Kimberley, Margaret, 136, 212n50
King, Barbara, 81, 191n37
King, Bernice, 69
King, Coretta Scott, 68, 69, 71, 185n11
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 2, 13, 38, 34, 65–87; and Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity, 73, 188n23; and American exceptionalism, 71–72, 73; assassination of, as end of era of Black prophetic fire, 1, 74; as bourgeois, 71, 73; charismatic-leadership model of, 93, 104–6; charismatic personality of, 107; connecting religious faith to social change, 73–74; critique of capitalism, 185n11; and critique of idolatry, 126; curbing language of radicalism, 69; and “democratic time” vs. “market time,” 100, 102; despair of, 70–71; on Du Bois, 62–63, 183n42; and FBI view of, 205n28; and fight against poverty, 66, 70, 83, 86; influenced by Gandhi, 72; and grassroots organizing, 91; as intellectual, 66, 73, 157; as internationalist, 72; and Jim Crow in the North vs. the South, 69–70; leadership of, 95; legacy of, 67, 76, 78, 105, 106, 197n23; and love-ethic, 107; as martyr, 104; on Marxism, 185n11; as narcissist, 96; on need for revolution in US, 68, 84, 85–86; and 1960s youth culture, 77, 78; on nonviolence, 127; as “organic intellectual,” 66; patriotism of, 71, 73; peak as freedom fighter, 13; political transformation of, 132; preaching style of, 77–78; public opinion of, 70, 75, 188n20; radicalism of, 75–77, 86–87, 120; as sanitized national icon, 65, 75–76; self-confidence of, 96; as Socialist, 68–69; on social transformation, 85–86; support of Lyndon Johnson, 75; as target of nation-state, 157; on Norman Thomas, 68, 69, 186n12; on US as “sick country,” 67–68; Vietnam War opposition of, 70, 75, 86; vs. Malcolm X, 111–12, 120, 127–30. See also individual works
King, Martin Luther, III, 69
Kiriakou, John, 4
Knight, Carolyn Ann, 81, 191n37
“Krigwa” (Du Bois), 180n23
KRS-One, 136
Ku Klux Klan, 143
Lakeside, 78
Larkin, Jim, 76, 189n28
Last Poets, 136
League of Revolutionary Black Workers (LRBW), 122, 203–4n25
Lebrón, Lolita, 108, 197–98n27
Lee, Robert E., 143–44
Lee, Spike, 134, 135, 211n46
Lenin, Vladimir, 56, 60, 124, 183n41, 185n11, 194n8
Leopardi, Giacomo, vii
Leskov, Nicolai, 56
Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim, 24, 171n25
Levine, Robert, 29–30
Levison, Stanley, 69, 187n15
Lewes, George Henry, 21
Lewis, Claude, 200n10
Lewis, David Levering, 179–80n21
Life and Times (Douglass), 20, 168n5, 169–70n17
Lincoln, Abraham, 11, 14, 18, 31–33, 174n43
Lind, Michael, 15, 16
Little, Earl, 198n4
Little, Malcolm. See X, Malcolm
Little-Collins, Ella, 158n5
Litwack, Leon, 36
Lloyd, Daniel, 19, 20
London, Jack, 148, 215n17
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 25
Long Memory (Berry and Blassingame), 100
The Long Revolution (Williams), 85
Lukács, Georg, 196n19
Lumumba, Patrice, 114, 199n7
Luther, Martin, 25
Luxemburg, Rosa, 124
Madhubuti, Haki R. (Don L. Lee), 123, 205n27, 206n31
Maher, Bill, 126
“Malcolm X and Black Rage” (West), 111–12
Mandela, Nelson, 87, 192n51
Mandelstam, Osip, 58
Manning, Chelsea (Bradley), 4
Marable, Manning, 131, 210n43, 210n44
Marsalis, Wynton, 118
Martineau, Harriet, 147, 215n14
Martin Luther King (Harding), 189n27
Marx, Karl, 24–25, 26, 56, 62, 69, 176n7, 178–79n14, 185n11, 189n28, 195n12
Matthew, 24, 54, 117, 171n24
Mayfield, Curtis, 106, 130
McDowell, Calvin, 142, 213n3
Melville, Herman, 6, 17, 169n8, 173–74n40; and Douglass, 27–29, 173n38
Michelangelo, 116
Milton, John, 25
Mingus, Charles, 112
Mitchell, Darryl, 122, 203–4n25
Moby-Dick (Melville), 27, 169n8
Monteiro, Anthony, 136
Moral Mondays, 197n23
Morris, William, 26, 61, 172–73n31
Morrison, Toni, 123
Moses, Bob (Robert Parris), 91–92, 93, 94, 98, 193n3, 193n4
Moss, Thomas, 142, 144, 213n3, 216n20
Motts, Robert T., 222n49
MOVE Organization, 204n26
Mtume, James, 136
Muhammad, Elijah, 47, 112, 113, 115, 116–17, 121–22, 129, 132, 198–99n6, 205n28
Muslim Mosque, Inc., 123
My Bondage and My Freedom (Douglass), 20, 25, 170n19, 175n54
NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People), 51, 97, 151, 164, 197n22, 213n4, 216n21, 218n30, 222n47
National Black United Front (NBUF), 80, 190–91n36
National Negro Business League, 217–18n28
National Negro Labor Council, 220–21n41
The Negro (Du Bois), 43, 176n7
Neruda, Pablo, 62
New Black Panther Party, 135–36
Newton, Huey P., 77, 86, 94, 119, 148, 157, 190n30, 201n17, 215–16n19, 220–21n41
Newton, Walter, 119, 201n17
Nixon, Richard, 128, 144
Obama, Barack, 32–35, 41, 76–77, 86, 134, 135, 174n48; and Black prophetic tradition, 3, 11, 81, 161–65; and Douglass, 33–35; identification with Lincoln, 11, 31–32; as messianic leader, 105–6; and social movements, 32–34; as symbol, 15
Obama, Michelle, 163
O’Casey, Sean, 62
Occupy Wall Street movement, 4, 65, 89, 91, 92-93, 104, 111, 158
Ohio Players, 78
“Of Beauty and Death” (Du Bois), 179n20
Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU), 123, 199n7, 199–200n9
“Our God Is Marching On!” (King), 184n6
Outlaw, Lucius, 136
Ovington, Mary White, 151, 218n30
Owens, Jesse, 73
Pannekoek, Anton, 92, 194n8
Park, Robert, 195n15
Parker, Charlie, 58
Parks, Rosa, 146
Parliament-Funkadelic/Funkadelics, 49, 50
Pascal, Blaise, 96
Pascalian Meditations (Bourdieu), 7-8
Pease, Donald, 28
Perry, Imani, 136
Perry, Nelson, 133
Pfleger, Michael, 80, 190–91n36
Philadelphia Negro (Du Bois), 43, 177n9
Phillips, Wendell, 18, 31, 32, 169n9
Pitts, Helen, 13, 16, 19
Plato, 55, 112
Poole, Elijah Robert. See Muhammad, Elijah
Pound, Ezra, 58
Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr., 73
Prophesy Deliverance! (West), 111, 171–72n27, 223n51
Proust, Marcel, 58
Punishing the Poor (Wacquant), 67
Quintilian, 25
Rabaka, Reiland, 177n8
Race Matters (West), 117, 200n15
Radicalism at the Crossroads, 220–21n41
Rainey, Ma, 50, 154
Rameau’s Nephew (Diderot), 24, 171n25
Randolph, A. Philip, 156, 221n42, 222n48
Ransby, Barbara, 99, 193n4, 195n12, 196n17
Rauschenbusch, Walter, 186n12
Reagon, Bernice, 104, 196n21
The Reason Why the Colored American Is Not in the World’s Columbian Exposition (Douglass and Wells), 222n46
A Red Record (Wells), 142, 156, 218–19n31
Representative Men (Emerson), 27, 173n36
Republic (Plato), 55
“The Revelation of Saint Orgne the Damned” (Du Bois), 60
Revolutionary Communist Party, USA (RCP), 212n51
Revolutionary Suicide (Newton), 201n17
Richardson, Bernard, 81, 191n37
Robeson, Paul, 20, 73
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 223n50
Roosevelt, Franklin, 68,
223n50
Rowan, Carl, 71, 187–88n17
Royce, Josiah, 5, 6
Ruskin, John, 26, 61, 172n30, 172–73n31
Rustin, Bayard, 69, 92, 187n15, 194n7
Said, Edward, 28
Saint-Arnaud, Pierre, 177n8, 177n9
Sanchez, Sonia, 123, 206–7n32; on James Baldwin, 208–9n38
Sanders, Toby, 81, 191n37
Santayana, George, 59
Schiller, Friedrich von, 57
Schopenhauer, Arthur, 5–6, 84
Schurz, Carl, 29, 174n43
Schuyler, George, 92, 93, 193n5
SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference), 71, 97, 98, 185n11, 188n19
Scopes, John T., 208n37
Scott, Emmett J., 217–18n28
Scott, Jill, 136
Scott, Manuel, 50
Scott, Walter, 19, 25
Seale, Bobby, 119, 136, 190n30, 201n18
“The Servant in the House” (Du Bois), 54
Shakespeare, William, 25, 57, 60, 61, 179n19, 182n34
Shakur, Assata, 122, 205n27
Shakur, Tupac, 78
Sharlet, Jeff, 15
Sharpton, Al, 94
Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 25, 207–8n36
“Shirley Graham Du Bois” (Horne and Stevens), 180–81n25
Sinclair, Upton, 148, 215n17
Sisulu, Walter, 87, 192n51
Slavery by Another Name (Blackmon), 36
Slovo, Joe, 87, 192n51
Smalls, Biggie, 78
Smiley, Tavis, 31, 66, 67, 69, 75–76, 79, 83, 189n26
Smith, Bessie, 50, 106, 154
Smith, Gregory Robeson, 20
Smith, J. Alfred, Sr., 81, 191n37
Smith, James McCune, 27
Smith, Lucy Wilmot, 214n11
SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee), 69, 70, 90, 97–99, 103, 122, 187n14, 193n4, 196n21, 206n30
Snowden, Edward, 4, 212n52
Socrates, 61, 112, 179n19; Socratic dialogue, 98
The Souls of Black Folk (Du Bois), 25, 47, 52, 55, 56, 57, 179n17, 182n34, 204–5n26, 217n27
“The Souls of White Folk” (Du Bois), 51–52, 179–80n21, 181–82n30
Southern Horrors (Wells), 142, 215n18
Spanos, William, 27–28, 173–74n40
Speed, Joshua, 31
Stanfield, John H., 186–87n13
Staples, Glen A., 80, 190n35
The Star of Ethiopia (Du Bois), 180n23
Stauffer, John, 25
Stead, W. T., 152, 220n36
Stengel, Richard, 87
Stevens, Margaret, 180–81n25
Stewart, Will (Henry), 142, 213n3
Stills, Leutisha, 136, 212n50
Stokes, Carl, 86
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 32
Stuckey, Stirling, 27, 173n38
Sumner, Charles, 29, 32, 174n43
Tatum, Art, 58
Taylor, Cecil, 50
Taylor, Gardner C., 79, 190n33
Terrell, Mary Church, 151, 158, 218n29
“Theses on the Philosophy of History” (Benjamin), 45, 178n12
Thomas, Clarence, 17, 18
Thomas, Norman, 68, 69, 70, 186n12
Thoreau, Henry David, 194n7
Townes, Emilie, 136
Trotter, William Monroe, 149, 216n21, 222n48
Trouble in Mind (Litwack), 36
Tubman, Harriet, 20, 153, 205n27
Tupac. See Shakur, Tupac
Ture, Kwame, 187n14. See also Carmichael, Stokely
Turgenev, Ivan, 56
Turner, Nat, 116, 205n27
Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), 198n4, 222n48
Vaughan, Sarah, 130
Voltaire, 24, 171n25
Wacquant, Loïc, 48, 67, 80
Walker, Wyatt Tee, 97
Wareham, Roger, 122, 206n29
Washington, Booker T., 43–44, 141, 144, 149, 151, 154, 158, 213n4, 217n27, 217–18n28
Washington, Denzel, 134
Washington, George, 128, 209–10n39
Washington, James Melvin, 153
Washington, Margaret, 151
W. E. B. Du Bois (Blum), 58–59
W. E. B. Du Bois (Rabaka), 177n8
Weber, Max, 59
Weld, Angelina Grimké. See Grimké, Angelina
Weld, Theodore, 147, 214–15n12
Wells, Ida B., 3, 23, 139–59; on Jane Addams, 151, 219n33; and American terrorism, 140–42, 144; and anti-lynching work, 139, 141–42, 147–48, 154; Black community’s lack of support of, 152, 219–20n35; as Black prophetic witness, 157; bourgeois background of, 139, 150, 153–55; and caring for family, 146; and Chicago World’s Fair, 156, 220n36, 222n46; and Christian faith, 141; courage of, 141–42, 145–46, 159; criticism of, 151, 217n26, 217–18n28; critique of Du Bois, 151; critique of Booker T. Washington, 151, 217n27, 217–18n28; as crusader for justice, 154, 216–17n24; and Douglass, 37, 156, 222n46; and Du Bois, 156; education of, 214n9; experience of violence, 157; family background of, 141–42; and T. Thomas Fortune, 213n3; and Free Speech and Headlight newspaper, 141, 148, 215n16, 219n35; frustration with Black community, 152–53, 220n37; and Marcus Garvey, 156, 222n48; and gender issues, 149–50, 214n10, 216n22, 216n23; historical neglect of, 139; and Sam Hose–case pamphlet, 214n7; as intellectual, 155–56, 157; as journalist, 146–48, 214n11, 215n16; legacy of, 140–41; loneliness of, 149, 150, 151, 152–53; myth of, 151; and NAACP, 151, 216n21, 218n30; and Occupy movement, 158; as “organic intellectual,” 157; on organizing, 158, 220n37, 220n39; political transformation of, 213n3, 213n5; and popular culture, 222n49; radicalism of, 148, 150, 158; and railroad protest, 146, 149–50, 216–17n24; rebellious spirit of, 145, 151, 214n8; as Republican, 221n42; sacrifices of, 146, 150; on self-defense, 148–49, 215n18, 216n20; similarity to Malcolm X, 139, 145; sociological perspective of, 156; support of troops during Spanish-American War, 213n6; as target of nation-state, 142, 144, 157; as teacher, 146, 219n32; truth-telling of, 151; union support of, 221n42; and Booker T. Washington, 217n27, 217n28; and Frances Willard, 151, 218–19n31; and women’s club movement, 151, 153–54, 220n39; and women’s rights, 154; and the working class, 155; on YMCA/YWCA integration, 155, 221–22n43. See also individual works
West, Cornel, 5–7, 161–65; on the age of Obama, 162–63; on American exceptionalism, 71; on anarchism, 92; and Ella Baker, 193n3; on Black Congressional Caucus, 164–65; on Black leadership today, 117, 134; on Black prophetic tradition in the age of Obama, 161–65; on Black prophetic tradition decline, 161–62; on Black prophetic tradition problem, 133–34, 136; on Chekhov, 196n19; on Compromise of 1877, 142–43; conception of pragmatism, 174n41; on Farrakhan, 200n13; on Gramsci, 171–72n27; on Jim Crow, 140–41; King’s influence on, 189n29; on the modern Black church, 79–81; on narcissism in leaders, 95–96; on nationalism, 131, 133; on Occupy movement, 104; on the “organic intellectual,” 6, 9, 26, 95, 123, 157, 171–72n27; on revolutionary consciousness, 103–5; on secularism, 125–26, 207n34; on the vanishing middle class, 81–83; on white supremacy, 143–44, 200n15; Malcolm X’s influence on, 112, 119–20. See also individual works
“What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?” (Douglass), 13, 22, 167n1
White, William, 30
White Citizens’ Councils, 143
Whitman, Walt, 131, 207–8n36
Whittier, John Greenleaf, 25
Wilkins, Roy, 71, 188n18
Willard, Frances, 151, 218n31
Williams, Jasper, 50
Williams, Raymond, 85, 100
Williams, Robert F., 116, 148, 215–16n19, 220–21n41
Williams, Tennessee, 76
Willis, Andre, 136
Wilmot-Smith, Lucy, 214n11
Wilson, August, 48
Wilson, William Julius, 51
Winfrey, Oprah, 82
Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 59
Wolin, Sheldon, 83–84, 85, 192n43
Woman’s Christian Temperance Union, 218–
19n31
“Woman’s Mission” (Wells), 216n23
Wonder, Stevie, 13, 51, 129
Woodbey, George Washington, 159, 223n51
Wright, Jeremiah, 94
Wright, Richard, 22, 58, 182–83n37
X, Jasiri, 136
X, Malcolm, 2, 6, 13, 34, 38, 75, 77, 111–37; on assimilation vs. integration, 129; autobiography of, 123, 198n5, 211n46, 211n49; and Black Nationalism, 113–14, 131–32; on capitalism, 203n23; and Christianity, 117; commodification of, 134, 136, 211n47; and Du Bois, 46–47; Garvey’s influence on, 113, 198n4; on human rights violations by US, 202–3n21; on importance of history, 199–200n9; imprisonment of, 198n5; influence on Black Panther Party, 190n30, 204n26; integrity of, 117–18; as intellectual, 123; and Islam, 115–17, 124–25; vs. King, 72, 111–12, 120, 127–30; leadership of, 95, 124–25; legacy of, 112, 114, 122–23, 134–37, 202n20; on Patrice Lumumba, 199n7; Malcolm X (1992 movie), 134, 135, 211n46, 211n48; as martyr, 205n28; and Elijah Muhammad, 113, 121–22, 198–99n6; and musical tradition, 118–19; as Muslim leader, 124–25; and Nation of Islam, 118, 121–22, 198n5; need for, today, 114; as “organic intellectual,” 123; peak as freedom fighter, 13; as political organizer, 124–25, 207n33; political transformation of, 113, 132; in popular culture, 134–35; as prophetic witness, 126, 133, 136, 137; public opinion of, 111; as revolutionary figure, 112, 114, 119, 120–21, 125, 209–10n39; rhetorical style of, 77–78, 117, 118–19; and self-defense, 127–29; self-education of, 198n5; on separate businesses for African Americans, 46; sincerity of, 114–15, 119–20, 200n10; similarity to Wells; and violence, 209–10n39
YMCA/YWCA (Young Men’s Christian Association/Young Women’s Christian Association), 155, 221–22n43
Young, Whitney Moore, Jr., 71, 188n18
Young Negroes’ Cooperative League, 193–94n5
Zedong, Mao, 190n30, 205n27, 220–21n41
Zinn, Howard, 85
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