25 “Felix! Felix!”: Purishkevich, 106.
26 “He’s alive!”: ibid.
27 “I will tell …”: ibid.
28 “I fired. The night …”: ibid.
29 “In my frenzy …”: Yusupov, 231.
30 “People kissed each other …”: Paléologue Memoirs, 20 December 1916, in Maylunas, 508.
31 “A patrolman standing …”: Vyrubova, 179.
32 “I cannot, and won’t …”: Alexandra to Nicholas II, 17 December/30 December 1916, in Maylunas, 493.
33 “[They] sat on …”: Mordvinov Memoirs, ibid., 507.
Chapter Twelve
1 “My dear martyr …”: Paléologue, III: 136.
2 “He listened to me …”: Kokovtsov, 478–479.
3 “The Emperor’s words …”: Paléologue, III: 151–152.
4 “It seems the empress …”: ibid., III: 140–141.
5 “These exhausted mothers …”: Reports of the Petrograd Okhrana to the Special Section of the Police, 2 January/26 February 1917, GARF. “lunatic asylum,” “poisonous atmosphere,” and “profound despondency and fear”: Paléologue, III: 164.
6 “hungry revolt” and “the most savage excesses”: Addendum to Reports of the Petrograd Okhrana to the Special Section of the Police, 26 January/8 February 1917, GARF.
7 “To prevent a catastrophe …”: Kerensky, Crucifixion, 261.
8 “That’s not true …”: Alexander, Grand Duke of Russia, 283–284.
9 “It’s enough to drive …”: Alexander Mikhailovich to Nikolai Mikhailovich, 14 February/27 February 1917, in Maylunas, 530.
10 “Daite khleb—Give us bread!”: Steinberg, 47.
11 “I will miss …”: Nicholas II to Alexandra, 23 February 1917, Letters of the Tsar, 313.
12 “Down with the war” and “Down with the tsar.”: Fige, 310.
13 “Don’t worry. We …”: Massie, Nicholas and Alexandra, 400.
14 “My brain is …”: Nicholas II to Alexandra, 24 Februrary/9 March 1917, Letters of the Tsar, 315.
15 “Down with the …”: Ferro, Russian Revolution, 28.
16 “I command you …”: Steinberg, 50.
17 “It’s a hooligan …”: Alexandra to Nicholas II, 25 February/10 March 1917, ibid., 73.
18 “Fire!” and “aim for the heart”: Ferro, Russian Revolution, 29.
19 “The hungry, unemployed …”: Michael Rodzianko to Nicholas II, 26 February/11 March 1917, in Steinberg, 76.
20 “That fat …”: Steinberg, 50.
21 “the same wide streets …”: Meriel Buchanan, 164.
22 “It looked as if …”: Paléologue, III: 217.
23 “I see …”: Bulygin, 78.
24 “Sire, do not …”: Gelardi, 254.
25 “a motley, exuberant …”: Massie, Nicholas and Alexandra, 404–405.
26 “Can I say …”: Pares, 449–451.
27 “Comrades! I speak …”: Trotsky, Diary, 201.
28 “their petty notions …”: Shipside, 63.
29 “Leave tomorrow …”: Nicholas II to Alexandra, 27 February/9 March 1917, in Steinberg, 83.
Chapter Thirteen
1 “Petrograd is in …”: Dehn, 149.
2 “When a house …”: Gilliard, 211.
3 “Drunken soldiers …”: Kurth, 144.
4 “We shall not …”: Dehn, 151.
5 “It’s just like …”: ibid., 153.
6 “How astonished …”: ibid., 158.
7 “The train is …”: ibid.
8 “Address of person …”: Vyrubova, 209.
9 “I’m beginning …”: Dehn, 158.
10 “My sailors …”: ibid., 162.
11 “I must not …”: ibid.
12 “His Majesty …”: Bulygin, 90–92.
13 “I have decided …”: ibid., 93.
14 “For the sake …”: ibid., 94.
15 “Down with the dynasty!” and “Long live the Republic!”: Paléologue, III: 238.
16 “I have decided …”: Bulygin, 94.
17 “The entire city …”: Poole, 53.
18 “Haven’t you understood …”: Fige, 379.
19 “The church was full …”: ibid., 346.
20 “What will become of us?”: ibid.
21 “Our [village] burst …”: ibid., 347.
22 “It’s all lies!”: Alexandrov, 141.
23 “God and the army …”: ibid.
24 “the study door …”: Dehn, 165.
25 “Abdiqué …”: ibid.
Chapter Fourteen
1 “I am going …”: Gilliard, 214.
3 “like survivors …”: Vyrubova, 218.
4 “No longer was …”: Welch, 55.
5 “My beloved, Soul …”: Kurth, 149.
6 “He sobbed like …”: Vyrubova, 212.
7 “like a schoolboy …”: Kurth, 157.
8 “plenty of [hours] …”: ibid., 156.
9 “A pleasant thought”: ibid.
10 “Too many hard …”: Bulygin, 123.
11 “What an appetizing …”: Kurth, 161.
12 “Don’t call me …”: Dehn, 199.
13 “Well, this may …”: ibid.
14 “It is necessary …”: Kurth, 161.
15 “It’s staggering!”: Volkogonov, 106.
16 “We renounce the …”: Fige, 357.
17 “shameless imperialist slaughter …”: Trotsky, History, I: 309.
18 “We don’t need …”: Fischer, 128.
19 “That is raving.”: Trotsky, History, I: 310.
20 “a hopeless failure.”: Paléologue, III: 302.
21 “drive to power.”: Volkogonov, 222.
22 “Bread, peace, land …”: ibid., 231.
23 “a curious, hypnotic power”: Fige, 392.
24 “[Lenin] was followed …”: ibid.
25 “several guards even …”: Gilliard, 229.
26 “Down with the …”: Massie, Nicholas and Alexandra, 466.
27 “It is clear …”: Fige, 429.
28 “The Bolsheviks are …”: Bulygin, Pares in introduction, np.
29 “I chose Tobolsk …”: ibid., 120.
30 “Start packing …”: ibid., 121.
31 “Where are we …”: ibid.
32 “For your safety …”: ibid.
33 “Only five or six …”: ibid., 128.
34 “Behave like gentlemen …”: Massie, Nicholas and Alexandra, 469.
35 “What shall the future …”: Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 302.
36 “weeping copiously”: Bulygin, 130.
37 “she wept and worried …”: ibid.
Chapter Fifteen
1 “arranged all quite cozily.”: Olga Nikolaevna to Anna Vyrubova, 10 December/23 December 1917, in Vyrubova, 309.
2 “We were all amazed …”: Kurth, 171.
3 “very fat …”: Alexandra to Anna Vyrubova, 15 December/28 December 1917, in Vyrubova, 316.
4 “The whole day …”: Alexis Diary, 7 January/20 January 1918, in Maylunas, 601.
5 “Everything is the same!”: Alexis Diary, 18 January/31 January 1918, ibid.
6 “Boring!!!!”: ibid.
7 “It’s still boring.”: Alexis Diary, 22 January/4 February 1918, ibid.
8 “He absolutely pounced …”: Welch, 66.
9 “extremely … cheerful …”: Trewin, 72.
10 “got[ten] much thinner …”: ibid.
11 “you could hardly find …”: ibid., 73.
12 “She liked Tobolsk …”: ibid., 74.
13 “short and stout …”: ibid.
14 “rarely did what …”: ibid.
15 “Week by week …”: Reed, 11.
16 “History will not …”: Andrews, 59.
17 “I had never seen …”: Kurth, 174.
18 “in the hope …”: Gilliard, 243–244.
19 “a war to the …”: Burleigh, 84.
20 “smelled of print
er’s ink …”: Paustovsky, 506.
21 “This is how …”: Smith, 16.
22 “I’ve spent all my life …”: Hosking, 31.
23 “former people”: Rendle, 203.
24 “former landowners, capitalists …”: ibid.
25 “For centuries, our fathers …”: Leon Trotsky as quoted in “Revolution: Russia: Area of Study 2: Creating a New Society,” np.
26 “Where are the …”: Bainton, 197.
27 “We often take …”: Tatiana to Peter Petrov, 26 January/11 March 1918, in Steinberg, 202.
28 “Soldiers’ rations.”: Steinberg, 178.
29 “We held a ‘sitting’ …”: Gilliard, 255.
30 “became cruder …”: Nicholas II to Grand Duchess Xenia, 7 January/20 January 1918, in Steinberg, 218.
31 “To stop us …”: Nicholas II Diary, 20 February/5 March 1918, in Maylunas, 604.
32 “The children are disconsolate”: Gilliard, 255.
33 “pack of blackguardly-looking …”: ibid.
34 “filthy, stupid, crude …”: Gilliard testimony of 5–6 March 1919, Houghton Library, Harvard University, Sokolov Archive, vol. 2: document 55.
35 “It is obvious …”: ibid.
36 “a great inconvenience”: Kurth, 177.
37 “I should like …”: Alexandra to Anna Vyrubova, 30 March/12 April 1918, in Maylunas, 611.
38 “developed a pain …”: Nicholas II Diary, 30 March/12 April 1918, in Maylunas, 610.
39 “an awful internal …”: Alexandra to Anna Vyrubova, 30 March/12 April 1918, ibid.
40 “He is frightfully …”: ibid., 611.
41 “It is such …”: Gilliard, 257.
42 “To think …”: Bulygin, 202.
43 “Everything is in …”: Nicholas II Diary, 9 March/22 March 1918, in Maylunas, 608.
44 “The yellow-complexioned …”: Inspection of Freedom House, 23 April/6 May 1918, in Steinberg, 238.
45 “Only principal part …”: Negotiations by telegraph between Yakovlev and Moscow, 24 April/7 May 1918, GARF.
46 “Removal [of] principal …”: Negotiations by telegraph between Moscow and Yakovlev, 24 April/7 May 1918, GARF.
47 “I must tell you …”: Kobylinksy Deposition in Wilton, 205.
48 “I refuse to go”: Bulygin, 208.
49 “Then I must …”: ibid.
50 “You want to tear …”: King and Wilson, Fate, 85.
51 “Like an animal …”: ibid.
52 “I can’t let the tsar …”: Gilliard, 260–261.
53 “Mother, something …”: Gilliard, 261.
54 “would take great care of …”: ibid.
55 “too young to be …”: Kurth, 180.
56 “an angel …”: ibid.
57 “God won’t allow …”: Bykov, 68.
58 “[They] gazed …”: Kurth, 181.
Chapter Sixteen
1 “sadness … descended …”: Volkov, np.
2 “These days …”: Anastasia to Marie, 24 April/7 May 1918, in Steinberg, 302.
3 “Why Ekaterinburg?”: Kobylinksy Deposition in Wilton, 207.
4 “finishing off …”: Steinberg, 186.
5 “I consider it …”: Negotiations by telegraph between Yakovlev and officials on transfer of Nicholas II to Ekaterinburg, 29 April/12 May 1918, in Steinberg, 252.
6 “It is not clear …”: Marie to Olga Nikolaevich, 18 April/1 May 1918, in Steinberg, 298.
7 “right snake …”: Kurth, 188.
8 “a strict prison”: ibid.
9 “We get nasty surprises …”: Marie to Olga Nikolaevich, 27 April/10 May 1918, in Steinberg, 304.
10 “Your soldiers would …”: ibid.
11 “If you do not …”: ibid.
12 “Are you Olga …”: Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 336.
13 “Darling, you must …”: Olga Nikolaevna to Anna Vyrubova, nd, May 1918, GARF.
14 “We feel …”: Gilliard, 264–265.
15 “In our thoughts …”: Anastasia to Marie, 24 April/7 May 1918, in Steinberg, 302.
16 “The rooms are empty”: King and Wilson, Fate, 137.
17 “Life down there …”: Tegleva testimony of 5–6 March 1913, Houghton Library, Harvard University, Sokolov Archive, vol. 5: document 36.
18 “I cannot describe …”: Buxhoeveden, Left Behind, 75.
19 “Look! [The tsar] …”: ibid.
20 “Death to the tyrant!”: ibid.
21 “The dresses … of wanton …”: ibid.
22 “Down with them …”: ibid.
23 “a tragic symphony …”: King and Wilson, Fate, 145.
24 “Nagorny the sailor …”: Gilliard, 269–270.
25 “It [always] looks …”: Nicholas II Diary, 15 May/28 May 1918, in Maylunas, 622.
26 “hot and stuffy”: Nicholas II Diary, 22 May/4 June 1918, ibid., 627.
27 “cosy”: Marie to Olga Nikolaevna, 22 April/5 May 1918, in Maylunas, 618. “Nicholas the Blood-Drinker”: Massie, Nicholas and Alexandra, 509.
28 “are original …”: Nicholas II Diary, 25 April/8 May 1918, in Maylunas, 620.
29 “money”: King and Wilson, Fate, 122.
30 “all kinds of mistakes …”: Strekotin, Statement, 1934, np.
31 “In my opinion …”: Kurth, 190.
32 “The shoes [you have] on …”: Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 342.
33 “insisted on changing …”: King and Wilson, Fate, 161.
34 “astronomical!” and “a little work …”: ibid.
35 “[I] could find no …”: ibid.
36 “Comrade Laundry Teacher …”: ibid.
37 “[he] proved rather clever …”: ibid.
38 “excellent”: Alexandra Diary, 18 June/1 July 1918, GARF.
39 “Hugged him to” and “Being a child …”: Strekotin, Statement, 1934.
40 “It [is] unbearable …”: Krustalev, XLI.
41 “Why?”: Nicholas II Diary, 14 May/27 May 1918 in Steinberg, 324.
42 “everyone had a chance …”: Strekotin, Statement, 1934, np.
43 “passed some sleepless …”: ibid.
44 “There is nothing …”: ibid.
45 “stuck up and stupid”: King and Wilson, Fate, 238.
46 “There was something …”: Strekotin, Statement, 1934, np.
47 “We’re so bored!”: King and Wilson, Fate, 240.
48 “Don’t try to …”: ibid.
49 “pretending fright …”: ibid.
50 “everyone relaxed more …”: ibid.
51 “Our dear Marie is …”: Nicholas II Diary, 14 June/27 June 1918, in Maylunas, 632.
Chapter Seventeen
1 “Today there was …”: Nicholas II Diary, 21 June/4 July 1918, in Maylunas, 633.
2 “Because of …”: ibid.
3 “dark gentleman”: Kurth, 193.
4 “It was left to me …”: King and Wilson, Fate, 258.
5 “all obedience …”: ibid., 257.
6 “Always fright[ened] …”: Alexandra Diary, 28 June/11 July 1918, in Steinberg, 333.
7 “Constantly hear …”: Alexandra Diary, 29 June/12 July 1918, ibid., 334. “liquidated”: Yurovsky’s Account of the Execution of the Tsar, 1 February 1934, in Steinberg, 357.
8 “It has to be said …”: Yurovsky’s Note on the Execution, 1920, in Maylunas, 633.
9 “Everything is the same”: The Guard’s Duty Log Book, 30 June/13 July 1918, GARF.
10 “Baby … managed …”: Alexandra Diary, 30 June/13 July 1918, in Steinberg, 334.
11 “Today we have absolutely …”: Nicholas II Diary, 30 June/12 July 1918, in Maylunas, 633.
12 “gave the impression …”: Testimony of Father Storozhev in King and Wilson, Fate, 275–276.
13 “With the saints …”: Keating, 146.
14 “were spirited …”: Testimony of Eudokia Semyonova in King and Wilson, Fate, 277–278.
15 “a giant among men”: ibid.
16 “They were not gods …”:
ibid.
17 “It’s been decided …”: ibid., 290.
18 “to be in a state …”: ibid., 291.
19 “arranging [their] medicines”: Alexandra Diary, 3 July/16 July 1918, in Maylunas, 634.
20 “the execution …”: Trotsky, Diary, 213.
21 “anything out of …”: King and Wilson, Fate, 280.
22 “[They] said they …”: ibid., 300.
23 “complaining about the murders”: ibid.
24 “15 degrees”: Alexandra Diary, 3 July/16 July 1918, in Maylunas, 634.
25 “Everyone [must] …”: Yurovsky’s Account of the Execution, 17 February 1934, in Steinberg, 356.
26 “all skin and bones”: King and Wilson, Fate, 304.
27 “they smiled naturally …”: ibid.
28 “They still did not imagine …”: Yurovsky’s Account of the Execution,
29 17 February 1934, in Steinberg, 348.
30 “None of the members …”: Interrogation of Pavel Medvedev, 21–22 February 1919, in Steinberg, 348.
31 “Well, we’re going …”: Testimony of Peter Ermakov in Halliburton, 135. “What, there isn’t …”: Yurovsky’s Note on the Execution, 1920, in Steinberg, 352.
32 “Please, you stand here …”: Massie, Romanovs, 5.
33 “They [still] had no idea …”: Yurovsky’s Note on the Execution, 1920, in Steinberg, 352.
34 “with a flash …”: King and Wilson, Fate, 306.
35 “In light of the fact …”: Yurovsky’s Note on the Execution, 1920, in Steinberg, 352.
36 “Lord, oh, my God …”: King and Wilson, Fate, 306.
37 “So we’re not …”: ibid.
38 “I can’t understand …”: ibid.
39 “What? What?”: Yurovsky’s Note on the Execution, 1920, in Steinberg, 352.
40 “This!”: King and Wilson, Fate, 306.
41 “jumped about …”: Yurovsky’s Note on the Execution, 1920, in Steinberg, 353.
Chapter Eighteen
1 “The … Soviet passed …”: King and Wilson, Fate, 338.
2 “the world will never …”: Bulygin, 239.
3 “received the news …”: Lockhart, 304.
4 “missing Romanovs”: Fige, 641.
5 “But the children …”: Gilliard, 277.
6 “I could not believe …”: ibid., 275.
7 “The houses looked …”: Goldman, 8–9.
8 “Comrade Stalin … has concentrated …”: Clarkson, 566.