Saturday Evening Post, 235
Saturday Review, 53
Saudi Arabia, 361
SAWS (Small Arms Weapons Systems) test, 293–94, 303
SAWs (squad automatic weapons), 363n, 378n, 442n
SCAR, 20
Scherer, Theodor, 164
Schmeisser, Hugo, 202
and AK-47 design and development, 152, 192, 207–8, 433n
automatic rifle of, 139, 163–64, 207–8, 254
Schnitzler, Karl-Edvard von, 348
Schreiber, Kurt, 246–47
Schurovo, see NIPSMVO
SCHV (small-caliber, high-velocity) rounds, 276–77, 353, 438n
Scientific American, 109
Semin, Boris, 166
September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, 11, 396
Serbia, 12, 367–68, 399
Serov, Ivan, 238
SG-43, 206
Shirayev, Dmitri, 207–8
Shooting Times, 297–98
Sierra Leone, 370–71
Simelius, Sakari, 249
Simonov, Sergei Gavrilovich, 160
Kalashnikov’s submachine gun designs and, 183–84
semiautomatic rifle of, 155, 184, 186, 217
Sinia Brigade, 372
Sioux, 58–61
Sitting Bull, 58–61
Six Day War, 12, 341, 444n
Skerrett, J. S., 30
Skoda machine gun, 109
SKS (Samozaryadny Karabin Sistemy Simonova), 155, 184, 187, 217
Small Arms Weapons Systems (SAWS) test, 293–94, 303
small-caliber, high velocity (SCHV) rounds, 276–77, 353, 439n
Smith & Wesson, 41
Smithsonian Institution, 150, 194–95
smokeless propellants, 74, 92, 122, 135, 196
sniper rifles, snipers, 385
ammunition of, 3, 161–62, 166n
of Dragunov, 16, 166n, 244, 364, 436n
pilfering and illegal transfer of, 370
in World War I, 121, 123, 125, 135
Sokolov, Yury M., 243
Sokolovsky, Tuvia, 350
Somme, Battle of the, 131–35, 137, 164–65
Sovetsky Voin, 211n
Soviet-Afghan War, 10–11, 13, 381, 383, 412
Soviet Rifles and Carbines, Identification and Operation, 256
Soviet Union, 1–9, 141–61, 174–86, 206–24, 351–54, 356–62
and AK-47’s design and development, 3–8, 145–46, 148–54, 207, 269, 292, 308, 360, 433n, 435n
AK-47’s precursors and, 155
AK-47’s publicity and, 211n
and AK-47’s testing and demonstrations, 3, 199, 287, 290, 294–95
AK-74 and, 353
and AK and AK-type rifle production and distribution, 3–4, 12, 185–86, 190, 192, 194–95, 201–3, 207–8, 219–20, 227–28, 246–47, 249–50, 259, 265, 268, 273, 309–10, 340–42, 349, 353–54, 357–59, 361, 364–65, 407–10, 412, 435n, 441n, 444n
AKM and, 353, 359–60
AK rifle’s symbolism and, 14, 385
and alleged secrecy about Kalashnikov, 401–2
and ammunition of automatic rifles, 165–66
atomic bomb tested by, 1–3
collapse of, 152, 190, 207, 220, 365–66, 369, 371, 398, 401, 403–4, 406n, 433n
collectivization in, 1, 156, 171–72, 177, 354, 405
contests for military equipment designs in, 144–47, 150–54, 158–61
European satellites of, 214–15, 218–23, 237, 245, 273, 342, 348, 365, 368
family of arms built around AK-47 by, 242–43
foreign policy of, 159, 201–4, 213–24, 226, 237–43, 248, 250, 255–56, 265, 342–43, 348, 356–57, 361–62, 365, 368, 380–81, 399, 407, 436n
German invasion of, 4, 146, 155–57, 159, 164–65, 168–69, 176–80, 182, 185, 199, 209, 238, 343, 358
Germany occupied by, 159
Kalashnikov’s awards and honors in, 209–11
Kalashnikov’s education and, 174
Kalashnikov’s legacy and, 405
Kalashnikov’s official biography and, 7, 176–83, 190, 195, 210
Kalashnikov’s public duties and, 401–3
Kalashnikov’s social persecution and, 244–45
Kalashnikov’s submachine gun designs and, 181–82
legacy of, 152–53, 413
M-16 and, 353
NIPSMVO and, 143–44, 345–46
nuclear programs of, 1–5, 148, 203, 359–60, 407–8
October Revolution and, 156, 168, 170, 193, 351
and pilfering and illegal weapons transfers, 366–67
propaganda in, 7, 9, 17–19, 150, 156, 176–79, 188, 190–91, 195, 211–12, 404n
and purchase prices of AK rifles, 383
purges in, 156, 159, 168, 210, 212–13, 348
reliability of historical sources in, 7, 17–19, 429n
U.S. arms race with, 153, 169, 253–54, 256, 259, 272–73, 276, 353
weapons manufacturing in, 153, 157–59, 167–69, 352–53
weapons standardization of, 203–4, 214–15, 249, 364–65
World War II and, 4, 143–44, 146, 153, 155–59, 164–66, 168–69, 174–83, 185, 199, 202, 209, 212, 214, 221, 224, 238, 280, 343, 358, 436n
see also Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic
Spain, 53, 89–90, 384n
Spanish-American War, 92–97, 107–8, 117, 228–30, 424n
ammunition testing and, 229–30
casualties in, 95, 230
Gatling guns in, 90, 92–93, 95–97, 228, 252
SPIW (Special Purpose Individual Weapon), 272, 290, 296
sporting rifles, 399
Springfield rifles:
ammunition of, 60, 166–67, 169–70
M1903, 252–53, 271n
Model 1873, 60
stockpiling of, 355
“Spring Offensive, The” (Owen), 136
squad automatic weapons (SAWs), 363n, 378n, 442n
Srebrenica, 220
Stasi, 247–48
Stage (Statistical Corporation), 246
Stakhanov, Aleksei, 403
Stalin, Joseph, 1–6, 18, 144, 146–48, 153–54, 156–60, 169–71, 185–86, 206, 210–13, 219n, 348–49, 356, 407–8
agricultural policies of, 171
and AK-47’s design and development, 5–6, 154, 158, 160, 201–3, 341
and AK-47’s production and distribution, 3–4, 8, 201–3, 216
AK-47’s symbolism and, 14, 341
contests for military equipment designs of, 158, 160
criticisms of, 19, 244–45
death of, 192, 212, 217, 221, 343
Hungarian policy and, 221–22, 226
Kalashnikov on, 212–13, 405
Kalashnikov’s social persecution and, 245
personality cult of, 156, 182, 213, 244–45
purges of, 159, 168, 210, 212–13, 348
Soviet atomic bomb test and, 1–2
submachine gun and, 168
World War II and, 146, 153, 156–57, 168, 175–76, 185, 212, 358
State Department, U.S., 368, 413
Statistical Corporation (Stage), 246
Sten gun, 258, 355
Stewart, Herbert, 78–81
Stockfisch, Jacob, 305
Stoner, Eugene, 275–77, 404, 444n
AR-15 and, 276–77, 292–93
Stoner 63, 292–93
sturmgewehr, 164–67, 187, 199, 200, 207, 249–50, 253–54, 257, 384n
submachine guns, 3, 163, 179–85, 256–58, 363n
and AK-47’s design and development, 145
AK-47’s precursors and, 155
ammunition of, 139, 165, 168–69, 181, 228–29, 233–35
in Hungarian revolution, 219
Kalashnikov’s designs for, 181–84
Soviet Army and, 168–69, 180–82, 184–85, 187–88, 199, 249, 357
Soviet production of, 157, 168
stockpiling of, 355
U.S. laws on, 236
in World War I, 228, 2
33, 236
in World War II, 168–69, 179–80, 182, 185
see also automatic and assault rifles; specific submachine guns
Sudan, Sudanese, 371–73
and AK-type rifle production and distribution, 13, 377, 387
British reconquest of, 97, 102, 124
in fighting at Omdurman, 97–102
Islamic rebellion in, 78–81
LRA and, 372–73, 376–77, 380, 387
Sudayev, Aleksei I., 155–56, 186–87, 192
Suhl, 139, 163, 246–48
Sullivan, George, 274
Supreme Soviet, 148, 158, 211–12, 344
Surikov, Colonel, 195
Suslov, Mikhail, 223
Sutherland, Thomas A., 62
SVD (Snaiperskaya Vintovka Dragunova), 16, 166n, 244, 364, 436n
Svirnov, Sergei, 360
Sweden, 51, 86, 89, 355
Switzerland, 246, 400
Symon, Robert R., 76
systems analysis, 271, 288, 296
T
T44, 276
Tabuk, 11, 16
Tajikistan, 366
Talbott, William H., 47
Taliban, 380, 386, 388, 396
Tanga, battle of, 119–21, 426n
Tanzania, 119, 356
Taubin, Yakov G., 158–59
Taylor, Charles, 370–71
Tchaikovsky, Pyotr, 403
terminal ballistics, 199–200, 284, 288, 439n
terrorists, terrorism, 27, 191, 365, 384–85
and AK and AK-type rifle production and distribution, 5, 9–11, 13, 203, 268, 338–40, 349–52, 361, 380, 408–10, 413
in Beslan, 340, 385
Israelis targeted by, 339, 340n, 349–52, 358, 443n
at Munich Olympics, 337–40, 350–52, 443n
on September 11, 2001, 11, 396
and symbolism of AK assault rifles, 384
and Thompson submachine gun production and distribution, 235
training and, 11, 380, 387
weapons pilfering and, 368
Tet Offensive, 332, 401
Thompson, John T., 228–34
ammunition testing of, 229–33, 438n–39n
Thompson submachine gun designed and developed by, 139, 228–29, 233, 236
and Thompson submachine gun production and distribution, 233–34, 236
Thompson submachine gun:
comparisons between AK-47 and, 236
design and development of, 139, 228–29, 233, 236
marketing of, 234
production and distribution of, 199, 233–36, 279
prototypes of, 233
reputation of, 235–36, 279
size and weight of, 199, 228
Tiedemann, Adolf von, 102
Times of London, 92
Tito (Josip Broz), 9, 157, 250
Tokarev, Fedor V., 160, 180, 186–87, 199
Tomakowski, Thomas C., 324
tracer rounds, 137
Tribuna, 210n
Trotsky, Leon, 144, 193, 205
Tukhachevsky, Mikhail N., 158–59
Tunisia, Tunis, 56, 349
Tupolev, Andrei N., 158
Turkestan–Siberian Railway, 174
Turkey, 42, 52, 56, 367
Type 30, 116
Type 56, 15–16, 217, 265n, 309, 381
Type 58, 16
Type 68, 16
U
Uganda, 371–81
and AK and AK-type rifle distribution, 9, 13, 354, 356–58, 367, 371, 381
Amin’s coup in, 356
child soldiers in, 337, 372–73, 376–79
illegal weapons transfers to, 371
Karamojong tribe of, 357
LRA in, 337, 372–80
purchase prices of AK-47s in, 381
Sinia Brigade in, 372
Ukraine, 365, 412
weapons pilfering in, 368–71
weapons stockpiling in, 343–44, 368
in World War II, 157, 174–75
Ulundi, fighting at, 62–64, 83, 87, 124
Underwood, Herbert P., 300
Union Repeating Gun:
demonstrations of, 30, 35–37
design of, 28–30, 35, 420n
patent of, 35, 420n
Union Stock Yards, 231–33
United Nations, 14, 381
on human costs of AK rifles, 387
illegal-arms transfers and, 370
United States, 4–7, 12–15, 109, 132, 206, 352–56, 400–402, 417n
in Afghanistan, 378n, 386
AK-46’s design and, 192
and AK-47’s design and development, 12, 151, 204, 402
and AK rifle’s production and distribution, 13–14, 251, 256–57, 349, 359, 363–64, 402, 411, 435n
arms database of, 20
arms-design failures of, 6–7, 251, 254–55, 259, 268–69, 273–74, 363
Constitution of, 17–18
Hungarian revolution and, 226, 237
illegal-arms transfers and, 371
industrial revolution in, 6, 77
Iraqi Kurds and, 388
Kalashnikov on, 405–6, 444n
in Korean War, 264, 406
laws on automatic and assault rifles in, 14–15, 18, 236
machine guns used by, 126–27, 255
Mahmoud’s medical treatment in, 397–98
Maxim gun produced in, 89
Maxim’s racism and, 105–6
nuclear weapons programs of, 1, 4–5, 144, 272
Philippines invaded by, 104, 111, 252
and purchase prices of AK rifles, 381, 383
rifle cartridges of, 161, 166–67, 169–70
Russo-Japanese War and, 116–17
in search for reliable automatic rifle, 6–7, 20, 253–54, 256, 270, 272–76, 280, 283–94, 360, 438n, 441–42n
Soviet arms race with, 153, 169, 253–54, 256, 259, 272–73, 276, 353
Thompson submachine guns developed, produced, and distributed in, 139, 199, 233–34, 237
in Vietnam, 5, 9, 263–68, 270–72, 280–83, 285n, 294, 296, 298–308, 310–25, 327–36, 353, 356, 401, 415, 444n
weapons stockpiling and, 343–44, 410–11
in World War I, 251–52, 255
in World War II, 199, 253–54, 264, 270, 281, 295, 334, 344
United States Electric Lighting Company, 74–75
United States Infantry Board, 276
Ustinov, Dmitri F., 211–12, 358–59
Vance, Cyrus R., 272–73, 280, 283, 288–90
Vandenburgh, Origen, 28, 55, 160
Vandenburgh gun, 28, 43, 160
van der Steur, A. W., 258
Velvet Revolution, 365
Venezuela, 12, 355
Verdun, Battle of, 131
Versailles, Treaty of, 140, 162, 228, 246
Vickers, Albert, 76, 89, 129
Vickers gun, 126, 129, 138
Vien, Cao Van, 282
Vienna, 74
Gatling gun tests in, 40–44
Maxim gun tests in, 83, 86
Vietnam, Vietnam War, 5–6, 263–72, 294–336, 419n
AK-47s in, 9, 13, 21, 265–67, 270, 272, 294–95, 308–9, 313, 317, 324, 332, 335–36, 340–41, 356, 363, 401, 406, 444n
ammunition in, 264–65, 271, 285n
AR-15s in, 270–71, 280–83, 285n
bombing North Vietnam in, 294
casualties in, 264–66, 268, 282–83, 294, 300, 303, 311, 313–15, 317–18, 321–24, 330, 333, 335, 401, 439n, 444n
Chervenak’s letter and, 321–24, 327–28, 442n
Hill Fights in, 310–14, 319, 322
M-16s in, 263–64, 267–69, 271, 294, 296–308, 310–35, 353, 356, 415, 441n, 442n–43n
Marines in, 6, 9, 263–68, 271, 296, 306–7, 310–25, 327–29, 332–33, 335–36, 356
Operation Attleboro in, 302
Operation Bear Chain in, 264, 318, 329
prisoners in, 283, 324
public opinion on, 334
Tet Offensive in, 332, 401
U.S. Army in, 263, 294, 296, 298–307, 316, 320–21, 330, 333–34
weapons stockpiling and, 355
Villar Perosa gun, 139
volley guns, 26–28, 36, 42–43
Vollmer, Heinrich, 162, 166
Voronov, Nikolai N., 205–6
Voyenniye Znaniya, 243
VSS, 385
vz-58, 433n
W
Walker, Charles Pyndar Beauchamp, 65
Walt, Lewis W., 319–21
Walther, Carl, 164
War Department, U.S.:
ammunition testing and, 231
Gatling gun production and, 30
on tactical uses of machine guns, 93, 118
see also Defense Department, U.S.
Warren Commission, 285
Warsaw Pact, 18, 214–17, 237–38, 342–44
and AK and AK-type rifle production and distribution, 215, 217, 242, 249, 340, 342, 344, 346, 358–59, 361, 386
collapse of, 368
Hungary’s attempt to withdraw from, 237
and Soviet invasion of Hungary, 224, 238
weapons pilfering in, 366–68
weapons standardization in, 214–15, 249
Washington Daily News, 307–8
Washington Post, 92, 323, 327–28, 442n
Watson, Peter H., 30
WDMET (Wound Data and Munitions Effectiveness Team), 265n
weapons:
contests for designs of, 4, 144–48, 150–54, 158–61, 188–89, 191–92, 195n, 197, 200, 205, 207, 345
pilfering and illegal transfers of, 340, 366–71, 411
private dealing of, 86, 354–56, 358, 363, 369
profiteering and, 32–33
standardization of, 32–33, 203–4, 214–15, 249, 255–57, 275, 296, 364–65, 408, 419n, 435–36n, 444n
stockpiling of, 5, 9, 12–13, 340–44, 349, 354–58, 366–68, 387, 398–99, 410–11
Welles, Edgar, 51, 53, 57
West Germany, see Germany, Federal Republic of
Westmoreland, William C., 294–96, 298–99, 306, 308
whale hunting, 12
Wheeler, Earle, 292–95
on AK-47, 290, 294–95, 308
automatic rifle testing and, 283–84, 288, 292–93
Whirlwind, Operation, 238
“White Man’s Burden, The” (Kipling), 104
Wilkinson, Captain, 62
William, Archduke, 83
William II, Emperor of Germany, 109, 117–18
Maxim gun demonstrated for, 84, 90, 112
special machine-gun units and, 117
World War I and, 118
Williston, Edward B., 84
Winchester, Winchester rifles, 75, 91–92, 293, 438n
Winter War, 166
Winton, Sir Francis de, 84–85
Wolseley, Lord Garnet J.:
Ashanti War, 47–48, 78
Maxim’s relationship with, 105
Woodard, Charles, 324, 441n
World War I, 55, 107, 118–40, 161, 163–65