Smith, MacArthur Memorial Library.
or the last time he would use it: Hoffman, Jon T., Chesty, p. 378.
not part of any massive Chinese: author interview with Bill McCaffrey.
and received the Navy Cross: author interview with James Lawrence.
“selected dumps along the way”: Russ, Martin, Breakout, p. 52.
Chinese forces on the eastern front: Lawrence, James, paper on the Chosin fighting he prepared for U.S. Marine Corps Symposium; author interview with James Lawrence.
“still far from our preselected killing zones”: Simmons, Edwin, Frozen Chosin, U.S. Marine Corps Korean War Commemorative Series, 2002, p. 34.
in case the Chinese struck: Russ, Martin, Breakout, p. 71.
“of sick and wounded” Ibid., p. 72.
“we took 4500 casualties out”: Frank, Benis, The Epic of Chosin, U.S. Marine Corps History Division.
“and a chasm on the other”: Ridgway, Matthew B., The Korean War, p. 65.
“with much the same scenario”: author interview with James Lawrence. Russ, Martin, Breakout, p. 82.
“on where you wanted to measure”: Russ, Martin, Breakout, p. 82.
“and that’s what we started to do”: Simmons, Edwin, Frozen Chosin, p. 49.
“an insane plan”: Blair, Clay, The Forgotten War, p. 456.
“the most ill-advised and unfortunate”: Ibid.
“was the Tenth Corps commander”: author interview with James Lawrence.
would have tragic consequences: Blair, Clay, The Forgotten War, p. 418.
“What did the general say?”: Gugeler, Russell, Combat Operations in Korea, p. 62.