19. Morton, p. 105
20. Montague Browne, The Long Sunset, p. 230
21. Langworth, Richard, “On Turtles and Turtle Soup”, Finest Hour 146, p. 25
22. CHUR 2/96B/224
23. Morton, p. 95
24. Wilson, p. 106
25. Richardson, From Churchill’s Secret Circle to the BBC: The Biography of Lt. Gen. Sir Ian Jacob, p. 67
26. Martin, Downing Street: The War Years, p. 59
27. Ibid., photo insert following p. 56
28. Gilbert, Churchill: A Life, p. 889
29. Gilbert, Volume VI, p. 1168
Chapter 3 Christmas at the White House
1. Kimball (ed.), Churchill & Roosevelt, The Complete Correspondence, Volume I, p. 286
2. Smith, Jean Edward, FDR, p. 542
3. Meiklejohn, Diaries, Reel 52. Harriman had also brought over the gift of an electric shaver which the Prime Minister wanted to use constantly. Voltages were of course a problem.
4. Churchill, Volume III, p. 538
5. Harvey (ed.), p. 70
6. Kimball (ed.), p. 286
7. Ive, p. 72
8. Richardson, pp. 84-85. Jacob joined Churchill on the Duke of York.
9. Soames (ed.), Speaking For Themselves, p. 461
10. Pawle, The War and Colonel Warden, p.145
11. Martin, John, Downing Street; The War Years, p. 69
12. Gilbert, Churchill, Road to Victory, 1941-1945, Volume VII, p. 18
13. Pawle, London 1963, p. 146
14. Gilbert, Churchill, Volume VII, p. 18
15. Gilbert, Churchill, Volume VII, p. 9
16. Richardson, Diary, p. 88
17. Leasor (ed.), War at the Top, The Experiences of Sir Leslie Hollis, p. 29
18. Goodwin, No Ordinary Time, p. 301
19. Time magazine, 5 January, 1942
20. Roberts, Masters and Commanders, p. 84
21. Fields, My 21 Years in the White House, p. 81
22. Goodwin, p. 302
23. Stiegler, Sam, interviews. From Medford Afro-American Remembrance Project, p. 7
24. Fields, p. 51
25. François Rysavy as told to Frances Spatz Leighton, A Treasury of White House Cooking, p. 79
26. Lady Williams, In conversation with the author, April 2010
27. Macmillan, Tides of Fortune, p. 322
28. Graebner, My Dear Mr. Churchill, p. 53
29. Harriman papers, Box 446, Folder 2
30. Nesbitt, Henrietta, White House Diary, p. 30
31. Nesbitt, p. 273
32. Jenkins, Churchill: A Biography, p. 672
33. Bohlen, Witness to History, 1929-1969, p. 143
34. Burns, Roosevelt, The Soldier of Freedom, 1940-1945, p. 178
35. Nesbitt papers, Library of Congress
36. Whitcomb, John and Claire, Real Life at the White House, p. 306
37. McGowan, Norman, My Years With Churchill, 1958, p. 70
38. Roberts p. 68
39. Roberts, p. 69
40. Jenkins, p. 672
41. New York Times, 11 January 1942
42. Bercuson and Herwig, One Christmas in Washington, p. 154
43. Goodwin, p. 302
44. Gilbert, Volume VII, p. 27
45. Ibid.
46. Gilbert, Volume VII, p. 28
47. Richardson, p. 91
48. Bercuson and Herwig, p. 164
49. Moran, p. 12
50. Roberts, Masters, p. 84
51. Pawle, p 155
52. Roberts p. 77
Chapter 4 Moscow
1. Moran, p. 60
2. Telegram from Churchill to the Cabinet, copied to Roosevelt, August 15, 1942. CHAR 20/79A/36-38
3. Blake and Louis, Churchill, p. 314
4. JACB 1/16 p. 56
5. Pawle, p. 193
6. Mander, Danny, Winston Churchill’s Bodyguard, The Teheran conference 1943, p. 19
7. Mander, Danny, p. 16
8. Churchill, The Second World War, The Hinge of Fate, Volume IV, p. 477
9. Colville, p. 404
10. Churchill, Volume IV, p. 409
11. Gilbert, Volume VII, p. 1
12. JACB 1/16 p. 84
13. Churchill, Volume IV, p. 425
14. Churchill, Volume IV, p. 429
15. Moran, p. 55
16. Moran, p. 56
17. Leon Aron, Russian Scholar at the American Enterprise Institute in Washington, consulted Sir Rodric Braithwaite, the last UK ambassador to the USSR and the first ambassador to post-Soviet Russia, who confirmed a report from Director of the Federal Archival Service, Professor Vladimir Kozlov and Molotov’s grandson, Vyacheslav Nikonov, that the Ninth Directorate “periodically destroys everything in their archives after a decade or so.” Memo to the author from Leon Aron, 6 September 2005.
18. Thompson, W.H., I Was Churchill’s Shadow, p. 98
19. Moran, p. 59
20. Churchill, Volume IV p. 442
21. Gilbert, Volume VII, p. 200
22. Moran, p. 63
23. Gilbert, Volume VII, p. 205
24. CHAR 20/79A/36.
25. Moran, p. 64
26. Gilbert, Volume VII, p. 191
27. Gilbert, Volume VII, p. 181
28. Harriman and Abel, Special Envoy, p. 152
29. Sandys, Celia, “Around the World with Winston”, Daily Mail, 6 September 2008
Chapter 5 Adana
1 FO 195/2478 Press Conference, given by British ambassador Sir H. Knatchbull Hugessen on 2 February 1943
2. Churchill, The Second World War, Volume IV, p. 625
3. Gilbert, Churchill, Road to Victory, 1941-1945, Volume VII, p. 301
4. Chandler, Graham, “Travels with Churchill”, Air & Space Magazine, July 2009
5. Gilbert, Churchill: A Photographic Portrait, picture caption, p. 289
6. FO 195/2478 Press Conference
7. Moran, p. 84
8. Ibid.
9. http//www.turim.net/turkey
10. Behrend, George, Luxury Trains, p. 119.
11. Danchev and Todman (eds.), Field Marshal Lord Alanbrooke, p. 374
12. Gilbert, Volume VII, p. 325
Chapter 6 Teheran
1. Moran, p. 148
2. Ibid.
3. Gilbert, p. 555
4. Gilbert, Volume VII, p. 564
5. Harriman Papers, Notes on the Teheran Conference, 27 November - 5 December 1943, Box 110, Folder 10
6. Gilbert, Volume VII, p. 569
7. Churchill, Sarah, A Thread in the Tapestry, p. 65
8. Dilks (ed.), Cadogan, p. 578
9. Lavery, Brian, Churchill Goes to War, p. 245
10. Eubank, Keith, Summit at Teheran, p. 177
11. Bullard, Sir Reader, The Camels Must Go, p. 256
12. Mayle, Eureka Summit, p. 51
13. Ismay, General Lord, Memoirs, p. 337
14. Birse, Memoirs of an Interpreter, p. 153
15. Harriman and Abel, p. 263
16. Eisenhower, John, Allies, p. 410
17. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p. 776
18. Churchill, Sarah, p. 65
19. Cunningham, A Sailor’s Odyssey, p. 588
20. Eubank, p. 342
21. Harriman Papers, Notes on the Teheran Conference, Box 110, Folder 10
22. Mayle, p. 114
23. Ibid.
24. Rees, Laurence, WWII Behind Closed Doors, p. 233
25. Bohlen, UK Edition, p. 149
26. Churchill, Sarah, p. 66
27. Thompson, John, Chicago Tribune, 7 December 1943
28. Danchev and Todman (eds.), p. 488
29. Ismay, p. 341
30. Cunningham, p. 588
31. Pawle, p. 271
32. Gilbert, Volume VII, p. 593
33. Bullard, p. 259
34. Letter from Harriman, State Dept., S8330
Chapter 7 Yalta
1. Dilks (ed.), p. 707
2. Gilbert, Volume VII, p. 1182
3. Stettinius,
Roosevelt and the Russians: The Yalta Conference, p. 3
4. Sherwood, p. 845.
5. Gilbert, Volume VII, p. 1167
6. Ibid.
7. An astute political observer noted at the time “We’ve just elected a dead man”.
8. Leasor, James, War At The Top, based on the experiences of General Sir Leslie Hollis, p. 280
9. Ibid.
10. Leasor, p. 281
11. Harriman, p. 390
12. Gilbert, Volume VII, p. 1172
13. Gilbert, Volume VII, p. 1187
14. Harriman, p. 390
15. Gilbert, Volume VII, p. 1195
16. Stettinius, p. 3
17. CHAR 20/210/90
18. MART 2 from unpublished John Martin Diary, p. 175
19. Martin, p. 180
20. Ismay, p. 387
21. Gilbert, Volume VII, p. 1172
22. Martin, p. 179
23. Bright, The Inner Circle, A View of War at the Top, p. 182
24. Dilks (ed.), Cadogan, p. 703
25. Layton, Elizabeth (later Nel), Mr. Churchill’s Secretary, p. 176
26. Dilks (ed.), Cadogan, p. 703
27. Gilbert, Volume VII, p. 1182
28. Dilks (ed.), p 703
29. CHUR 1/285
30. Ibid.
31. Clemens, Yalta, p. 114
32. Stettinius, p. 82
33. Ibid.
34. US Dept of State, Foreign Relations of the US. Conferences at Malta and Yalta, 1945. Washington 1955. Galley 491
35. Nesbitt, p 305
36. www.ukraineplaces.com
37. Stettinius, p. 114
38. Stettinius, p. 218
39. Dilks (ed.), Cadogan, p. 707
40. ed., Danchev and Todman, Alanbrooke, p. 659
41. Stettinius, p. 83
42. Ibid. p. 218
43. Dilks (ed.), Cadogan, p. 707
44. Stettinius, p. 219
45. Ibid. p. 220.
46. Gilbert, Volume VII, p. 1195
47. Ibid.
48. Gilbert, Volume VII, p. 1190
49. Stettinius, p. 272
50. The menu is reproduced in the American edition of Bohlen’s memoir, Witness to History, but not in the British edition.
51. Stettinius, p. 111
52. U S Department of State, Foreign Relations of the US (FRUS), Conferences at Malta and Yalta, 1945. Galley 496
53. JACB 1/20, p. 53
54. Moran, p. 230
55. Dilks (ed.), Cadogan, p. 709
56. Lunghi, Hugh, A Tribute to Sir Winston Churchill, Blenheim Palace, transcript of talk, 1 March 1997, p. 8
57. Dilks (ed.), Cadogan, p. 710
Chapter 8 Potsdam
1. Churchill, The Second World War, Triumph and Tragedy, Volume VI, p. 578
2. Beschloss, The Conquerors: Roosevelt, Truman and the Destruction of Hitler’s Germany, 1941-1945, p. 239
3. Truman, Harry, Memoirs: Year of Decisions, Volume 1, p. 337
4. Truman, p. 381
5. Bohlen, Charles, p. 226. Bohlen was quartered with President Truman in the President’s villa.
6. Churchill, Volume VI, p. 545
7. Truman, Memoirs, Vol.1, p. 342
8. David McCullough, Truman, p. 406
9. Bright, The Inner Circle, p. 210
10. Cadogan, Diary, p. 763
11. Bright, Circle, p. 214
12. Mee, Meeting at Potsdam, p. 43. Also in Bright, p. 214
13. Moran, p. 267
14. McCullough, Truman, pp. 406-7
15. Telegraph, 5 May 2006
16. Montefiore, Simon Sebag, Stalin, p. 507
17. Moran, p. 281
18. Garrison, Gary, “Berlin 1945-2006: Historical Epilogue”, Finest Hour, No.132, p. 18
19. Ferrell (ed.), Robert H., Off The Record: The Private Papers of Harry S Truman, p. 51. Bohlen notes, “Where Roosevelt was warmly friendly with Churchill and Stalin, Truman was pleasantly distant.” Bohlen, p. 228
20. Truman, Memoirs, Vol. 1, p. 340
21. Donovan, Robert J. Conflict and Crisis, p. 75
22. Bohlen, Charles, Log of the President’s trip to the Berlin Conference”, Box 30, p. 24
23. Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, Never Despair, 1945-1965, Volume VIII, p. 70
24. Bohlen, Charles, Log of the President’s Trip to the Berlin Conference, p. 25
25. McCullough, Truman, p. 427
26. Ibid.
27. Dilks (ed.), p. 767
28. Rayfield, Donald, Times Literary Supplement Review of Molotov’s Magic Lantern, 23 April 2010
29. Mee p. 166
30. ed., Ferrell, Dear Bess: The Letters from Harry to Bess Truman, p. 521
31. Mee p. 166
32. Ibid. But the official Programme of Music lists it as The String Orchestra of the Royal Air Force.
33. Moran, p. 281
34. Ibid.
35. Truman, Memoirs, Vol.1, pp. 340 and 361
36. Cunningham, A Sailor’s Odyssey, p. 647
37. Broadbent, Michael, Wine Vintages, p. 28
38. Pawle, p. 396
39. Churchill, Volume VI, p. 579
40. Moran, p. 282
41. Moran p. 283
42. Churchill, Volume VI, p. 579
43. Ulam, Adam B., Stalin: The Man And His Era, p. 626
Chapter 9 Fulton to Bermuda
1. Westminster College Archives Press Release, 14 February 2006
2. PREM 11/418. Full text of telegram in Churchill and Bermuda 20th International Conference November 2003.
4. Westminster College, Fulton. Missouri, Press Release 14 February 2006
5. Richards, Michael, “Commissioning Day”, Finest Hour 110, p.15
6. PREM 11/418
7. Gilbert, Volume VIII, p. 807
8. Ibid., p.936
9. Colville, Fringes, p. 688
10. Ibid.
11. Mid-Ocean Club, 8 November 2003
SECTION 2
Chapter 10 Food
1. Halle, Kay (ed.), Winston Churchill On America and Britain, p. 256
2. Moir, Phyllis, I Was Winston Churchill’s Private Secretary, p. 132
3. Winston S. Churchill, The Story of the Malakand Field Force, p. 201 (Originally published by Longmans, Green & Co. in 1898.)
4. CHAR 1/351/50-52
5. Soames (ed.), Speaking for Themselves, p. 582
6. Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, Volume VII, p. 127
7. Jenkins, p. 711
8. Addison, The Road to 1945, p. 245
9. CHAR 1/116/60
10. Gilbert, 1914-1916, Volume III, p. 502
11. Soames (ed.), Speaking for Themselves, p. 117
12. Ibid., p.164
13. Ibid., p. 178
14. Nicolson. Nigel (ed.), Harold Nicolson, The War Years, 1939-1945, p. 166
15. Pawle, p. 171
16. McGowan, p. 87
17. Montague Browne, Long Sunset: Memoirs of Winston Churchill’s Last Private Secretary, p. 314
18. Howells, Churchill’s Last Years, pp. 111-112
19. Eden, Anthony, Memoirs, The Reckoning, p. 202
20. Danchev and Todman (eds.), p. 390
21. Felipe Fernández-Armesto, Near a Thousand Tables: A History of Food, p. 133
22. Moran, p. 283, referring to Churchill’s distaste for devilled chicken.
23. CHAR 1/391/1
24. Colville, p. 309
25. Murray, I Was Churchill’s Bodyguard, p. 90
26. Coote, p. 40
27. Cooke, Alistair, General Eisenhower on the Military Churchill, p. 54
28. Martin, John, MART 2, unpublished diaries for 30 November 1944, p. 168
29. Soames (ed.), Speaking for Themselves, p. 581
30. Buczacki, Stefan, Churchill and Chartwell, p. 258
31. Colville, John, The Churchillians, p. 112
32. Soames, Mary, Finest Hour, 115, p. 42
33. Ibid.
34. Soames, Mary, Clementine Churchill, p. 344
35. Brocklesby, Eddie, “Nan’s Kitchen at No. 10” from the Serpentine running Club Newsletter, Autumn, 2003, p. 3
36. Brocklesby, p. 3
37. BBC TV Archives, Joan Bakewell Interview, 1973
38. Langworth, Richard, Finest Hour, Frequently Asked Questions
39. Nicolson, Juliet, The Perfect Summer, p. 47
40. Finest Hour 144, Churchill Quiz, p. 63
41. Gilbert (ed.), Churchill War Papers, The Ever-Widening War 1941, Volume 3, p. 1470
42. Colville, p. 454 (paperback version)
43. McGowan, p. 89
44. Gilbert, Sir Martin, in conversation with Admiral Hetherington, 1965. Sir Martin Gilbert email to the author 19 April 2011
Chapter 11 Champagne
1. Moir, p 138
2. Churchill, Winston S., My Early Life: A Roving Commission, p. 125
3. Churchill, Randolph S., Winston S. Churchill, Youth, 1874-1900, Volume I, p. 453
4. Philip and Susan Larson, “Winston S. Churchill and Robert R. McCormick,” Finest Hour, 131, p. 33
5. McJimsey, George, Harry Hopkins: Ally of the Poor and Defender of Democracy. P. 140 refers to the “prodigious quantities of weak whiskey” that Churchill consumed during Hopkins’ 1941 visit to Britain.
6. Churchill, Winston S., My Early Life: A Roving Commission, p. 125
7. CHAR 1/400A/46
8. Tugwell, Rexford G., The Democratic Roosevelt, p. 593
9. Sherwood, Robert E., p. 442
10. Butcher, Captain Harry C., My Three Years With Eisenhower, p. 75
11. Skidelsky, Vol. 3, p. 92
12. Finest Hour, 131, p. 35
13. King, Mackenzie, Diary, 23 August 1941, from www.collectionscanada.gc.ca, p. 879
14. Kimball, Warren F., Forged in War: Roosevelt Churchill and the Second World War, p. 22
15. Reilly, Michael F., as told to William J. Slocum, Reilly of the White House, p. 125
16. Gilbert, Martin, In Search of Churchill, p. 209
17. Wilson, A.N., After The Victorians, p. 390
18. Moran, p. 390
19. Roberts, Andrew, Eminent Churchillians, p. 170
20. Harvey, John (ed.), The War Diaries of Oliver Harvey, 1941-1945, p. 369
21. Nevezhin, Vladimir A., in a collection of “Stalin’s Table Speeches”, Moscow: AIRO-XX, 2003
22. Gilbert, Volume VII p. 191
23. Moran, p. 59
24. Gilbert, Volume VII, p. 193