financial gain as, 66–67
in Hall-Mills case, 131, 132
in Helen Jewett case, 460, 462–65
in Lindbergh case, 150, 151–52, 156
in Lizzie Borden case, 49, 50–65
in Mary Phagan case, 111–13, 115
misleading, 299–300
motive, means and opportunity as, 44, 46–47, 53, 380
in Neulander case, 378, 379–84, 386
prior acts as, 45–46, 48, 49–51
in Ramsey case, 397, 399–405
repressed memories as, 274
in Sheppard and Peterson cases, 214
see also blood spatter; confessions; criminal profiling; DNA; forensics; identifications
ex-convicts, 41
Eye of Evil (Harrington and Burger), 345–46
Eyler, Larry, 167, 331
Face of Justice, The (Chessman), 188, 447
Fair Game (Bernard DuClos), 331
Falco, Edie, 326
Falcon and the Snowman, The (Lindsey), 450
Family Affairs (Hoffman), 316
Fassitt, Lewis, 26
Fatal Vision (McGinniss), 294, 296, 297
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 318, 387, 403, 426–27
Feige, David, 101, 102
Fielding, Henry, 4, 5
Final Verdict (St. Johns), 99–100, 452
Finkel, Michael, 449
Fish, Albert, 301
Fisher, Amy, 139
Fisher, Russell, 248–49
Fletcher, Jaye Slade, 336
Flight of the Falcon, The (Lindsey), 450
Flynn, Billy, 367–68
Fonda, Henry, 230, 244
Ford, Harrison, 215
forensics, 7, 136, 426, 469, 471
see also blood spatter
Forrest Gump, 255
Fortescue, Grace, 174
Foster, Abby Kelley, 30
Frank, Gerald, 230, 231, 233, 449
Frank, Leo, 106, 107, 111, 112–13, 114–20
Frankfurter, Felix, 127
Franklin, Bert, 82–83, 86
Franklin, Eileen, 273, 274
Franklin, George, 273–74
Franklin, Leah, 273
Freedom of Information Act (1966), 154
French, Jeanne, 183
French, Rick, 387
Friedland, Martin, 74
Fugitive, The, 203, 204, 215
Fuhrman, Mark, 241, 372, 428
Furman v. Georgia (1972), 286
Gacy, John Wayne, 230, 241, 291, 292, 293, 351
Gaddis, Thomas, 219, 449
Galleani, Luigi, 123, 124
Gambino crime family, 324–25, 327
Gandolfini, James, 326
Garcetti, Gil, 371
Garland, Bonnie, 307
Garrison, Jim, 246
Garrison, William Lloyd, 30
Gascoyne, Crispe, 5
Gatling, Richard, 32
Gaylin, Willard, 307, 449
Gentry, Curt, 447
Gerber, Samuel, 200
Gibson, Jane, 130–31
Gilbert, Robin, 429–30
Gilmore, Gary, 109
Gilmour, Walter, 331
Gilyard, Lorenzo, 290
Girl in the Red Velvet Swing, The, 76
Goebel, William, 69–71, 78
Goetz, Bernard, 319, 320
Gompers, Samuel, 80
Goodman, Andrew, 118, 243–44
Gore, Thomas P., 99
Gough, Elizabeth, 148
Gow, Betty, 148
Grave for Bobby, A (Deakin), 448
Gray, Henry Judd, 107, 137–39
Graysmith, Robert, 265–66, 268, 269, 270, 337, 449
Great Depression, 127
Greenawalt, Randy, 291, 294
Green River Killer, 352
Griffin, Will, 247
Griffith, Griffith J., 74–75, 76, 81
Grisham, John, 340, 449
Grissom, Richard, 354–56
Guandique, Ingmar, 424–25
guns, 31–32, 173, 422
Gwen, Jeff, 423
Gyllenhaal, Jake, 265–66
hackers, 362–63
Hacking, Lori, 432
Hacking, Mark, 432
Hackman, Gene, 244
Hale, Leland E., 331
Hall, Edward, 129–34
Hall, Frances Stevens, 129, 130, 131, 132, 134
Hall, Virtue, 4
Hall-Mills case, 107, 129–35, 139, 157, 369, 388, 389–90, 394
Halloran, Jack, 177
Hamer, Frank, 96
Hamilton, Alexander, 12, 13, 15
Hansen, Robert, 167, 327–32, 358, 360
Harriman, Job, 81
Harrington, Joseph, 345–46
Harris, David, 287–89
Harris, Jean, 319
Harris, Thomas, 352
Harvard and the Unabomber (Chase), 447
Harvard murder, 26–31, 67
Hatcher, Charles, 167, 300–304, 331
Hauptmann, Bruno Richard, 107, 150–56, 157, 318
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 31, 454–55, 467
Hayes, Ira, 450
Hayes, Susan, 202, 203
Haywood, Big Bill, 75, 83, 87
HBO, 325, 326
Hearst, Patty, 241, 277, 278
Heidenry, John, 449
Heinrich, Edward, 136
Heirens, William, 160, 181
Helter Skelter (Bugliosi and Gentry), 447
He Made It Safe to Murder (Berry), 100, 102, 447
Henley, Elmer Wayne, 291
Herrin, Richard, 307
Hettinger, Karl, 220, 221, 222
Hickey, George, 247–48, 250, 251, 252, 254, 255
Hickock, Richard, 217, 218, 332, 344
High Treason, 254
Hill, Anita, 197
Hill, Bob, 365, 449
Hill, Clint, 253
Hillside Stranglers, 291
Hinckley, John, 306, 307, 308
Hitchcock, Alfred, 352
Hobson, Chris, 314–16
Hobson, Sueanne, 315, 316
Hochmuth, Amandus, 151, 369
Hoffman, Andy, 316
Hoffman, Harold, 150
Hoffman, James, 318
Holland, S. M., 251
Holloway, Natalee, 24, 196, 244, 432
Holmes, H. H., 67–69
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 29, 31, 124
Holmes, Paul, 203, 204, 210, 211, 449
Holt, Frank, see Muenter, Erich
Homicide! (Sasser), 337–38, 339, 451
Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets (Simon), 337, 452
Houk, Spencer, 199
Hoverston, Lester, 212, 214
Howard, Jim, 71
Howe, Julia Ward, 30
Huie, William Bradford, 449–50
Hunt, Helen, 349
Hunter, Alex, 392, 393–94, 400, 401, 407
Hurkos, Peter, 258
Hurston, Zora Neale, 450
Hurt, William, 139
Huxley, Aldous, 187
Hyde, B. Clark, 77
I-5 Killer, The (Rule), 336, 451
Ice Man, The (Bruno), 326, 447
Ice Man, The (Carlo), 447
Ice Man, The (film), 326
identifications, 47, 141–44, 463
in Caryl Chessman case, 190–91
in Lindbergh case, 149, 151–52, 155, 156
see also police sketches
Ignatow, Mel, 363–65
Implosion Conspiracy, The (Nizer), 451
In Broad Daylight (MacLean), 321
In Cold Blood (Capote), 99, 108, 217–18, 223, 297, 447
Innocent Man, The (Grisham), 340–41, 449
insanity defense, 216, 228–29, 300–302, 303, 306–8, 349, 425
intellectualism, 194–95
International Labor Defense Fund, 176
internet, 420
crime coverage on, 7, 366
In the Company of Darkness, 349
investigative journalism, 153
Irresis
tible Impulse (Lindsey), 450
Ito, Lance, 372
Ivins, Bruce Edward, 426–27
I Want to Live!, 223
Jackson, Michael, 431–32, 435
Jack the Ripper, 68, 69, 292, 352
theories about, 10
James, Frank, 41
James, Jesse, 36, 41
James, P. D., 297
Jameson, 395
Jenoff, Len, 375, 376, 377–78, 379–80, 383, 384–85, 386
Jewett, Helen, 15, 18, 24, 25, 453–65
JFK, 254, 255
Johnson, Lyndon, 253
Johnson-Reed Act (1924), 127
Johnston, David, 452
JonBenet (Thomas), 398, 399, 400, 401–2, 403, 405
Jones, Charles, 71, 72, 73, 74
Jones, David Allen, 429–30
Jones, Richard Glyn, 139
Jones, Tommy Lee, 215
Joubert, John, 335–36
Judd, Lawrence, 174
Judd, Winnie Ruth, 108, 174, 177–78
Judgment Day: The John List Story, 285
Junger, Sebastian, 233, 234, 235–36, 240, 450
juries:
evidence withheld from, 9, 14
tampering with, 82–83, 85, 86–87, 98, 101
Jury (Villaseñor), 280–81, 452
justice system, 412–22
ancient Roman, 2
and crime stories, 109, 305, 306, 443, 444
crime stories’ effects on, 8–9
definition creep in, 261–63
double jeopardy in, 364
early 20th century, 73–74, 82–87, 91, 96–97, 98–99, 101, 119
evidence in, 9, 14, 44–50, 52–53, 56–57, 59
failures of, 241–42, 321, 331–32, 341–42, 371–73
false confessions in, 435–37
false prosecutions in, 114
hostile cross-examination in, 385, 386
insanity defense in, 216, 228–29, 300–302, 303, 306–8, 349, 425
and juvenile crime, 354
media and, 130, 151, 157, 202, 203, 241–44, 297, 305, 373, 439–41
19th century, 12, 13, 26, 96
in O. J. Simpson case, 371–73
politics and, 128, 419–22
pretrial discovery in, 101, 102, 105
procedure in, 8–9, 14, 305–6
rights of the accused in, 102, 221, 223–24, 420, 422
sentencing in, 332–34, 422
in serial murderer cases, 328, 329, 331–32
Supreme Court decisions on, 101, 102, 103, 105, 221, 223–24
three strikes in, 262
wrongful convictions in, 116–17, 287–89, 299, 341, 378–79
see also death penalty; lawyers; police; prison reform
Kaczynski, Ted, 270
Kahahawai, Joseph, 174, 175
Kallinger, Joseph, 291, 321–22
Kanarek, Irving, 222
Kansas Charley (Brumberg), 69, 447
Kansas State Prison, 332
Karpis, Alvin (Creepy), 220
Kassab, Freddy, 296
Katf, Michelle, 355
Keers, Christine, 359
Keffer Sheet Music Company, 38
Keller, Amy, 424–25
Kelly, Machine Gun, 173
Kelly, Susan, 230–31, 232, 233, 450
Kemper, Edmund, 291
Kenilworth (Scott), 18
Kennedy, John F., assassination of, 108, 227, 241, 245–56, 451
Kennedy, Ludovic, 152–53, 155
Kennedy assassination:
ballistics evidence about, 246, 247–53
conspiracy theories about, 246–47, 254
cultural significance of, 255–56
Kennedy family, 427
Kent, Saville, 148
Kentucky, early 20th century politics in, 69–71
Kerr, James, 34, 35
Keyes, Edward, 261, 450
Kidman, Nicole, 368
kidnapping, 37, 40, 98–99, 261
see also Lindbergh case; Little Lindbergh Laws
Kilgallen, Dorothy, 204, 450
Killer (Gaddis), 449
Killing of Bonnie Garland, The (Gaylin), 307, 449
Killing Season (Smith), 352–54
King, Larry, 434
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 450
Kingsley, Ben, 319
Kinne, Sharon, 291
Kirk, Paul, 200–201, 202, 204, 210, 213
Kirkpatrick, Sidney, 450, 466–67, 468, 469, 471
Kleiger, Estelle Fox, 12, 14, 450
Knowles, David, 187
Koby, Tom, 391, 392, 393–94, 408
Koch, Ed, 320
Koehler, Arthur, 149, 150, 152, 153, 156
Kraft, Randy, 291
Kuklinski, Richard, 323–27, 447
Ku Klux Klan, 117, 132
Kunstler, William, 131–32, 133, 134, 296–97, 450
Kurtis, Bill, 293
Kyle sisters, 121
LaBianca family, 289
labor movement, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 87, 96, 122–23, 140
Lake, Leonard, 343–44, 346
Lancaster, Burt, 220, 224
Larson, Erik, 67, 68, 450
Last Rampage (Clarke), 294–95, 336, 447
law, see justice system
Lawson, Winston, 251, 252
lawyers, 8
in Boston Strangler case, 227–28
early 20th century, 86, 100–101
judicial procedures exploited by, 14
see also Bailey, F. Lee; Darrow, Clarence; justice system; Moore, Fred H.; Pruiett, Moman; Rogers, Earl
LBJ: The Way He Was (Cormier), 253
Leavenworth, 178–80, 449
Lee, Harper, 217
Leibowitz, Samuel, 100–101
Leik, David, 259–60
Levin, Peppy, 379–80, 383
Levy, Chandra, 424–25
Lewis, Bernard M., 121–22
Lewis, Neil A., 452
Lewis, Ray, 423–24
Lidd, Ed, 450
Likens, Sylvia, 451
Lindbergh, Anne (Morrow), 144, 145, 147
Lindbergh, Charles, 144, 146, 147, 156
Lindbergh, Charles, Jr., 148
Lindbergh case, 107, 138–39, 140, 144–57, 173, 318, 365–66, 369, 443
Lindbergh Laws, 8
Lindsey, Robert, 450
List, John, 281–85, 295, 452
Littlefield, Ephraim, 27–28
Little Lindbergh Laws, 8, 188, 261
Little Rascals day care case, 317
Livingston, Brockholst, 12, 15
Livingston, John R., 15
Lockhart, Michael Lee, 336
Lodge, Henry Cabot, 29
Loeb and Leopold case, 88, 140, 157
Loggia, Robert, 297
“Lonesome Death of Hattie Carroll, The” (Dylan), 472–73
Long, Bruce, 472
Long, Huey, 255
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 30
Los Angeles Police Department, in Onion Field case, 221, 222, 223
Los Angeles Times, bombing of, 80–83, 87, 108
Loss, Fredericka, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21–22
Lowell, James Russell, 30
Lucas, Henry Lee, 436
Lucchese crime family, 325, 327
Lunsford, Jessica, 432, 443
Lusitania, 90
Luster, Andrew, 430–31
Luther, Thomas, 304
Lynch, Jack, 386
lynching, 111, 117, 243
Lyons family, 293–94
McAllister, Ann, 23–24
McCormick, Jack, 357
MacDonald, Jeffrey, 296
McDuff, Kenneth, 167, 337
McElroy, Kenneth, 319, 320–21, 334
McGinniss, Joe, 294, 296, 297
McGovern, Elizabeth, 76
MacLean, Harry N., 274, 321
McManigal, Ortie, 81
McMartin Preschool case, 317
McNamara, James B., 81, 82, 83, 84, 87
Mc
Namara, John J., 81, 82, 83, 84, 87
McQueen, Steve, 266
Mad Butcher of Kingsbury Run, 159–72
Madoff, Bernie, 435
Maeder, Thomas, 450
Magida, Arthur J., 384–85, 450
Mailer, Norman, 76, 450
Malden, Karl, 296
Maness, Terri, 355
Manhattan Company, 11
Mann, Alonzo, 112, 116
Manson, Charles, 108, 222, 224, 256, 277, 278
Marston, George, 461, 463
Masgay, Louis, 323, 324
Mason, Larry, 408
Massie, Thalia, 156, 157, 174–76, 177
Masters, Edgar Lee, 86
Mathewson, Larry, 258–59
Maul and the Pear Tree, The (James), 297
Mayer, Robert, 340, 451
Mays, Mark, 288, 289
media:
in anthrax case, 426
in Boston Strangler case, 226, 227
changing structure of, 366
crime coverage in, 6, 7, 24, 107, 130, 156–58, 186, 241–44, 293, 365–66, 369, 438–41, 443, 444
in Drew Peterson case, 434
in Duke Lacrosse case, 433
and justice system, 130, 151, 157, 202, 203, 241–44, 297, 305, 373, 439–41
in Menendez case, 365, 366, 367
and Natalee Holloway case, 196
in O. J. Simpson case, 130, 157, 242, 366, 368–71, 373, 392
in Pam Smart case, 368
in Ramsey case, 389, 391–92, 393, 398, 407, 408
in Ted Bundy case, 292
see also crime books; movies; newspapers; television
medical malpractice, 96, 108
Melville, Herman, 30
men, crime stories about, 24–25
Mencken, H. L., 157
Menendez, Jose and Kitty, 365
Menendez, Lyle and Erik, 67, 365, 366–67
Menninger, Bonar, 245, 247, 248, 252, 253, 451
Menninger Foundation, 216
Men Who Killed Kennedy, The, 250, 254
Merchants and Manufacturers, 80
Mermaids, 255
Merritt, Gilbert, 21
Metesky, George, 231
Michigan Murders, 257–61, 291
Michigan Murders, The (Keyes), 261, 450
Michigan State University, 310, 311, 312
Milk, Harvey, 306
Milland, Ray, 76
Miller, Austin, 251
Miller, Charley, 69
Miller, Tom, 358
Millett, Kate, 451
Mills, Danny, 135
Mills, Eleanor, 129–35
Mills, James, 129, 133–35
Milo, Dean, 314
Minister and the Choir Singer, The (Kunstler), 132, 296–97, 450
Minnehaha, 92
minorities, crime stories about, 24, 25
Minter, Mary Miles, 467, 468–69, 471
Miranda, Ernesto, 221
Miranda v. Arizona, 221, 223
Missouri, University of, 158
Mitchum, Robert, 298
Mitrione, Dan, 355–56
M’Naghten Rule, 216
Mockery of Justice (Cooper and Sheppard), 204–5, 212–13
Monster of Florence, The (Preston and Spezi), 43, 451
Montgomery, Elizabeth, 63
Mooney v. Holohan (1935), 101