God of the Ring, see Odin
gods 24, 32, 33, 41, 42, 44–5, 46–61, 65, 115, 158, 188–91, 254–7, 259–61, 264, 265
Gollum, see Sméagol–Gollum
Gondolin 154, 155
Gondor 111, 112, 122, 241
Gothland, King of 66, 68
Goths 65, 151, 158
Gram (city) 173–4
Gram (sword) 80–3, 88, 100, 140
Grane 272, 277
Grani 70–1, 80, 82, 84–6
Great Battle 42–4
Great Eagles 193, 194–5
Great Journey 205
Great Spiders 145, 202–3, 204
Greed 54
Greek mythology 10, 186–97, 200, 237, 239
Green-elves 130, 131
Greenpeace 289
The Greenpeace Chronicles (Hunter) 289
Grey Havens 106
Grimhild 84–6, 88
Gudrun, Queen of the Huns 85, 88–9
Guikings 64
Guinevere, Queen 96, 99
Gungnir (spear) 57
Gunnar 64, 84–90
Gunther, King 162, 164–72, 173, 178–9, 183, 184
Gunther, King of the Gibichungs 272–5
Gutrune 272–4, 276
Guttorm 84, 87–8
H
Hades 191
Hagen of Troneck 170, 171–2, 174–5, 178–9, 183, 184–5, 272–7
Half-Elves 96
Hall of Awaiting 57
Hall of Valhalla 42
Halls of Mandos 42
Halls of Odin 54–7
Harad 118–19
Hebrews 204–5
Hegwoad 18
Heimdall, Herald of the Gods 42
Hel, Goddess of the Dead 41
Hel, prison of the dead 59
Henneth Annun 145
Hephaestus the Smith 191, 192
Heracles 193
hermaphrodites 212
Hildebrand 177–8, 179
Hill of the Eye, see Amon Hen
Hindfell 82, 85
Hindu philosophy 237
hippie culture 288
Hitler, Adolf 282, 283, 286
Hjalprek, King 96
Hjordis, Princess 68, 69
Hlidskialf 54
The Hobbit (Tolkien) 10, 36, 106, 139
Hobbiton 111
Hobbits 10–12, 12, 56, 106, 119, 122, 137–9, 144, 145, 158, 282, 288–9, 293–4
Hoenir 71
Hogni 64, 84, 87–90
Holy Ones (Ainur) 200–4, 243
Holy Roman Empire, see Roman Empire
Hound of Hel 60
Hreidmar the Magician 71–2
Hrothgar, King 138
Huang River 231
Hunding 257–62
Huns 65, 85, 88–91, 123, 159, 173–7, 181, 184
Hunter, Robert 289
I
ice faeries 151, 154
Ice Queen 151–4
Icelandic mythology 32, 36, 41, 64, 137, 141, 162, 183
Iliad (Homer) 183
Illuin 200, 201
Ilúvatar, Eru 32, 200–4
Imladris 154
Imperial Jades 231, 232
Indian mythology 232–3, 245
Irish mythology 128, 129, 131–2
Iron Age 25, 26, 286, 292
Iron Crown of Lombardy 154
iron fortress 42
iron-smelting 25–6, 197, 224, 225
Ironfists 249
Isengard 107, 107
Isle of Almarin 200, 201
Israel 204, 213
Istari 52, 101, 241
J
Jair 209, 211
Janibas the Necromancer 151–4, 153
Jehovah 205
Jeraspunt 151, 154
Jerusalem 210, 216
Jewish tradition 205, 209
Jörmungandr 237
Jötunheim 37, 41
Joyeuse (blade) 140
Judeo-Christian tradition 198–217
K
Keepers of Three Elf Rings 27
Khamûl the Black 249
Khazad-dûm 45
Kíli 36
knights 92–107, 156, 184
Kok Chan 225
Kriemhild, Queen 162–4, 167, 169, 171–85
Kunopeigos 212–13
Kurkar, King of Hor 220–2, 220, 224
L
Laiquendi 130, 131
Lamps of Light 200, 201
Lancelot, Sir 99
Lands of the East 110, 111
Langobards 123, 155–7, 158
Last Alliance of Elves and Men 27
Laurin 158
Life (ring) 220
Light-elves 36
Lilith 212
Lindon 27
Lix Terrax the Sandstorm 213
Loge 254–6
Loki 42, 45, 71–5
Longbeards 249
Lord of the Rings, see Odin
The Lord of the Rings (Tolkien) 10–12, 16, 26, 27, 30, 45, 48, 52, 60, 65, 94, 96, 99, 106, 111–12, 115, 119, 122, 128, 147, 151, 154, 156, 158, 162, 183–4, 207, 224, 239, 280, 283–8, 288, 294
Lord of Victories, Wisdom, Poetry, Love and Sorcery, see Odin
Lórien 145
Lothlórien 27, 131, 154, 233
Lugh of the Long Arm 128
Luhtae 230, 231
Luned, Lady of the Fountain 129
Lyonesse, Dame 129
M
The Mabinogion 129
Macbeth 285
Maelgula Mac Dungail, King 31
Magician–King, see Odin
magician-smiths 26, 238, 238
Mahanaxar (Ring of Doom) 33, 34–5
Mahtan 249
Maiar 52, 101
maidens 26
Mandos the Doomsman 57
Mansions of Mandos 57
Manwë, King (Lord of the Winds of Arda) (‘“Blessed One”) 54, 56, 205
Master of the Nine Worlds, see Odin
Mayence Cathedral 116
Mearas 105, 137
Melkor, Lord of Darkness (“the Dark Sorcerer”) 200–4, 202–3, 204, 239, 240, 241–3
Memory 54
Men 36, 105, 106, 132, 137, 190, 191, 241, 249, 282, 293
Menegroth 131
Meriadoc 106
Merlin the Magician 32, 94, 94, 95, 100, 101, 105, 115
Michael, Archangel 210
Middle Ages 139–40, 204, 247
Middle-earth 11, 27, 33, 48, 49, 52, 54, 57, 101, 105–6, 111, 115, 131, 190, 191, 204–5, 239–43, 293
Midgard 36, 37, 48, 52, 72, 101, 142, 144
A Midsummer Night’s Dream 158
Milton, John 204
Mime 254, 255, 264–70, 276
Mimung (Mimming) (sword) 140
Minas Morgul 27
Minas Tirith 111
Mines of Moria 145
Míriel 249
Mirkwood 27, 72, 72, 73, 78, 80
Mirror of Galadriel 22
Misty Mountains 27, 145, 284, 285
Mithrandir, the White Wizard, see Gandalf the White
Mjölnir 31
Mongolia 225
monotheism 200
Mordor 27, 42, 56, 60, 107, 145, 207, 239, 286
Morgan le Fay 124
Morgoth the Vala, the Dark Enemy 42–4, 140, 150, 151, 154, 241
Morgul Pass 145
Morgul Road 145
Moria 45, 105, 145
Morning Star 206, 207, 209
Morris, William 122
Morwen 133
Moses 205, 209, 213–14
Mother Earth 188
Mount Caucasus 193, 196
Mount Doom (Orodruin) 27, 60, 99, 119, 145, 224, 239, 243
Mount Moriah 207, 209, 210, 216
Mountain Kingdom 220, 221
Murry, Margaret 23
Music of the World 200
Muslim tradition 247
Muspelheim 37, 41
N
Naamah 214–16
Naga 237
Nagelring (swo
rd) 158
Nailing (sword) 139
Náin 36
Nargothrond 131
Narya (Red Ring of Fire) 241–3, 242, 244, 245, 249
Nazgûl 112
Nazi Germany 280–5
necromancy 48
Nectanabus 19
Nenya (White Ring of Water) 22, 244, 245, 249
Nerdanel the Wise 249
Netherlands 162–3, 169
Nibelheim 254, 259, 266
Nibelungenlied 64, 65, 84–91, 98, 140, 159, 160–85, 180, 181, 252
Nidavellir 36, 37
Nidud, King of Sweden 142
Niflheim 37, 41
Nine Rings of Men 249
Nine Worlds 32, 36, 42, 42, 49–52, 57–8
Nineveh 164, 168, 170
Nixies 179
Njörthr 32
Noldor 59, 140, 205, 239, 240, 249
Nori 36
Norman Conquest (1066) 137
Norse mythology 17, 23–5, 28–45, 42, 43, 48, 54, 62–91, 105, 121, 157, 158, 184–5, 237, 252
Northmen 137
Notung (sword) 261, 264, 267, 271
Nuclear Age 286–92
Numa Pompilius, King 22
Númenórea 112, 207, 241, 249
o
Oakenshield, Thorin 139
Oath Rings 31–2
Oberon, King of the Faeries 158
Obyzuth 212
Odin, King of the Gods 24, 32–3, 45–61, 49, 50, 51, 65–74, 66, 78, 83–4, 88, 100–1, 105, 112, 115, 140
Ogier the Dane 122–4
Óin 36
Olaf, King 24–5
Old English (language) 137
Olympus 54, 188–93, 204
One Eye 54–6
One Ring 10–12, 12, 13, 27, 49, 60, 96, 99, 106–7, 116, 119, 140, 145, 147, 154, 158, 185, 207, 224–5, 239–43, 242, 243, 246, 249, 286–94
One Thousand and One Nights 232
Onoskelis 212
Ophion 237
Orcs 10, 42, 122, 128, 137, 145, 147, 280, 280, 281, 282
Ori 36
Orkis 151, 154
Ornias 211
Orodruin, see Mount Doom
Oromë the Hunter 105
Ortlieb 175
Ortnit 156, 157, 158
Ortwine 174
Ostin-Edhil 196
Ostrogoths 151
Ótr (Otter) 72, 75
Ouroboros (serpent ring) 236–7, 243, 245
Owain 129
P
paganism 23–5, 94, 115–16, 200
Paradise Lost (Milton) 204
Pellinore, Sir 100
Peredur Long Spear 129
Perrers, Alice 17, 19–20
Peucer, Caspar 22
Phocians 22
pike 75, 76–7
Pistis Sophia 244
Plains of Rohan 104, 105
Pliny the Elder 16
Po 230
poets 48
Poseidon 188
Prometheus 188, 191–7, 243
Promised Land 205
Prose Edda 36, 105
Pterodrakon 212
Pukel Men 137
Pythagoreans 245
Q
Quest of the Ring 60
Quest of the Silmaril 44, 140
R
Rabdos 212
Radagast the Brown 52
Ragnarök 41–5, 57
Rainbow Bridge 33, 45, 105
Rauros Falls 145
Ravener 54
ravens 54
Red Book of Hergest 129
Red Book of Westmarch 129
Red Maw (Carcharoth), see Carcharoth
Red Sea 213, 215
Regin the Smith 69–82 passim
Reric 65
Reunited Kingdom 111
Rhinegold 252–7
Rhinelands 84–5, 90, 160–85, 252
Rhinemaidens 252, 256, 257, 276–7
Riesenheim 266
Ring-bearers 145
Ring Cycle 250–77, 283–5
Ring-Danes 138
ring divination 20, 21–2
ring-givers 30, 59
ring-hoards 30, 31, 57
Ring Lord of the Nine Worlds, see Odin
ring lords 30, 31–2
ring-making, art of 25–6
Ring of Andvari 82, 84, 86, 87, 88, 96
Rings of Doom 31, 33, 34–5, 56
The Ring of Nibelung 250–77, 283–5
Ring of Power 285
Ring of Water 98, 99
“ring quest tales” storytelling 10
ring quests 26, 99–100
Ringbearers 106, 147
Ringhorn 59
Rings of Power 27, 57, 99, 140, 147, 196, 205–6, 239, 240, 243, 249
Ringwraiths 27, 147
Rivendell 27, 111, 124, 125, 131, 183
River-folk 145
rock giants 41
Rohan 104, 105
Rohirrim 137, 155–6
Roland 120, 121, 122–4
Roman Empire 10, 20–1, 24, 111–25, 137, 151, 155, 157, 179
Roman mythology 186–97
Roman Republic 16
Roncevaux Pass 122
Rosen (sword) 156, 157
Round Table 94, 99, 122
S
St John 244
St Paul 244
Samwise 107, 145
Sandhurst Royal Military Academy 282
Saracens 119, 122, 123
Saruman of Many Colours 49, 52, 107
Satan 204
satyrs 188
Sauron (“the Necromancer”), Dark Lord of the Rings 24, 27, 42, 48–60 passim, 99, 107, 121, 128, 140, 145, 154, 196, 204, 207, 224–43, 243, 249, 282, 286, 289, 294
Saxon mythology 126–47
Scandinavian folklore 41, 179, 283
Schamir (jewel) 209, 213–14
scrying bowls 17
Scythia 192
Sea Danes 69–71
Sea Eagle 214
Seat of Seeing 56, 60, 61
serpents 31
Serpent’s Ring 114, 115–17, 115, 116, 119
Seven Fathers of the Dwarves 40, 41
Seven Rings of Dwarves 27, 249
Shadowfax 104, 105, 105
Shakespeare, William 137, 158, 285
shamanism 48, 52, 237–9, 238
Shang Empire 225, 226–7, 228–31
Shelob the Great Spider 107, 145
Sheshna 237
Sídhe 131–2
Siegfried, King (Siegfried the Dragonslayer) 140, 163–73, 178, 183, 184–5, 264–76
Sieglinde, Queen 163, 257, 258, 261–2
Siegmund the Walsung 138–9, 163, 257–62
Sigebert, King 182
Sigi, King of the Huns 65, 68
Sigmund, King 65, 66–9, 66, 67, 100
Signy 65, 66–9
Sigurd the Dragonslayer (Sigurd the Völsung) 64, 69–71, 78–90, 78, 79, 94, 96–101, 96, 97, 112, 138, 179, 182, 183, 233
The Silmarillion (Tolkien) 42, 65, 151, 154, 200, 205, 240
Silmarils 44, 140, 154, 207, 209, 240, 241
Sindarin (language) 132–3, 134–5, 136, 137
Sindri 57
Sinfjötli 68
Sky Ring of Shang 228, 229, 229, 230, 232
Sleipnir 60, 105
Smaug the Golden Dragon 106, 139
Sméagol–Gollum 12, 13, 121, 145, 146, 147, 147, 158, 185, 246, 290–1, 292, 293–4
Snow Trolls 41
Social War (91 BCE–88 BCE) 16
Solomon, King 207–10, 208, 209, 211, 213–17
Solomon’s Ring 207–10
Song of Roland 122
songs of heroic deeds 111, 122
Sorceror of Courtray 17, 18
Sote the Outlaw 144–7
Southrons 118–19, 239, 249
Speaker of Doom, see Mandos the Doomsman
spirits 31, 200–4
Stiffbeards 249
Stone Trolls 41
Stonefoots 249
Stoor Hobbits 145
Straight Road 33, 36
Sturluson, Snorri 64
Surt 45
Svartalfheim 37
Svíagríss 30
swan ships 36, 38–9
Swartalfheim 36
sylphs 188
T
Talisman 220–2, 222–3
Taniquetil 54, 55
Tarnhelm (helmet) 254, 256, 270, 273–4
Tarnkappe, the Cloak of Invisibility 163, 165, 168, 185
Tartars 225
Telchar the Smith 112, 140, 240–1
Temple of Thor 31
Temple of Yahweh 209, 211–12, 213, 215–17
Teutonic mythology 65, 94, 106, 138, 140, 148–85, 200, 250–77
Théoden 137
Theodoric the Great (Theodoric the Goth) 151
Theodorus 20
Theodosius the Great 21
Thingol, King 209
Third Reich 283
Thor the Almighty 31, 32
Thorin 36
Thorstein 31
Thorsten 144
Thought 54
Thráin 36
Three Rings of Elves 249
Thror 36
Timeless Halls 200
Titans 188–91, 196
Titus 217
Tol Eressëa 131
Tolkien, Christopher (son) 282, 287
Tolkien, J.R.R.: in 20th century 278–95
on atomic power 286–7
as counter-cultural hero 288–9
at Oxford 11, 111, 128, 133–7, 139, 288
Tolkien, Michael (son) 282
Took, Peregrin (“Pippin”) 107
Tower of Cirith Ungol 145
trickster folklore 48
Trolls 128
Tuatha Dé Danann 128, 131–2
Turpin, Bishop 115, 117–19, 121
Twilight of the Gods 272–7
Tyr 44–5
Tyrolean Mountains 158
U
Undying Lands 27, 56, 57, 205
Ungoliant the Great Spider 202–3, 204
Urukhai 282
V
Valar 31, 33, 33, 41, 42, 52, 54, 56, 105, 196, 200–4, 200, 239, 241
Valaskiaff 54
Valens, Emperor 20, 21
Valhalla 42, 56, 56, 83, 257, 259, 261, 262, 266, 273, 294, 295–6
Valinor 202–3, 204
Valkyrie 33, 56, 83, 88, 96, 101, 141, 142, 233, 257–63, 273–4
Valkyrie Rock 262, 267, 268–9, 271, 272, 273
Valmar 31, 33, 56
vampires 211
Vanaheim 37
Vanir 33
Vaughan, Henry 237
Vedic tradition 233
Venice, Gold Wedding Ring of 17
Venice, Republic of 16–18
Vikings 17, 23–5, 30–45, 48, 57, 62–91
Vilya (Blue Ring of Air), 98, 99, 244, 245, 249