26. Quoted in Parrill, p. 3
27. Thompson, p. 210.
28. Julian Barnes, Observer, 13 November 1983.
29. Laurie Rigler, interviewed on a publisher’s website: http://us.penguingroup.com/static/html/romance/janeaustenaddict. html.
30. Thread on The Archers Message Board, September 2006, www.bbc.co.uk/dna/marchers.
31. ‘Balancing the Courtship Hero: Masculine Emotional Display in Film Adaptations of Austen’s Novels’, in Troost and Greenfield, p. 24.
32. ibid., p. 6.
33. Todd (2005), p. 117.
34. Cossy, p. 17.
35. At the ‘Austen and Contemporary Literature and Culture’ conference, Chawton House, June 2007.
36. ‘Revved-up Austen’, Radio Times, 17–23 March 2007.
37. ‘Austen’s Power: Jane addiction sweeps theaters, bookstores’, USA Today, 2 August 2007.
38. Mary Ann O’Farrell, ‘Austen and Contemporary Literature and Culture’ conference, Chawton House, June 2007.
39. Quoted by Garber, p. 205.
40. Andrew Norfolk, The Times, 17 March 2007, http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article1527806.ece.
41. ibid.
42. http://blog/wired.com/tableofmalcontents/2007/03/jane_austens_em. html.
43. CH, vol. 2, p. 67.
44. Record, pp. 232, 231 and 220.
45. Todd (2005), p. 87.
46. Memoir, pp. 188–9.
47. Letters, p. 202.
48. ibid., p. 268.
49. CR, vol. 1, p. 258.
50. April 1811, Letters, p. 182.
51. CH, vol. 1, p. 242.
52. Todd (2005), p. 290.
53. Letters, p. 275.
54. Todd (2005), p. 118.
55. Harriet Martineau’s diary, October 1837, quoted in CH, vol. 2, p. 136.
56. Hill, p. viii.
57. CH, vol. 2, p. 168.
58. http://austenprose.wordpress.com/2008/05/30/my-personal-austen-does-reading-austen-make-me-a-better-person/.
59. Braudy, p. 15
60. Trilling, p. 44.
61. Memoir, p. 162.
62.14–15 January 1796, Letters, p. 3.
63. Forster, p. 153.
64. CH, vol.2, p.41.
Index
Adams, Oscar Fay 156, 162–3
Agnes Grey (Brontë, A.) 125
Alton, Hampshire 34, 76, 118, 221
Andrews, James 145–6, 147, 178, 209–10, 253
The Archers (BBC Radio) 262–3
Arlington (Lister, T.) 94
Arnold, Matthew 226
Arthur Fitz-Albini (Brydges, S.E.) 30
Ashe, Hampshire 16, 30, 306n53, 306n55
Ashford, Daisy 194
Asquith, Lady Cynthia 232
Atlantic Monthly 166
Auden, W.H. 226–7
Augustan Review 270
Austen, Anna see Lefroy, Jane Anna Elizabeth
Austen, Caroline Mary Craven (JA’s niece) 14, 17, 65, 115–16
on Andrews’ portrait of JA 147
death of 151
invaluable biographical assistant 133–5, 140
and literary reputation of JA 128–30, 131, 132, 149
manuscript items in possession of 122
on publication of Austen-Leigh’s biography 148
Austen, Cassandra (JA’s mother) 9, 11, 14, 16, 43, 59, 100, 114, 116 agitation about Leigh Perrot money 55
death of 114
family finances, difficulties with 48–9, 102–3
Jane first child to die 81
Mansfield Park, opinion on 64
view of Jane’s literary gifts 85–6
Austen, Cassandra Elizabeth (JA’s sister) 9, 13, 18, 44, 103–4, 105–6, 179, 223 annuity from Tom Fowle 49
collaboration with JA on Mansfield Park 64
correspondence from JA 61–2, 63
death of 124
early years with JA 11–12
on ‘Elinor and Marianne’ 31
engagement and tragedy for 35–6
Fanny Knight and 46
inheritance from JA 86–7
JA’s last writing 79–80
memo on timescale of JA’s compositions 41–2
pious commemoration of JA 134
posterity of JA, control over 111–19
praises passed on by 59
manuscripts left by 122, 137
Pride and Prejudice, on publication of 57
publishing losses, burden of 100
Sense and Sensibility, on publication of 51–2
sketches of JA 145, 146–7, 208, 210, 211–12, 253
watercolour vignettes for JA’s ‘History of England’ 14, 194
Austen, Cassandra (Cassy) Esten (JA’s niece) 128–9, 145, 146, 210
Austen, Charles John (JA’s brother) 11, 13, 14, 49, 101 active and successful life at sea 55
death of 124
executor for Cassandra 115, 116
naval career 179
Pride and Prejudice, surprise at success of 62
salary, lowish nature of 102
treasures descended through 208, 223
Austen, Colonel Thomas 152
Austen, Edward see Knight, Edward (JA’s brother)
Austen, Fanny Sophia (Frank’s daughter) 134
Austen, Francis (Frank) William (JA’s brother) 11, 13, 14, 45, 54, 118, 179 attendance at JA’s funeral 81
collaboration with JA on Mansfield Park 64
death of 124–5, 132
generosity with memorabilia of JA 124
knighthood for 114
marriage to Martha Lloyd 103, 114
reports from JA to 58, 62
resourcefulness of 123
settlement for 102
Austen, George (JA’s brother) 11, 44, 102–3, 124
Austen, Revd George (JA’s father) 11, 13, 14–15, 19, 30–1, 49–50, 81 death of 44–5, 48–9
encouragement for JA from 32–3, 42–3
letter to publisher Cadell 133
Austen, Henry Thomas (JA’s brother) 1, 19, 40, 48, 69, 72, 111, 115, 279 agent for JA 50–51, 57–8
attendance at Jane’s funeral 81
and Bentley, negotiations for JA’s copyrights 103–5, 114
Biographical Notice (1818) 106–7, 108, 129, 138, 142, 149, 212
business slump 75–6, 100–102
collaboration with JA on Mansfield Park 64
death of 124
graduate of Oxford 11, 20
and identification of JA’s authorship 59, 62 illness 67–8
inheritance from JA 86–9, 115
intimately knowledgable 132
JA’s closeness to 13
marriage to Eliza de Feuillide 35
maximisation of Jane’s celebrity, efforts in 65–6
Austen, Revd James (JA’s brother) 11, 13, 14, 24, 100, 102, 106, 279 ambition and talent of 17–18
JA’s identity guarded by 59
literary accomplishments and The Loiterer 19–23
marriages of 34–5
memorial poem for JA 82–3, 88
middle-aged melancholy and stasis 54–5
morbid sensibility, plagued by 138
poem in celebration of publication of Sense and Sensibility 52
Austen, Jane academic study of 156, 166–7, 201–3, 235–6, 240–42, 263–6
accidental artist, promotion as 200–201
American collections of memorabilia 223–5
anonymity 52, 53–4, 59–60, 62
appeal of, aspects of 4–6, 169–70, 246
appropriation of ‘Austenlike’ qualities by other writers 93–5
assertiveness 47–8
audience, prose affected by consciousness of 46
audience widening for novels of 155
‘Austen mania,’ surges in 6–7, 257
as biographical subject 137–45
biographies 155–6, 230–31, 233, 225–6, 232, 272
birth and early life 11–12
booksellers
and publishers, access to 42–3
Brydges reminiscence of 108–9
businesswoman 67–9
Cassandra’s sketches of 145, 146–7, 208, 210, 211–12, 253
centenary of death 187–9
Chapman and works of 181–2, 191–4, 195–8, 201–2, 206–11, 232, 249, 271
Charlotte Brontë’s criticism of 126–7
charm of, reflected in characters 139, 161, 218–19
‘chick-lit’ appeal of writing 7, 248–9, 252–4
Churchill and 217–18
collaborative composition 64
composition, timescales for 41–2
confidence in works 34–5
copyright concerns 47, 54, 56, 57–8, 63, 68–9, 99–100, 103–4, 114, 120
criticisms of early reviewers 95–6
‘critic’s novelist – highly spoken of and little read’ 120
cult status 162–4, 243
death of 80, 81–2
death of, 150th anniversary
commemoration 232
deference towards Cassandra 112–13
Dictionary of National Biography (DNB) 157, 171, 205
domestic humour 206
drafting habit 50
Emma, theatrical presentation of 219–20
Englishness of 174, 180–81, 189–90, 230–31
ephemera of, public interest in 149–50
estate, dispersal of 86–7
estate of 122–5, 127–8, 128–37
experimentalism 37–9
fame, effects of 66–7,
elements of 10–11,
temporary and localised 85–6
family finances, difficulties with 48–9
fans of 60, 113, 277–8
fashionable interest in Sense and Sensibility 53
father, death of 44–5
feminism and 170, 234, 243, 253
Fénéon and French appreciation 175–8
film treatments of novels 189, 214–17, 251–2, 257–8, 260, 264–5
funeral 81
global phenomenon (and global brand) 1–4, 245
Great War and popularity of writing 180–86
half-forgotten niche writer 120
Harding on 227–8, 233, 277, 278–9
Hartley’s negativity on 186–7
Henry James on 166–8, 200–201, 279–80
‘heteronormativity’ in works of 236–8, 250–51
‘husband-hunting butterfly’ 145 identity as author, revelation of 62–3
ideologies and disciplines, alternative approaches to work of 227–9, 235
illness 78–9
illustrations in works of 159–60, 196–7, 214, 264
images of 105–6, 209–14, 254, 257
influence in America, Precaution and 97–9
inspiration, doubts on 67
internet and mass intimacy 276–7
juvenilia 13–15, 20, 23–5, 45, 124, 132, 134, 193, 195, 238, 242, 272
last writing 79, 149
literary reputation, defences of 125–30
love stories and mass appeal 246–52
manuscripts, control over 76–7, 271–2
manuscripts, publishing frustrations 37–8
market worth, fall in 104–5
marriage proposal from Harris Bigg-Wither 43–4
mass market for 159, 243–5
memorabilia 208–9, 222–3
memorial poems for 82–3, 84–5
memorial tablet in Winchester Cathedral 153–4
modernity of 110, 205
mother of romance 247–8
‘New Woman’ and writing of 170–71
obscurity, period of 99–100, 120–21
‘overwriting,’ fear of 75–6
perseverance of 41–2
physical description of 88–9
‘Plan of a Novel’ 71
popularity with Romantic contemporaries 110–11
Portraits of, 152–3, 177, 209, 313n69
posterity of, Cassandra’s control over 111–12, 113–16
praise and appreciation from Sir Walter Scott for 73–4, 109–10
Pride and Prejudice, triumph in publication of 57–9, 61–2
Prince Regent ‘a great admirer’ 69, 74–5
profession, attitude to 40–41
public acknowledgement of authorship 81
publication of work, early solicitation 32–3, 42
readership, small expansion of 46, 93
reading and early writing 12–13, 33–4
Regency revival and 204–5
republication by Bentley of novels 104–7
reviews of Pride and Prejudice 61
revision, method of 50
revisionism on 226–9
Russian success of novels of 96–7
sales of Sense and Sensibility 54
scale and boundaries in works of 142–3, 143–4, 199–200
secrecy, myth of 9–10
self-regulation as writer 46–7, 75, 83, 142–3
Sense and Sensibility, publication of 51
sex and romance, criticism of treatment of 249–50
television treatments of works 252, 254–6, 258–60, 261–3, 265–6
Tennyson’s admiration for 121–2
therapeutic potential of writing 182–5
timelessness of work 272–5
vigilance over traits of others 83
wasting of titles by 99–100
working milieu, home context and 9–11, 142, 270–71
worldliness of 234–5
writing, early encouragement in 14–15
writing circles, access to 42–3
YouTube compilations 251–2
Zeitgeist thing of 172, 263, 266
Austen, Mary (Lloyd, wife of Frank) 35, 45, 132
Austen-Leigh, Revd James Edward (JA’s nephew) 7–8, 35, 63, 157–8, 169, 178, 180, 195, 203
attendance at JA’s funeral 81, 119
biography of JA 130–31, 131–5, 136–8, 141–2, 144–5, 147–8;
second edition 148, 150
on boundaries and scale 143–4
on character of JA 139
criticism of biographical portrait 150–51
death of 151
draughtsmanship of 106
on JA’s ‘parental’ interest in characters 271
and literary reputation of JA 128–30
memorial tablet to Jane, erection of 153–4
memories of youth 57
on scale and Jane’s ‘little bit of Ivory’ 142–3
writing and corresponding with JA 65
Austen-Leigh, L.A. 194
Austen Leigh, Lois 210
Austen-Leigh, Mary Augusta 76, 121, 125, 130, 179–80
Austen-Leigh, Richard Arthur 180, 209
Austen-Leigh, William 180, 194
Austen Papers (Austen-Leigh, R.A.) 180
Austenolatry 279
Austin, Alfred 182
Bailey, John 204
Baillie, Isobel 232
Barnes, Julian 259–60
Barron, Stephanie 266
Basingstoke 34, 43–4
Bath, Somerset 36–7 family move to 42–3
Battleridge: An Historical Tale (Cooke, C.) 26, 28–9, 274
Beckinsale, Kate 258, 259
Becoming Jane Austen (Spence, J.) 261
Becoming Jane (Julian Jarrold film) 261–2
Belinda (Edgeworth, M.) 274
Benn, Mary 58–9
Bennett, Arnold 203
Bentley, Richard 98–9, 103–5, 106–8, 114, 120, 149, 150, 151, 174
Beresford, Charles 254
Bessborough, Henrietta Spencer, Countess of 53
Bibliography of Jane Austen (Chapman, R.W.) 196
Bibliography of Samuel Johnson (Courtney, W.P. and Smith, D.N.) 181
Bigg, Catherine and Althea 43, 111
Bigg, Elizabeth 181
Bigg-Wither, Harris 43–4, 111, 135, 181
Birrell, Augustine 194
Birtwistle, Sue 254, 260–61
Blackall, Revd Dr Samuel 35
Blackwoods Magazine 92, 270
Blessington, Marguerite, Countess of 93
Bloomberg, Michael 268
Blunden, Edmund 180–81
Bonneville, Hugh 259
Booth, Wayne 250
Boringdon, Lady Frances see Morley, Frances, Countess of
Boswell, James 181–2
Brabourne, Lord see Knatchbull- Hugessen
Bradley, A.C. 162, 180, 201, 202
Bramstone, Mrs Augusta 64
Braudy, Leo 10–11, 278
Brett-Smith, H.F. 183, 185
Bride and Prejudice (Gurinder Chadha film) 257
Bridges, Elizabeth (Mrs Edward Austen) 35
Bridget Jones’s Diary (Fielding, H.) 2, 252
Bridget Jones’s Diary (Sharon Maguire film) 252–3, 259, 320n18
Brinton, Sybil G. 266
British Critic 52–3, 61, 72, 92
Brock, C.E. and H.M. 159
Brontë, Charlotte 6, 125, 126–8, 129, 139, 144–5, 166, 226, 260
Brontë sisters 125, 128, 167, 188, 189, 214, 250
Brown, John 121
Brownlee, John 269
Brownstein, Rachel 264
Brunton, Mary 52
Brydges, Charlotte 16
Brydges, Mrs Elizabeth 16
Brydges, Samuel Egerton 16–17, 29–31, 56, 77, 109, 111
Bulwer-Lytton, Edward G.E.L. 94, 108, 109
Burke, Henry Gershon and Alberta Hirsheimer 223–4
Burney, Fanny (later Madame d’Arblay) 12, 26–9, 32, 54, 71, 98, 108, 129, 173, 201
Burney, Sarah Harriet 110
Burns, Robert 127
Bury, Lady Charlotte 93
Butler, Marilyn 233–4
By a Lady (Elyot, A.) 266–7
Byron, George Gordon, Lord 54, 61, 68, 73, 85, 87, 92, 93
Bywater, Ingram 195
Cadell, Thomas (publisher) 27, 32–3, 36, 37, 42, 57, 133
Camilla (Burney, F.) 26, 27, 28, 32, 108
Campbell, Thomas 104
Carlisle, George Howard, Earl of 114
Carlyle, Thomas 6, 200
Carpenter, Lieutenant John Philip 222
Carpenter, T. Edward 221–2, 223–4, 225
Carrington, Dora 205
Cartland, Barbara 247
Castle, Terry 236–8