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THE NEGRO IN LITERATURE AND ART
(C) MARY DALE CLARK & CHARLES JAMES FOX
CHARLES S. GILPIN AS "THE EMPEROR JONES"]
The Negroin Literature and Art_in the United States_
BYBENJAMIN BRAWLEY
_Author of "A Short History of the American Negro"_
_REVISED EDITION_
NEW YORKDUFFIELD & COMPANY1921
Copyright, 1918, 1921, byDUFFIELD & COMPANY
TO MY FATHEREDWARD MACKNIGHT BRAWLEY
WITH THANKS FOR SEVERE TEACHINGAND STIMULATING CRITICISM
CONTENTS
CHAP. PAGE
PREFACE xi
I. THE NEGRO GENIUS 3
II. PHILLIS WHEATLEY 10
III. PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR 33
IV. CHARLES W. CHESNUTT 45
V. W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS 50
VI. WILLIAM STANLEY BRAITHWAITE 56
VII. OTHER WRITERS 65
VIII. ORATORS.--DOUGLASS AND WASHINGTON 83
IX. THE STAGE 97
X. PAINTERS.--HENRY O. TANNER 103
XI. SCULPTORS.--META WARRICK FULLER 112
XII. MUSIC 125
XIII. GENERAL PROGRESS, 1918-1921 142
XIV. CHARLES S. GILPIN 156
APPENDIX:
1. THE NEGRO IN AMERICAN FICTION 165
2. STUDY OF BIBLIOGRAPHY 180
ILLUSTRATIONS
CHARLES S. GILPIN AS "THE EMPEROR JONES" _Frontispiece_
PHILLIS WHEATLEY _Facing p._ 10
PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR " 34
CHARLES W. CHESNUTT " 46
W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS " 50
WILLIAM STANLEY BRAITHWAITE " 56
HENRY O. TANNER " 104
META WARRICK FULLER " 112
HARRY T. BURLEIGH " 130
PREFACE
The present volume undertakes to treat somewhat more thoroughly than hasever before been attempted the achievement of the Negro in the UnitedStates along literary and artistic lines, judging this by absoluterather than by partial or limited standards. The work is the result ofstudies in which I first became interested nearly ten years ago. In 1910a booklet, "The Negro in Literature and Art," appeared in Atlanta,privately printed. The little work contained only sixty pages. Thereception accorded it, however, was even more cordial than I had hopedit might be, and the limited edition was soon exhausted. Its substance,in condensed form, was used in 1913 as the last chapter of "A ShortHistory of the American Negro," brought out by the Macmillan Co. In themean time, however, new books and magazine articles were constantlyappearing, and my own judgment on more than one point had changed; sothat the time has seemed ripe for a more intensive review of the wholefield. To teachers who may be using the history as a text I hardly needto say that I should be pleased to have the present work supersedeanything said in the last chapter of that volume.
The first chapter, and those on Mr. Braithwaite and Mrs. Fuller,originally appeared in the _Southern Workman_. That on the Stage was acontribution to the _Springfield Republican_; and the supplementarychapter is from the _Dial_. All are here reprinted with the kind consentof the owners of those periodicals. Much of the quoted matter is coveredby copyright. Thanks are especially due to Mr. Braithwaite and Mr. J. W.Johnson for permission to use some of their poems, and to Dodd, Mead &Co., the publishers of the works of Dunbar. The bibliography is quitenew. It is hoped that it may prove of service.
BENJAMIN BRAWLEY.
North Cambridge, August, 1917.
THE NEGRO INLITERATURE AND ART
THE NEGRO IN LITERATURE AND ART