Practice, 91, 117–42
deliberate (see Deliberate practice)
quantity of time and, 118–20
spelling, 13, 117, 124–27, 135–36, 140
swimming, 37, 132–33
in three-phase progression model, 144
Prefrontal cortex, 189
Princeton University, 95
Psychological Care of Infant and Child (Watson), 200
Pulitzer Prize, 58
Purpose, 91, 143–67, 269
author’s experience with, 157–59
cultivating a sense of, 165–67
defined, 143
happiness and, 146–47
origins of, 162
other-oriented, 144–49, 159–61, 164–65
self-oriented, 159–61
in three-phase progression model, 144
unpredictable roads to, 161–62
Putnam, Robert, 236–37
Rasmussen, Mads, 133, 138
Rats, experiments on, 188–89, 238–39, 296n
Reddit, 101, 103
Resilience training, 193, 313n
Résumé virtues, 274
Reverse Flynn effect, 85
Roberts, Brent, 233
Role models
of growth mindset, 182–84
parents as, 214–16
of purpose, 162–65, 167
Roosevelt, Teddy, 254
Rushdie, Salman, 96
Sales, 10–11
San Francisco 49ers, 202, 203, 243
SAT, 3, 6, 14, 28, 33, 44, 227, 229, 230, 232, 235
Schmidt, Roy, 151–52
Schneider, John, 243
Schofield, John, 258
Schofield’s Definition of Discipline, 258
Schultz, Charles, 140
Schwartz, Barry, 102, 272
Science, 22
Scott, Alex, 143, 145
Scripps National Spelling Bee, 12–14, 91, 131, 270
performance-improving activities for, 125
practice for, 13, 117, 124–27, 135–36, 140
verbal IQ of participants, 13, 14
Seattle Seahawks, 61, 243–44, 245, 251, 252, 261–68
competition in, 262–63, 265–66
finishing strong and, 266
language of, 265
Seaver, Tom, 63–64, 65
Secretaries, 152
“See What’s Possible, and Help Others Do the Same” (Cole), 165
Self-control, 273, 322n
Self-talk, 175–76, 193, 310n
Seligman, Marty, 171–75, 178, 184
as author’s advisor, 40–41
learned helplessness experiments of, 171–73, 188, 240
optimistic teachers studied by, 176–77
Seurat, Georges, 73
Shaw, George Bernard, 257–58
Sheldon, Ken, 297n
Shopify, 218
Shortz, Will, 95, 96, 99, 108–10, 111–12, 115
Silvia, Paul, 113–14
Sisu, 250–52, 253
“Sisu: A Word That Explains Finland” (Times article), 251
Skill development, 42–44, 50–51
learning curve for, 119
three stages of, 107
Skilling, Jeff, 30–31
Smartest Guys in the Room, The (documentary), 30
Smith, Chantel, 221, 222
Smith, Will, 46, 47, 51
Social multiplier effect, 84, 263
Society for Research on Adolescence, 212
Spartan Race, 319n
Special Forces Selection Course, 12
Spectator magazine, 123
Spellbound (documentary), 12–14
Spelling bees. See Scripps National Spelling Bee
Spitz, Mark, 38, 39
Sports Illustrated, 268
Stalin, Joseph, 148
Stanford University, 162, 215, 222, 248
Steinberg, Larry, 212–13
Stretch goal, 121–23
Strivers, 24, 26, 31, 36, 50–51
Summerbridge program, 157–59, 167
Super Bowl, 202, 243, 263–64
Swarthmore College, 20, 102
Swimming
culture of, 245–47
effort and, 36–39
genetics and experience in, 81
optimism and, 175
practice and, 37, 132–33
Talent, 15–34, 35–44, 255
academic success and, 15–20
differences in, 31
downside of overemphasizing, 31, 35, 269
early literature on, 20–23
effort interaction with, 42–44, 51
at Enron, 30–31
genetics and experience in, 80–81
in Ivy League undergraduates, 14
KIPP view of, 181
McKinsey’s emphasis on, 26–30
musical ability and, 23–24
mythologizing, 39
skill separated from, 51
spelling and, 14
swimming and, 36–39
tests for, imperfection of, 34
updating beliefs on, 192–93
in West Point cadets, 9–10
Tar Heels, UNC, 254–58
Teachers. See also Education
author’s career as, 15–20, 117, 157–59, 177–78
impact of feedback from, 218–19
optimism in, 176–78
Teach For America (TFA), 176–78, 181
TED talks, 124, 133–35, 220, 238, 244
Television, 84, 210
Templeton, John, 114
Ten-thousand-hour/ten-year-rule, 119–20
Terkel, Studs, 151
TFA. See Teach For America
Thomas, Earl, 263
Time magazine, 251, 276
Tough love, 211
Treadmill Test, 46–50, 256
Trojans, USC, 262
Tsay, Chia-Jung, 23–26
Twin studies, 81–82
UCLA, 20
Ultimate concern, 63, 66, 68, 272
United Kingdom, 82
United States Military Academy at West Point, 3–7, 90–91, 270. See also Beast Barracks
admissions process for, 3
culture of, 245, 258–61
dropout rate in, 3–4, 259
Grit Scale administered at, 9–10, 54, 259
hazing at, 258–59
Whole Candidate Score and, 6, 9, 10
University College London, 25
University of California, Berkeley, 233
University of Houston, 238
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), 254–58
University of Pennsylvania, 155, 190, 191, 237
University of Southern California (USC), 262
Vaillant, George, 47–48, 49, 86
Values. See Core values
Vanguard, 185
Vetri, Marc, 100, 103, 105–6
Voltaire, 76
War for Talent, The (Michaels, Hanfield-Jones, and Axelrod), 26–27, 29–30
“War for Talent, The” (report), 26
Washington, George, 76
Watson, John, 200, 211, 212
Watson, Nora, 151–52
Watts, Alan, 155
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 83
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 83
West, Kanye, 187
West Point. See United States Military Academy at West Point
What the **** Is Normal?! (Martinez), 201
Whole Candidate Score (West Point), 6, 9, 10
“Why?” questions, 63, 89
Willingham, Dan, 317n
Willingham, Warren, 226–30, 231, 234–35, 317n
Wilson, Russell, 264
Win Forever (Carroll), 261–62
Winter War, 250–51
Wise (authoritative) parenting, 211–16
Wooden, John, 61, 264
Work
as a calling (see Calling)
career changes and, 112
core values in, 166–67
disengagement in, 98
lack of direction in, 101–3
passion for, 97–99, 103
World According to Garp, The (Irving), 44
Writing, 44–46
Wrzesniewski, Amy, 149–50, 152–53, 155, 166–67
X Factor, The (television program), 31
Yale University, 31, 149
Yeager, David, 160, 166, 218–19
Young, LeGrande (“Grit”), 202, 203, 204–7
Young, Mike, 204
Young, Sherry, 204–6
Young, Steve, 201–7, 210, 211, 215, 226
Zookeepers, 150
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Copyright © 2016 by Angela Duckworth
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Duckworth, Angela.
Title: Grit : the power of passion and perseverance / Angela Duckworth.
Description: New York : Scribner, 2016. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2015042880 (print) | LCCN 2015044753 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Success | Perseverance (Ethics) | Expectation (Psychology) | Diligence. | BISAC: PSYCHOLOGY / Personality. | EDUCATION / Professional Development.
Classification: LCC BF637.S8 D693 2016 (print) | LCC BF637.S8 (ebook) | DDC 158.1—dc23
ISBN 978-1-5011-1110-5
ISBN 978-1-5011-1112-9 (ebook)