“I know there are many people”: Fairchild, David. Garden Islands of the Great East: Collecting Seeds from the Philippines and Netherlands India in the Junk “Chêng Ho.” New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1943, p. 99.
they began rounding up any Germans: Jacobsen, Hans-Adolf, and Arthur L. Smith Jr. The Nazi Party and the German Foreign Office. New York: Routledge, 2007, p. 143.
The boat stopped at seventeen more islands: Zuckerman, Bert. “The Voyage of the Cheng Ho.” Garden News, 1993, 14–15.
INDEX
The page numbers in this index refer to the printed version of this book. The link provided will take you to the beginning of that print page. You may need to scroll forward from that location to find the corresponding reference on your e-reader.
NOTE: Page references in italics refer to figures and photos.
A
Africa, Fairchild and Lathrop in, 198–201, 200, 249
agricultural practices. See also U.S. Department of Agriculture
early domestication of plants, 24–28
fertilization in China, 150, 151
hybridization, 286
mechanization at turn of twentieth century, 179
Meyer’s research of, 280–282
modern-day practices, 286, 320
Prohibition and, 166–168
quarantine efforts and (See quarantine of plants)
akee, 103
alfalfa, 267, 269
Ali, Muhammad, 135
Alphonso mango, 182–183
American Association of Nurserymen, 263–264
American Home Cook Book, The, 12
Andes, Fairchild and Lathrop in, 111–115
apio, 108
apples, 62
Archbold, Anne, 314
Archbold, John D., 314
Argentina, Fairchild and Lathrop in, 121–123
Arizona
cotton grown in, 138
dates grown in, 267
Australia, Fairchild and Lathrop in, 68–70
avocados
Fairchild’s introduction of, to U.S., 116–121, 120
Popenoe’s interest in, 275, 281, 291
B
Baghdad, Fairchild in, 183–188, 187
Baker, Newton, 299–300
“balanced” nutrition, early theories about, 12–13
Bali (Malay Islands), Fairchild and Lathrop in, 142
bamboo, 51, 116, 193, 223
bananas, introduction to U.S., 13
Bangkok, Fairchild and Lathrop in, 153–154
Barbour, James, 47
Barton, Clara, 210
Beckwith, Ned, 316
beer, 162–168
Bell, Alexander Graham
advent of flight and, 251–255
Beinn Bhreagh (Nova Scotia home), 253, 266, 311, 312
biographical information, 201–202
Fairchild’s early meetings with, 194–196, 201–205, 210–211, 217, 219
Meyer and, 247
as National Geographic Society president, 194–196, 268
photo of, 309
Bell, Alexander Melville (father), 202–203
Bell, Elsie (daughter). See Grosvenor, Elsie (Bell)
Bell, Mabel (wife), 202–203, 210, 285
Bell, Marian (daughter). See Fairchild, Marian Bell
bella sombra evergreen trees, 122
Bennett, Douglas, 182–183
Beveridge, Albert, 147
biotechnology (modern-day), 286
Bismarck, Otto von, 199
Blue Ribbon Pledge (Woman’s Christian Temperance Union), 167–168
Bohemian Club, 48, 54–55, 76, 122, 157, 250
boll weevil, 262
Borglum, Gutzon, 209, 210
Brazil
Fairchild and Lathrop in, 123–124
Popenoe in, 283–285, 284–285, 289–290
Brefeld, Oska, 39
Brigham, William, 74–75
broccoli, 126–127
Bryan, William Jennings, 86, 91–92, 169
Budd, Joseph L., 62
Burbank, Luther, 130–131
Bush, Joseph, 208
C
California
avocados, 116–121, 120
cotton, 138
dates, 188, 189, 267
inspection of plants by, 264
navel oranges, 289
nineteenth-century agriculture in, 61
Quetta nectarines, 185
Sultanina grapes, 132–133
train travel to (1890s), 99–102
cannibalism, 70–72
carabao mango (“champagne mango”), 148
carambola (star fruit), 88, 151
Carnegie, Andrew, 148
cashews, 174–175
cell division (karyokinesis), 32, 34
Ceram Island (Malay Islands), Fairchild and Lathrop in, 143–144
Ceylon (modern-day Sri Lanka), Fairchild and Lathrop in, 154–157, 155
Chandler, A. J., 138
chayote, 104, 319
Chêng Ho (ship), 314–316
cherry trees
Fairchild’s legacy and, 320–322
Fairchild’s search for, 192–193
Fairchilds’ wedding flowers from, 218–219
first shipment to D.C., 224, 229–237
Marlatt’s early legislative efforts and, 262–263
chestnut blight fungus, 262
Chevy Chase (Maryland)
cherry trees in, 225
Fairchilds’ home in (“In the Woods”), 222–223, 226, 251, 299–300
chickpeas, 134–135
Chile, Fairchild and Lathrop in, 115–121
China
“Chinese Wall” proposed by Marlatt, 263 (See also quarantine of plants)
civil war (1914), 294, 300
deforestation in, 256, 259–260
Fairchild and Lathrop in, 150–153, 151
Meyer in, 244, 246, 247–249, 255–259, 256, 265, 274–275, 279, 292–298, 300–305
rebellion (1912), 278
war with Japan (1937), 313
cicadas, 222
citrus
citron, 4–9, 38–39
early crops in Los Angeles area, 179
Ichang lemon, 302
Meyer lemon, 259
navel oranges, 283–285, 289
pomelo, 146–147
seedless lemons, 173–174
Swingle’s interest in, 84
Clark, Edward, 267
Cleveland, Grover, 66
Cobb, Nathan, 69–70
coca, 114–115
Coca-Cola, 115
coffee, 124
Columbian Exchange, 27–28
Committee on Public Information, 298–299
Cook, Orator F., 118, 129
Cooley, Alford, 204
corn
excessive crops of, 107–108
red, 114
Corsica, Fairchild in, 3–9, 6, 38–39
Cosmos Club, 194, 195, 251
cotton
boll weevil and, 262
Egyptian, 135–139
excessive crops of, 107
countries visited for food exploration. See food exploration destinations
Cuba, during Spanish-American War, 85–88, 210
Curtiss, Glenn, 251–255
Czechoslovakia, Fairchild and Lathrop in, 125, 126
D
Damon, Samuel, 75
Darwin, Charles, 15, 173
dates and date industry
dates found in Baghdad, 186, 188
early d
ate palms in California, 189
early growth of U.S. industry, 267
modern-day, 318
Defenseless American (Maxim), 298
deforestation, in China, 256, 259–260
Deglet Noor date, 188, 189
dehydration, of food, 287–288
Deli tobacco, 191–192
Department of Agriculture (Australia), 69
Depew, Chauncey, 168–169
de Vries, Hugo, 244
disease (of humans)
indigestion (dyspepsia) and diet, in nineteenth century, 11
ocean travel and, 153-154, 183–184
travel in India and, 182
typhoid fever, 154–157
yellow fever, 109–110, 125–126
disease (of plants). See plant pathology
Dobo (Malay Islands), Fairchild and Lathrop in, 144
Dole, James, 74
Dole, Sanford, 74
Douglas Bennett Alphonso mango, 182–183
Drummond (Lathrop’s traveling companion), 250
durian fruit, 43
Dynaspiridiotus meyeri, 261
E
edible jute, 137
Edison, Thomas, 65, 168, 310
Egypt, Fairchild and Lathrop in, 133–139
entomology and entomologists. See insects; inspection of plants; Marlatt, Charles; quarantine of plants
eucalyptus trees, 69
Europe, Meyer in, 278–280
evergreen trees, 122
exploration, for food. See food exploration destinations; plant introduction
F
Fairchild, Alexander Graham Bell (son), 241
Fairchild, Barbara Lathrop (daughter), 266
Fairchild, David. See also cherry trees; food exploration destinations; Office of Seed and Plant Introduction (USDA); plant introduction
advent of flight and, 251–255
biographical information, 12–16, 169–170
characterization of, 51–55, 198, 205
children of, 241, 266, 285, 307
courtship and wedding of, 206–220 (See also Fairchild, Marian Bell)
death of, 317
early meetings with Alexander Graham Bell, 194–196, 201–205, 210–211, 217, 219
friendship with Lathrop, 156, 178, 214–215, 241–243, 310 (See also Lathrop, Barbour)
“In the Woods” (Maryland home), 222–223, 226, 251, 299–300
“Kampong” (Florida home), 308–310, 317–318
Lathrop’s first meeting with, 20–23
legacy of, 317–322
Marlatt’s criticism of work by, 261–262, 265, 268–270 (See also quarantine of plants)
Meyer’s despondency and death, 291–298, 300–305 (See also Meyer, Frank)
National Geographic Society and National Geographic (magazine) involvement, 194–196, 268, 270
Nova Scotia home of, 310–311, 312
photos of, 44, 323
plant espionage and, 3–9, 6, 38–39, 164–167, 175
Popenoe as protégé of, 275–276, 282–283 (See also Popenoe, Wilson)
as Smithsonian employee, 20, 30–33
Spanish-American War work of, 87
Swingle and, 82–85 (See also Swingle, Walter)
travel abroad with family, 265–267, 306, 311–316
typhoid fever of, 154–157, 155
USDA, early positions and resignations, 16–20, 18, 76–78, 81–82, 88–98, 99–102, 128–130, 161–162, 197–198
USDA, final resignation, 306–308
Fairchild, Charlotte Pearl Halsted (mother), 12, 50, 77–78
Fairchild, George (father), 12, 77–78, 169–170
Fairchild, Graham (son), 307
Fairchild, Marian Bell (wife)
biographical information, 209–210
children of, 241, 266, 285, 307
courtship and wedding of, 206–220
Fairchild’s first meeting with, 204–205
first meeting with Lathrop, 214–215
as first woman with driver’s license in D.C., 223
husband’s letter writing by, 251
“In the Woods” (Maryland home), 222–223, 226, 251, 299–300
“Kampong” (Florida home), 308–310, 317–318
Nova Scotia home of, 310–311, 312
photo of, 312
on plant exploration issues, 271, 287–288
travel abroad by, 266–267, 306, 311–316
World War I work of, 299
Fairchild, Nancy Bell (daughter), 285
Fairchild Tropical Garden, 311
Farmers’ Alliance (Populist Party), 91–92
farming. See agricultural practices
Farnham, Mr. and Mrs. (ship passengers), 153–154
fava beans, 125–126
Federal Horticultural Board, 273
SS Feng Yang Maru, 303
Ferris, George Washington Gale, 19
Fertile Crescent, 27–28
fertilization, in China, 150, 151
Fiji, Fairchild and Lathrop in, 70–73
Firestone, Harvey, 310
Flagler, Henry, 94, 308
flax, 137
flight
advent of, 251–255
early passenger and cargo travel, 313–314
Florida
development of, 94, 308
early agriculture in, 93–95
Fairchild’s plans for experiment garden in, 95
Fairchild Tropical Garden, 311
“Kampong” (Fairchilds’ home), 308–310, 317–318
mangoes grown in, 183, 267–268
food exploration destinations. See also ocean travel
Africa, 198–201, 200, 249
Andes Mountains, 111–115
Argentina, 121–123
Australia, 68–70
Baghdad, 183–188, 187
Bangkok, Siam (modern-day Thailand), 65–68, 153–154
Brazil, 123–124, 283–285, 284–285, 289–290
Ceylon (modern-day Sri Lanka), 154–157, 155
Chile, 115–121
China, 150–153, 151, 244, 246, 247–249, 255–259, 256, 265, 274–280, 279, 292–298, 300–305
Corsica, 3–9, 6, 38–39
Czechoslovakia, 125, 126
Egypt, 133–139
Fiji, 70–73
Germany, 162–168, 165
Great Britain, 125–126
Greece, 172–174
Guatemala, 281, 291
Hawaii, 65–66, 73–76, 180–181
Hong Kong, 181
India, 181–183
Italy, 20–23, 130–133, 170–172
Jamaica, 102–104
Japan, 190–193
Malay Islands, 142–147, 311–316
Philippines, 147–149
Quetta (modern-day Pakistan), 185
Saigon (modern-day Vietnam), 190
Sumatra, 51–60, 53, 58, 62–64
train travel and, 99–102
Trinidad, 105
Venezuela, 108–110
Venice, 126–131, 127
Fort de Kock, Fairchild and Lathrop in, 57–60
Francatelli, Charles Elmé, 10
Franceschi, Francesco, 101
Franz Ferdinand, Archduke, 290
Freer, Charles Lang, 212
fruits, defined, 25–26
SS Fulda, 21–23, 30–31
G
Galloway, Beverly, 19
garbanzos (chickpeas), 134–135
gay lifestyle, of late nineteenth century, 54–55
Germany, Fairchild in, 162–168, 165
gingko biloba, 302
globalization
Fairchild on benefits of, 269–270
international views of U.S. travelers (early twentieth century), 186–188
World War I and, 290
Good Cooking (Rorer), 11
Grace (secretary), 95
Graham, Sylvester, 10
grapes, seedless, 130–133
Great Britain, Fairchild and Lathrop in, 125–126
Greece, Fairchild in, 172–174
grindstone persimmon, 248
Grogan, Ewart, 199
Grosvenor, Elsie (Bell), 194, 204–205, 212
Grosvenor, Gilbert, 194, 196, 204–205, 212, 259, 268–270
Guatemala, Popenoe in, 281, 291
H
Halsted, Byron, 16
Halsted, Sue, 14, 16
Hartt, Mary Bronson, 176
Harvey, Fred, 101
Harvey House, 101
Harvey’s Ladies and Gentlemen’s Oyster Saloon, 81–82
Hass, Rudolph, 119–121
Hawaii
Fairchild and Lathrop in, 65–66, 73–76
Fairchild in (1902), 180–181
political issues affecting, 73–74, 180–181, 264
Hayes, Rutherford B., 30
Hearst, William Randolph, 86–88
Heldreich, Theodor von, 172–173
Hitchcock, Frank, 87
Holland, Fairchild’s 1940 expedition and, 313, 316
Homestead Acts, 61
Hong Kong, Fairchild and Lathrop in, 153, 181
Hoover, Herbert, 288
hops, 162–168
horseradish (wasabi), 193
Horst, Emil Clemens, 288
Houston, David, 274–275, 306
Hubbard, Gardiner, 203, 219
Hubbard, Gertrude Mercer, 208, 219, 266
hybridization, 286
I
Ichang lemon, 302
India, Fairchild’s plans and travels, 181–183. 140–141
indigestion (dyspepsia), in nineteenth century, 11
insects. See also quarantine of plants
boll weevil, 262
Dynaspiridiotus meyeri name, 261
Fairchild’s study of termites, 45–50, 57
infestation of cherry trees, 231–237
Marlatt’s work as entomologist, 220–222
Mediterranean fruit fly, 264
USDA Division of Entomology, 221, 248
inspection of plants. See also quarantine of plants
of cherry trees, 230–232, 263–264
at seaports and airports, 314
states’ responsibility for, 222, 264
“In the Woods” (Fairchilds’ home), 222–223, 226, 251, 299–300
irrigation, in Egypt, 134