One small exception should be noted: the splintering of the Carpathians into separate geographic regions has led to some minor dialectization. However the telepathic links among all Carpathians (as well as each Carpathian’s regular return to his or her homeland) has ensured that the differences among dialects are relatively superficial (e.g., small numbers of new words, minor differences in pronunciation, etc.), since the deeper, internal language of mind-forms has remained the same because of continuous use across space and time.
The Carpathian language was (and still is) the proto-language for the Uralic (or Finno-Ugrian) family of languages. Today, the Uralic languages are spoken in northern, eastern and central Europe and in Siberia. More than twenty-three million people in the world speak languages that can trace their ancestry to Carpathian. Magyar or Hungarian (about fourteen million speakers), Finnish (about five million speakers), and Estonian (about one million speakers), are the three major contemporary descendents of this proto-language. The only factor that unites the more than twenty languages in the Uralic family is that their ancestry can be traced back to a common proto-language—Carpathian—which split (starting some six thousand years ago) into the various languages in the Uralic family. In the same way, Europe an languages such as English and French, belong to the better-known Indo-Europe an family and also evolve from a common proto-language ancestor (a different one from Carpathian).
The following table provides a sense for some of the similarities in the language family.
Note: The Finnic/Carpathian “k” shows up often as Hungarian “h”. Similarly, the Finnic/Carpathian “p” often corresponds to the Hungarian “f.”
Carpathian (proto-Uralic)
Finnish (Suomi)
Hungarian (Magyar)
elä—live
elä—live
él—live
elid—life
elinikä—life
élet—life
pesä—nest
pesä—nest
fészek—nest
kola—die
kuole—die
hal—die
pälä—half, side
pieltä—tilt, tip to the side
fél, fele—fellow human, friend (half; one side of two) feleség—wife
and—give
anta, antaa—give
ad—give
koje—husband, man
koira—dog, the male
here—drone, testicle (of animals)
wäke—power
väki—folks, people, men; force
val/-vel—with (instrumental suffix)
väkevä—powerful, strong
vele—with him/her/it
wete—water
vesi—water
víz—water
2. CARPATHIAN GRAMMAR AND OTHER CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LANGUAGE
Idioms. As both an ancient language, and a language of an earth people, Carpathian is more inclined toward use of idioms constructed from concrete, “earthy” terms, rather than abstractions. For instance, our modern abstraction, “to cherish,” is expressed more concretely in Carpathian as “to hold in one’s heart” the “nether world” is, in Carpathian, “the land of night, fog and ghosts” etc.
Word order. The order of words in a sentence is determined not by syntactic roles (like subject, verb and object) but rather by pragmatic, discourse-driven factors. Examples: “Tied vagyok.” (“Yours am I.”); “Sívamet andam.” (“My heart I give you.”)
Agglutination. The Carpathian language is agglutinative; that is, longer words are constructed from smaller components. An agglutinating language uses suffixes or prefixes whose meaning is generally unique, and which are concatenated one after another without overlap. In Carpathian, words typically consist of a stem that is followed by one or more suffixes. For example, “sívambam ” derives from the stem “sív ” (“heart”) followed by “am ” (“my,” making it “my heart”), followed by “bam ” (“in,” making it “in my heart”). As you might imagine, agglutination in Carpathian can sometimes produce very long words, or words that are very difficult to pronounce. Vowels often get inserted between suffixes, to prevent too many consonants from appearing in a row (which can make the word unpronouncable).
Noun cases. Like all languages, Carpathian has many noun cases; the same noun will be “spelled” differently depending on its role in the sentence. Some of the noun cases include: nominative (when the noun is the subject of the sentence), accusative (when the noun is a direct object of the verb), dative (indirect object), genitive (or possessive), instrumental, final, supressive, inessive, elative, terminative and delative.
We will use the possessive (or genitive) case as an example, to illustrate how all noun cases in Carpathian involve adding standard suffixes to the noun stems. Thus expressing possession in Carpathian—“my lifemate,” “your lifemate,” “his lifemate,” “her lifemate,” etc.—involves adding a particular suffix (such as “=am”) to the noun stem (“päläfertiil”), to produce the possessive (“päläfertiilam”—“my lifemate”). Which suffix to use depends upon which person (“my,” “your,” “his,” etc.) and whether the noun ends in a consonant or vowel. The following table shows the suffixes for singular nouns only (not plural), and also shows the similarity to the suffixes used in contemporary Hungarian. (Hungarian is actually a little more complex, in that it also requires “vowel rhyming”: which suffix to use also depends on the last vowel in the noun; hence the multiple choices in the cells below, where Carpathian only has a single choice.)
Carpathian (proto-Uralic)
contemporary Hungarian
person
noun ends in vowel
noun ends in consonant
noun ends in vowel
noun ends in consonant
1st singular (my)
-m
-am
-m
-om, -em, -öm
2nd singular (your)
-d
-ad
-d
-od, -ed, -öd
3rd singular (his, her, its)
-ja
-a
-ja/-je
-a, -e
1st plural (our)
-nk
-ank
-nk
-unk, -ünk
2nd plural (your)
-tak
-atak
-otok,-etek, -ötök
3rd plural (their)
-jak
-ak
-juk, -jük
-uk, -ük
Note: As mentioned earlier, vowels often get inserted between the word and its suffix so as to prevent too many consonants from appearing in a row (which would produce unpronouncable words). For example, in the table above, all nouns that end in a consonant are followed by suffixes beginning with “a.”
Verb conjugation. Like its modern descendents (such as Finnish and Hungarian), Carpathian has many verb tenses, far too many to describe here. We will just focus on the conjugation of the present tense. Again, we will place contemporary Hungarian side by side with the Carpathian, because of the marked similarity of the two.
As with the possessive case for nouns, the conjugation of verbs is done by adding a suffix onto the verb stem:
Person
Carpathian (proto-Uralic)
contemporary Hungarian
1st (I give)
-am (andam),-ak
-ok,-ek,-ök
2nd singular (you give)
-sz (andsz)
-sz
3rd singular (he/she/it gives)
—(and)
—
1st plural (we give)
-ak (andak)
-unk,-ünk
2nd plural (you give)
-tak (andtak)
-tok,-tek,-tök
3rd plural (they give)
-nak (andnak)
-nak,-nek
As with all languages, there are many “irregular verbs” in Carpathian that don’t exac
tly fit this pattern. But the above table is still a useful guideline for most verbs.
3. EXAMPLES OF THE CARPATHIAN LANGUAGE
Here are some brief examples of conversational Carpathian, used in the Dark books. We include the literal translation in square brackets. It is interestingly different from the most appropriate English translation.
Susu.
I am home.
[“home/birthplace.” “I am” is understood, as is often the case in Carpathian.]
Möért?
What for?
csitri
little one
[“little slip of a thing”, “little slip of a girl”]
ainaak enyém
forever mine
ainaak sívamet jutta
forever mine (another form)
[“forever to-my-heart connected/fixed”]
sívamet
my love
[“of-my-heart,” “to-my-heart”]
Sarna Rituaali (The Ritual Words) is a longer example, and an example of chanted rather than conversational Carpathian. Note the recurring use of “andam ” (“I give”), to give the chant musicality and force through repetition.
Sarna Rituaali (The Ritual Words)
Te avio päläfertiilam.
You are my lifemate.
[You wedded wife-my. “Are” is understood, as is generally the case in Carpathian when one thing is equated with another: “You-my lifemate.”]
Éntölam kuulua, avio päläfertiilam.
I claim you as my lifemate.
[To-me belong-you, wedded wife-my.]
Ted kuuluak, kacad, kojed.
I belong to you.
[To-you belong-I, lover-your, man/husband/drone-your.]
Élidamet andam.
I offer my life for you.
[Life-my give-I. “you” is understood.]
Pesämet andam.
I give you my protection.
[Nest-my give-I.]
Uskolfertiilamet andam.
I give you my allegiance.
[Fidelity-my give-I.]
Sívamet andam.
I give you my heart.
[Heart-my give-I.]
Sielamet andam.
I give you my soul.
[Soul-my give-I.]
Ainamet andam.
I give you my body.
[Body-my give-I.]
Sívamet kuuluak kaik että a ted.
I take into my keeping the same that is yours.
[To-my-heart hold-I all that-is yours.]
Ainaak olenszal sívambin.
Your life will be cherished by me for all my time.
[Forever will-be-you in-my-heart.]
Te élidet ainaak pide minan.
Your life will be placed above my own for all time.
[Your life forever above mine.]
Te avio päläfertiilam.
You are my lifemate.
[You wedded wife-my.]
Ainaak sívamet jutta oleny.
You are bound to me for all eternity.
[Forever to-my-heart connected are-you.]
Ainaak terád vigyázak.
You are always in my care.
[Forever you I-take-care-of.]
See Appendix 1 for Carpathian healing chants, including both the Kepä Sarna Pus (“The Lesser Healing Chant”) and the En Sarna Pus (“The Great Healing Chant”).
To hear these words pronounced (and for more about Carpathian pronunciation altogether), please visit: http://www.christinefeehan.com/members/.
4. A MUCH ABRIDGED CARPATHIAN DICTIONARY
This very much abridged Carpathian dictionary contains most of the Carpathian words used in these Dark books. Of course, a full Carpathian dictionary would be as large as the usual dictionary for an entire language.
Note: The Carpathian nouns and verbs below are word stems. They generally do not appear in their isolated, “stem” form, as below. Instead, they usually appear with suffixes (e.g., “andam”—“I give,” rather than just the root, “and”).
aina—body
ainaak—forever
akarat—mind; will
ál—bless, attach to
alatt—through
al?—to lift; to raise
and—to give
avaa—to open
avio—wedded
avio päläfertiil—lifemate
bels —within; inside
ća a—to flee; to run; to escape
ćoro—to flow; to run like rain
csitri—little one (female)
ekä—brother
elä—to live
elävä—alive
elävä ainak majaknak—land of the living
elid—life
én—I
en—great, many, big
En Puwe—The Great Tree. Related to the legends of Ygddrasil, the axis mundi, Mount Meru, heaven and hell, etc.
engem—me
eći—to fall
ek—suffix added after a noun ending in a consonant to make it plural
és—and
että—that
fáz—to feel cold or chilly
fertiil—fertile one
fesztelen—airy
fü—herbs; grass
gond—care; worry (noun)
hän—he; she; it
hany—clod; lump of earth
irgalom—compassion; pity; mercy
jälleen—again
jama—to be sick, wounded, or dying; to be near death (verb)
jelä—sunlight; day, sun; light
joma—to be under way; to go
j?orem—to forget; to lose one’s way; to make a mistake
juta—to go; to wander
jüti—night; evening
jutta—connected; fixed (adj.). to connect; to fix; to bind (verb)
k—suffix added after a noun ending in a vowel to make it plural
kaca—male lover
kaik—all (noun)
kaŋa—to call; to invite; to request; to beg
kaŋk—windpipe; Adam’s apple; throat
Karpatii—Carpathian
käsi—hand
kepä—lesser, small, easy, few
kinn—out; outdoors; outside; without
kinta—fog, mist, smoke
koje—man; husband; drone
kola—to die
koma—empty hand; bare hand; palm of the hand; hollow of the hand
kont—warrior
kule—hear
kuly—intestinal worm; tapeworm; demon who possesses and devours souls
kulke—to go or to travel (on land or water)
kuńa—to lie as if asleep; to close or cover the eyes in a game of hide-and-seek; to die
kunta—band, clan, tribe, family
kuulua—to belong; to hold
lamti—lowland; meadow
lamti ból jüti, kinta, ja szelem—the nether world (literally: “the meadow of night, mists, and ghosts”)
lejkka—crack, fissure, split (noun). To cut; hit; to strike forcefully (verb).
lewl—spirit
lewl ma—the other world (literally: “spirit land”). Lewl ma includes lamti ból jüti, kinta, ja szelem: the nether world, but also includes the worlds higher up En Puwe, the Great Tree
löyly—breath; steam. (related to lewl: “spirit”)
ma—land; forest
mäne—rescue; save
me—we
meke—deed; work (noun). To do; to make; to work (verb)
minan—mine
minden—every, all (adj.)
möért?—what for? (exclamation)
molo—to crush; to break into bits
molanâ—to crumble; to fall apart
mozdul—to begin to move, to enter into movement
nä—for
ŋamaŋ—this; this one here
nélkül—without
nenä—anger
nó—like; in the same way as; as
numa—god; sky; top; upper part; highest (related to the English
word: “numinous”)
nyelv—tongue
nyál—saliva; spit (noun). (related to nyelv: “tongue”)
odam—dream; sleep (verb)
oma—old; ancient
omboće—other; second (adj.)
o—the (used before a noun beginning with a consonant)
ot—the (used before a noun beginning with a vowel)
otti—to look; to see; to find
owe—door
pajna—to press
pälä—half; side
päläfertiil—mate or wife
pél—to be afraid; to be scared of
pesä—nest (literal); protection (figurative)
pide—above
pirä—circle; ring (noun). To surround; to enclose (verb).
pitä—keep; hold
piwtä—to follow; to follow the track of game
pukta—to drive away; to persecute; to put to flight
pusm—to be restored to health
pus—healthy; healing
puwe—tree; wood
reka—ecstasy; trance
rituaali—ritual
sa e—to arrive; to come; to reach
salama—lightning; lightning bolt