Cool-season grasses, 159
Corner posts for fences, 37, 38
Correction factor for forage quantity, 178
“Costing out” (depreciation), 147, 151
Cost of production, 149–50, 150
Crop description for forage budget, 164
Crossbred, 44
CSA (Consumer Supported Agriculture), 6, 107, 126
Cud chewing, 66
Cultivating pastures, 31, 31–32
Cured meats, 130
Current status criteria for matrix analysis, 111
Customer criteria for matrix analysis, 111
Custom slaughter plants, 119
Cutting orders, 129, 129–30
Daily intake (DI), 183
Daily records (journal), 62, 176–77
Deep bedding, 74–75
Deer, exotic animal, 45
Deflation, 147
Delivery of newborns, 96–97, 97
Depreciation “costing out,” 147, 151
Desens, Ron and Mindy, 106
Destocking, 181
DI (daily intake), 183
Diarrhea (scours), 88, 90–92
Dicotyledons (two-leaved) plants, 27, 27
Digestion, 62, 63–66, 64–66. See also Feeds and feeding
Direction and speed of animal, controlling, 57
Direct-marketing. See Niche marketing
Direct-marketing beef scenario, 119–21, 120–21
Discharge from nose, mouth, ears, eyes, 88
Disposition problems in training and handling, 54
Diversity
breeds and genetic diversity, 43–47, 44
of grasses and legumes, 159–60, 180
DMD (dry-matter disappearance), 180
Domestication, 42–43, 43
Dominant alleles, 47
Droughts, 181
Dry-matter disappearance (DMD), 180
Dry matter of feed, 61, 62
Economy feeding, 68
Ecosystem processes, 9–13, 9–13, 13, 16, 16
Eggs and ovulation, 94–95, 96
Electric wire fences, 33, 34, 35
Electrolytes, 90, 92
Elevation lines of topographic maps, 169
Elk, exotic animal, 45
Embryo, 96
Emotions and senses of animals, 50–52, 51, 54
Emus, exotic animal, 45
Energy
cycle (food chain), 9–10, 9–10, 26
in feed, 61, 62
level and health, 86–88
Energy/money source and use, holistic guideline, 139–40
Energy needs and forage supply, matching, 160–61, 161
Enterprise analysis, 184
Environment versus heredity, 49
Enzymes as illness defense, 85
Epistatic genes, 48
Equipment rental, 25
Equity, 146, 146
Equivalents, 210
Erosion condition, 186
Escherichia coli (K-99), 90
Estrus cycle, 95, 96
Ethnic markets, 108
Eviscerating poultry, 133, 133
Example farms. See Black; Jones; Miller; Wilson
Executive branch of government, 118
Exotic animals defined, 44
mail order for marketing, 109
red deer operation, 122
restraint of, 98
salvage value of, 45
Expenses, budgeting, 148–49, 151, 153
“Experiments in Plant Hybridization” (Mendel), 47
Facilities
ammonia fumes, 74–75
animals, overview, 189–200
buildings, 72–75, 73–74
deep bedding, 74–75
grain storage, 78
handling facilities, 75–77, 77
hay storage, 78, 78
holding pens, 76–77, 77
inspections, 73
pest control tips, 75
resources, 206–9
sacrifice areas, 77
sanitation, 74–75
storage of feed, 77–79, 78
tools needed, 78
and training and handling problems, 54
ventilation, 74, 74
veterinary supplies storage, 78–79, 91
windbreaks, 75, 76
Factory farm, fighting, 124–25
Family
farm niche, 105–6
goals of holistic management, 19
salaries, budgeting, 151
Farm*A*Syst, 136–37
Farmers
consumer’s food dollar, share of, 2, 3
conventional markets, disadvantage in, 101–2
markets, niche marketing from, 106–7
numbers, change in, 3, 4
Farmer’s Legal Action Group, 123
Farm planning. See also Biological planning; Black (example farm); Financial planning; Holistic management model; Jones (example farm); Miller (example farm); Monitoring; Wilson (example farm)
biological planning, 137
calculations, 144, 210
cash conversion, 138
cause and effect guideline, 138
or common sense, 140–42
and computers, 142
energy/money source and use guideline, 139–40
financial planning, 137
“free money,” 140
gross profit analysis guideline, 139, 139, 151, 154
holistic guidelines, 16, 16, 25, 137–40, 139
marginal reaction guideline, 139, 154
need for, 136–37, 140–42
as a process, 137
product conversion, 138
resources, 206–9
society and culture guideline, 140
sustainability guideline, 138
testing guidelines, 25, 137–40, 139
weakest link, determining, 138
weak link guideline, 138
Farms. See also Farm planning
fields to pasture conversion, 32, 205
niche marketing from, 105–6
visits and marketing, 108–9, 109
Fats in feed, 62
Fecal test kits, 87
Feeds and feeding
animal body’s composition, 63
animals, overview, 189–200
for babies, 70, 70–71
balanced ration, 61
bloat in ruminants, 66, 92
bottle-feeding, 70
carbohydrates, 62, 159
cecum, 64, 65
cellulose, 62
colostrum, importance of, 71, 86, 88
composition of feed, 60, 62, 62–63, 63, 201–2
concentrate, 61
concrete stock tanks, 60, 61
cud chewing, 66
digestion, 62, 63–66, 64–66
dry matter of feed, 61, 62
economy feeding, 68
energy in feed, 61, 62
fats and fatty substances, 62
feedstuff, 61
fermentation, 64–66, 64–66
fiber in feed, 61, 62
forage (roughage), 61
freezing climate and water tanks, 60
grass, 27–28, 28
lignins, 62
maintenance rations, 67
milk replacers, 70
mineral matter (ash) of feed, 60, 62, 63
mixing feed, square method, 203–4, 203–4
moldy feed, 68, 70, 78
monogastric fermenters, 64, 64 mycotoxins, 70
for “natural” products, 104
organic matter of feed, 60, 62, 62 phytotoxins, 70
poisonous plants, 68–70, 69
postgastric fermenters, 64, 64
pregastric fermenters (ruminants), 64, 64–65, 65–66, 92
proteins, 61, 62–63, 63, 159
pseudoruminants, 64
ration of feed, 61
requirements, 66–68
resources, 206–9
reticulum, 65
square method for mixing, 203�
��4, 203–4
standards for livestock, 190, 192, 194, 196, 198, 200
stock tanks, 60
supplements, 61, 63
total digestible nutrients (TDN), 61
vitamins, 63
waste feeds, 68
water, 59–60, 61
work level, feeding for, 65
Feedstuff, 61
Female reproduction, 94–95, 95, 96
Fence charger, 35, 35–36, 36
Fencing, 33–38, 34, 35, 36, 37–38, 209
Fermentation, 64–66, 64–66
Fertilization of egg, 96
Fertilizing pastures, 28, 162–63
Fiber in feed, 61, 62
Fiber posts for fences, 37
Field contamination from sprays, 82
Field description for forage budget, 164
Financial planning. See also Monitoring
anticipation of future profits, 147
appreciation of land, 147
assets, 145, 146, 146, 148, 210
balance sheets, 145–46, 146
balance sheets, current and lowest value, 147–48
break-even point, 150
calculations, 210
cost of production, 149–50, 150
defined, 137
deflation, 147
depreciation “costing out,” 147, 151
details in budgeting, 148, 151
developing a plan, 149, 150–53, 152–53, 156–57
equity, 146, 146
expenses, budgeting, 148–49, 151, 153
family salaries, budgeting, 151
fixed costs, 149, 150, 150, 151, 152
gross profit test for enterprises, 139, 139, 151, 154
income budgeting, 148–49, 151, 152
inflation, 147
interest and payments calculation, 210
inventory items, 151
land, 147–48
land rich, cash poor, 146
liabilities, 145–46, 146
lowest value, balance sheet based on, 147–48
monitoring money, 154, 156–57
negative equity, 146
nonagricultural pressures and land prices, 147
opportunity cost of assets, 148, 210
owning land versus renting land, 147, 184
profit, 5, 150, 150, 210
renting land versus owning land, 147, 184
resources, 206–9
safe earnings, 148
scope of, 145
variable costs, 149, 150, 150
variations from budget, taking action, 154
zero-based budgeting, 148–49, 149
Fire, as holistic management tool, 20
Fixed costs, 149, 150, 150, 151, 152
Flea markets, niche marketing from, 106–7
Flight zone of animal, 55, 56
Flint Land and Cattle Company, 122
Flyer advertising, 108, 108, 109
Fondiler, Lanie, 67
Food chain (energy cycle), 9–10, 9–10, 26
Forage (roughage)
budgets, estimating, 163–68, 164–65, 166–67
defined, 61
livestock energy needs and forage supply, 160–61, 161
quality, 159–60, 178
quantity, 177–78
Forage production (FP), 164, 164, 210
Forage requirements (FR), 165, 166–67, 210
Forage Systems Research Center, 159, 161
FP (forage production), 164, 164, 210
FR (forage requirements), 165, 166–67, 210
Frantzen, Tom and Irene, 19
Freeman, Laura, 103
“Free money,” 140
Freezing climate and water tanks, 60
Freezing meat and “keepability,” 134
Frost seeding pastures, 31, 31
Future resources, holistic management goal, 18
Futures markets, 102, 102
Galvanized versus aluminum wire, 34, 35
Geese as weeders, 33
Gemini Golden Guernsey Milk, 109
Genetics, breeding, training. See also Health and reproduction
alleles, 47–48, 48
animals, overview, 189–200
bifocal vision, 51, 51
blind spots in vision, 51, 51–52
breeding and genetics, 47–50, 48, 49–50
breeds and genetic diversity, 43–47, 44
crossbred, 44
direction and speed, controlling, 57
disposition problems in training and handling, 54
domestication, 42–43, 43
dominant alleles, 47
emotions and senses of animals, 50–52, 51, 54
epistatic genes, 48
exotic animals, 44, 45, 98, 122
facility problems in training and handling, 54
flight zone of animal, 55, 56
genomes, 48–49
grade animals, 44, 58
grafting orphans, 54
handler problems in training and handling, 54
hearing in animals, 52
heredity versus environment, 49
hybrid vigor, 44
loose animals, gathering, 56–57, 57
minor breeds and small-scale farms, 44, 46–47, 58
monofocal vision, 51, 51
moving group forward when herding, 57
papered (registered) animals, 44
pheromones, 52
point of balance of animal, 56, 56
pressure zone of animal, 55–56, 56
purchasing livestock, 57–58
purebred animals, 44
recessive alleles, 47
registered animals, 44
reputable farmers, buying livestock from, 58
resources, 206–9
salvage value of animal, 45, 58
touch and smell in animals, 52, 54
training and handling, 54–57, 56–57
training to eat, 55
vision in animals, 50–52, 51
young animals, purchasing, 58
Genomes, 48–49
Genotype, 162
Georgia Deer Law, 122
Gerrish, Jim, 178
Gestation or incubation, 95, 96, 96
Gladin, Susan, 86–87
GL (grass length) of sward, 179–80
Goats