81. CSPD Elizabeth 27, 50
82. CSP Simancas 1, 211
83. CSP Simancas 1, 216
84. CSPF 6, 483; CSP Scotland 1, 1175
85. CSPF 6, 485; CSP Scotland 1, 1179
86. Schutte, 174
87. CSP Scotland 1, Introduction. The issue of her legitimacy never entirely went away. In 1593, some years after her death, a Jesuit tract, A Conference about the Next Succession to the Crown of England, by R. Doleman, asserted that she was doubly illegitimate, with a view to undermining the claim of her Protestant heir, Arbella Stuart.
14. “Lady Lennox’s Disgrace”
1. William Fraser 1, 440; Strickland LQS 2, 107
2. CSPF 6, 743
3. CSP Simancas 1, 218
4. CSPF 6, 905; CSP Scotland 2, 15
5. Macauley, 133–34
6. Loades EI, 154
7. CSP Simancas 1, 233
8. CSP Simancas 1, 234
9. CSPF 6, 1027
10. CSPF 6, 1211
11. CSP Vatican, 282
12. It has been said that it descended from Margaret to James VI (Strong EI, 96), but James may have inherited it from Mary. It is now in the Royal Collection at Windsor. A later copy by Rhoda Sullivan, dating from ca.1897, is at Temple Newsam in the collection of Leeds Museums and Galleries.
13. NA SP 52/9, f.30
14. NA SP 52/9, f.51
15. NA SP 52/9, f.53
16. NA SP 52/9, ff.55–56
17. NAS GD 220/2, 152
18. NA SP 52/25, f.209; Macauley, 137
19. CSP Scotland 2, 70
20. Porter CT, 407
21. Merriman ODNB
22. Lettres 1, 216
23. NA SP 52/9, f.59
24. NA SP 52/9, f.63
25. CSPF 7, 367; CSP Scotland 2, 72; NA SP 52/9, f.57
26. CSP Scotland 2, 72
27. CSP Simancas 1, 262
28. CSP Simancas 1, 251
29. CSP Simancas 1, 253
30. Nichols and Gough 1; Bingham, 83
31. NA SP Scotland, MQS 53/9, ff.187–88; Macauley, 140
32. CSP Simancas 1, 262; NA SP 59/9, f.93
33. CSPF 7, 556
34. NA SP 52/9, f.63
35. CSPF 7, 557
36. CSPF 7, 591
37. CSP Simancas 1, 262
38. Egerton MS. 1818, f.31
39. CSP Simancas 1, 262
40. William Fraser 1, 441; Melville’s brother William was married to Margaret’s distant cousin, another Margaret Douglas, the daughter of Thomas Douglas of Lochleven.
41. CSP Simancas 1, 240
42. CSP Simancas 1, 265
43. NA SP 52/9, f.109
44. CSPF 7, 699
45. CSPF 7, 700; CSP Scotland 2, 98
46. CSPF 7, 704; CSP Scotland 2, 99
47. Melville, 83
48. Melville, 92
49. Melville, 99
50. Melville, 92
51. Melville, 82
52. Melville, 99
53. Tait; Antonia Fraser MQS, 271. Now on display at the Palace of Holyroodhouse, the Lennox Jewel was formerly in the collection of Horace Walpole at Strawberry Hill, and was purchased by Queen Victoria in 1842. Its earlier history is unknown, as Walpole would never reveal where he acquired it. In 1843 Queen Victoria commissioned an account of the Jewel from the antiquarian Fraser Tytler.
54. Henderson, who claims that Margaret wore the Jewel constantly around her neck or at her girdle.
55. Tait; Antonia Fraser MQS, 271
56. Tait
57. Guy MHIMO, 199; NA SP 52/8, 75–76
58. Marshall QMW, 115
59. Treasures: The Royal Collection, 133
60. For the Lennox Jewel see Tytler; Marshall ODNB; Treasures: The Royal Collection, 133; Lisle TFS, 346; Royal Treasures, Chapter 9; Macauley, 143; Tait; Antonia Fraser MQS, 271. Stedall, CC, plate section, states that the Jewel may have been one of the two gold brooches with large sapphires that were given by Mary Tudor to Margaret on her marriage, but it is clearly a pendant and not a brooch, and would surely have merited a more detailed description. Stedall also states that Margaret gave Mary, Queen of Scots, the Jewel when she married Darnley, which seems unlikely, given the imagery.
61. Melville, 101
62. Williams ATQM, 86
63. NA SP 70/74, f.152
64. CSP Scotland 2, 108
65. Guy MHIMO, 199; NA SP 52/8, ff.75–76
66. CSPF 7, 772
67. CSP Simancas 1, 273
68. CSPF 7, 855
69. NA SP 52/9, ff.172–73
70. CSP Simancas 1, 280; NA SP 52/9, f.153
71. CSPF 7, 757, 859; CSP Scotland 2, 110
72. CSPF 7, 866
73. CSPF 7, 960
74. NA SP 52/10, f.33; Camden, 60
75. Macauley, 148
76. Melville, 101–02
77. Macauley, 164
78. Keith 2
79. Strickland LQS 2, 108
80. CSP Simancas 1, 296
81. Papiers dӎtat 2, 192
82. CSP Scotland 2, 166
83. CSPF 7, 958; CSP Scotland 2, 141; Pollitt, 65; Macauley, 146
84. Heale, 147
85. Melville, 107
86. CSPF 7, 1000
87. CSPF 7, 1008
88. NA SP 52/10, f.37
89. CSPF 7, 1029; CSP Scotland 2, 154
90. CSPF 7, 1017
91. CSPF 7, 1043
92. CSPF 7, 1079
93. CSP Simancas 1, 290
94. CSP Simancas 1, 292
95. CSP Simancas 1, 284
96. CSPF 7, 1105
97. Mahon, 120
98. CSP Scotland 2, 166
99. CSP Simancas 1, 286
100. William Fraser 1, 444. Strickland, LQS 2, 109, states that Margaret had been at Settrington and received a summons to come to London, but the evidence shows that she was already at court.
101. CSP Simancas 1, 295
102. Holinshed 5; William Fraser 1, 441
103. CSP Simancas 1, 296
104. CSPF 7, 1120
105. CSP Scotland 2, 170
106. CSP Simancas 1, 296
107. CSP Simancas 1, 297
108. CSPF 7, 1123
109. CSPF 7, 1125
110. CSPF 7, 1140
111. CSPF 7, 1141
112. CSP Scotland 2, 186
113. Melville, 99
114. CSPF 7, 1189; CSP Scotland 2, 185; NA SP 52/10, f.129
115. NAS GD 220/3, 155; Pollitt, 65
116. CSPF 7, 1129
117. CSPF 7, 1224; CSP Scotland 2, 194. The fact that only Charles was mentioned strongly suggests that Margaret’s other children had all died.
118. CSP Simancas 1, 300
119. Holinshed 5
120. CSP Simancas 1, 301, 302
121. CSP Simancas 1, 320
122. CSPF 7, 1279
123. Ibid.
124. CSP Simancas 1, 304, June 25
15. “Strait Imprisonment”
1. CSP Simancas 1, 304, June 25. William Fraser, 1, 445, Marshall, ODNB, and Henderson, relying on an inscription in the Tower, state that Margaret was taken there on June 20; Lisle, TFS, 337, gives June 22, citing CSP Simancas 1, 296, which was written on April 26 and refers to Margaret being placed under house arrest; Strickland, LQS 2, 109, and Schutte, 195, also give June 22, Dunn, 292, June 25.
2. Dunn, 293
3. Marshall ODNB
4. Keay, 39
5. Ibid.; Bell, 64; Handover, 51
6. William Fraser 1, 445. The inscription was uncovered in 1834 during renovations to what was then the Deputy Governor’s dressing room.
7. Strickland LQS 2, 110; Dixon, 162–63
8. Hibbert
9. Hardy, 10. In 1611 Margaret’s granddaughter, Arbella Stuart, would be imprisoned in this same room, which is supposedly haunted by her ghost.
10. Keay, 39
11. William Fraser 1, 444–45; Keith 2, 161
12. CSPF 7, 1251
&nb
sp; 13. CSP Simancas 1, 304
14. NA SP 15/12, f.175
15. NA SP 15/12, f.172; CP 3, 600
16. CSPF 7, 1271
17. CSP Simancas 1, 442
18. Strickland LQS 2, 109
19. William Fraser 1, 446
20. Keith 2, 161
21. CSP Simancas 1, 305
22. CSP Simancas 1, 307
23. CSP Simancas 1, 308
24. CSPF 7, 1313; CSP Scotland 2, 213
25. CSP Simancas 1, 409
26. CSPD Elizabeth 37, 25
27. Keith 2, 161
28. CSP Simancas 1, 310
29. CSP Simancas 1, 311
30. CSP Simancas 1, 312
31. Keith 2, 347
32. Macauley, 130
33. CSPF 7, 1333; NA SP 52/11, ff.1–4
34. CSPF 7, 1511
35. CSP Simancas 1, 313
36. CSP Scotland 2, 229; CSPF 7, 1381
37. CSP Scotland 2, 230; CSPF 7, 1383
38. CSP Simancas 1, 314
39. CSP Simancas 1, 316
40. Crossley; Furtado et al.; NA SP 15/12, f.175
41. CSPD Elizabeth 37, 36
42. Hardy, 10; CSPD Elizabeth 37, 67
43. Macauley, 84
44. Strickland LQS 2, 111
45. Stedall CC, 225
46. NA SP 52/11, f.87
47. CSPF 7, 1441; CSP Scotland 2, 242
48. Sutton-on-Derwent, where the Vaughans lived, was twenty-seven miles away.
49. Vaughan had married Anne Pickering, the widow of Sir Henry Knyvett.
50. CSPD Elizabeth 37, 25; Strickland LQS 2, 110; Hardy, 10; Ashdown RT, 142. The Knyvetts were related to Elizabeth I on her mother’s side through the Howards. Margaret’s granddaughter, Arbella Stuart, would later be placed in the charge of the Knyvett family.
51. CSP Simancas 1, 319
52. CSP Simancas 1, 320
53. A rectangular visor attached to the French hood, overshadowing the forehead.
54. A stiffened underskirt.
55. Lengths of heavy cotton twill fabric.
56. Decorative cloths laid on top of cupboards, on which to display plate.
57. Shallow bowls with handles.
58. A double tripod for toasting bread before the fire.
59. CSPD Elizabeth 37, 39
60. Ibid.; Strickland LQS 2, 111
61. Strickland LQS 2, 113
62. Lansdowne MS. 102, 64; NA SP 52/11, f.62; NA SP 52/11, f.75
63. NA SP 52/11, f.299; NA SP 52/11, f.181
64. CSPF 7, 1510
65. CSP Scotland 2, 261; CSPF 7, 1514
66. CSP Simancas 1, 327
67. CSP Scotland 2, 288
68. CSP Simancas 1, 329
69. CSP Simancas 1, 331
16. “In Great Trouble”
1. Mahon, 121
2. Macauley, 155; Robertson 1, 276
3. NA SP 52/11, f.217
4. Macauley, 156
5. CSPF 7, 1510
6. Knox 2, 507
7. CSP Scotland 2, 318
8. Knox 2, 192
9. CSP Haynes, 443
10. Cecil Papers 3, 72
11. CSPF 8, 1
12. Pepys Library, Cambridge MS. 2502, f.493
13. CSP Simancas 1, 335
14. Cesar Adelmare of Treviso, physician successively to Mary I and Elizabeth I.
15. CSP Scotland 5, 22. This is listed under July 1574, and is endorsed by Cecil, “The examination of Fowler, 1564,” but its content shows that it belongs to January 1565.
16. CSPF 8, 90; CSP Scotland 2, 340
17. CSP Scotland 2, 332
18. CSP Simancas 1, 336
19. CSP Scotland 2, 333, from Cotton MS. Caligula B.VIII, ff.184–5
20. Macauley, 156
21. CSP Scotland 2, 333, from Cotton MS. Caligula B.VIII, ff.184–5. The reference is to Patrick Hepburn, 3rd Earl of Bothwell, who had died in 1556.
22. CSP Scotland 2, 334, from Cotton MS. Caligula B.VIII, f.165
23. On June 24, 1567, Melville would report to Cecil that he had “spoken with Master Bishop to know if he will go with my lord of Lennox to Scotland, who answered he would be directed by your Honour. He may serve to good purpose both for experience of the country, and for religion, as well as to keep friendship between Lennox and his friends there. I know Moray has a good opinion of him, and he will employ his service to withdraw us from France. How he is in my Lord and Lady Lennox’s favour, I am not certain” (CSP Scotland 2, 530). There is no evidence that Bishop went north with Lennox. He could talk himself out of a difficult situation, and his honeyed tongue may have accounted for him being spoken highly of by Moray and Melville (The Herald and Genealogist; The Bishop Family of Pocklington).
24. CSP Simancas 1, 337
25. CSPF 8, 90; CSP Scotland 2, 340. Lettres 1, 313. Maitland had already written to Cecil on February 9 asking him to take pity on Fowler and spare him (CSP Scotland 2, 336).
26. Goodare, 167; Macauley, 157
27. CSPF 8, 134; CSP Scotland 2, 346
28. CSP Simancas 1, 342
29. Merriman ODNB
30. CSPF 8, 165
31. CSP Simancas 1, 349
32. Knox 2, 179–80
33. CSP Simancas 1, 349
34. Calderwood 2, 312
35. CSPF 8, 205
36. Macauley, 158
37. CSPF 8, 208
38. NA SP 52/12, ff.180–81
39. CSP Scotland 2, 464; CSPF 8, 894
40. Cotton MS. Caligula B.IV, f.254
41. Additional MS. 35, 831, f.243
42. CSP Simancas 1, 344
43. Randolph refers to it as “the Abbey,” the name by which Holyrood Palace was then known.
44. CSP Scotland 2, 371
45. CSP Simancas 1, 350
46. CSP Simancas 1, 353
47. CSPD Elizabeth 39, 68
48. CSP Simancas 1, 357
49. CSPF 8, 414
50. CSP Scotland 2, 390
51. CSP Simancas 1, 361
52. CSP Simancas 1, 362
53. CSPF 8, 498
54. CSPF 8, 552; NA SP 52/12, ff.180–81
55. Lisle TFS, 339
56. CSPF 8, 706
57. CSP Simancas 1, 365
58. CSP Simancas 1, 366
59. NA SP 52/12, ff.180–81
60. This information was divulged some months later by William Rogers, and reported by Randolph to Cecil on January 15, 1567 (NA SP 52/12, f.122).
61. Macauley, 177
62. CSP Simancas 1, 367
63. CSP Simancas 1, 368
64. Keith 2, 448–52, 467
65. NAS GD 220/1, 194
67. CSP Simancas 1, 402
68. CSPF 8, 885
69. Mahon, 124
70. NA SP 52/13, f.5
71. CSP Simancas 1, 405
72. CSPF 8, 960
73. Mumby, 157
17. “Horrible and Abominable Murder”
1. For a full account of the murder of Darnley, see my Mary, Queen of Scots, and the Murder of Lord Darnley.
2. Register of the Privy Council of Scotland 1, 498
3. CSP Simancas 1, 407
4. CSPF 8, 977
5. CSP Simancas 1, 408
6. Cecil Papers, Cecil to Sir Henry Norris, February 20, 1567; CSP Simancas 1, 408
7. Ibid. (both sources)
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid.
10. CSP Venice 7, 383
11. CSP Venice 7, 384
12. CSP Scotland 2, 478
13. NA SP 59/12, f.202
14. Cecil Papers, Cecil to Sir Henry Norris, February 20, 1567; Fraser 1, 447; Marshall QMW, 117
15. Cloake
16. CSP Simancas 1, 408
17. Dunn, 350; Bingham, 184
18. CSPF 8, 953
19. CSP Simancas 1, 408
20. John Phillips
21. NA SP 52/13, f.30
22. Cotton MS. Caligula B.X, f.408
&n
bsp; 23. CSP Haynes, 177
24. CSP Scotland 2, 477
25. CSP Scotland 2, 488
26. CSP Simancas 1, 413
27. Cotton MS. Caligula B.X, f.410
28. CSP Simancas 1, 409
29. CSPF 8, 997
30. CSP Scotland 2, 481; CSPF 8, 1001
31. CSPD Elizabeth 42, 12
32. Gayley
33. CSPF 8, 1061
34. CSP Scotland 2, 488
35. Cotton MS. Caligula B.X, f.412
36. Merriman ODNB
37. Sloane MS. 3199, ff.8–9
38. Macauley, 182
39. CSPF 8, 1061
40. CSPF 8, 1059
41. CSPF 8, 1079
42. Calderwood 2, 349
43. Calderwood 2, 350
44. CSPF 8, 1097; CSP Simancas 1, 417
45. CSP Scotland 2, 488
46. NA SP 52/13, f.76; Macauley, 185
47. CSP Simancas 1, 417
48. CSP Simancas 1, 418, 422
49. CSPF 8, 1100
50. CSP Scotland 2, 495. Loch Gairloch is on the River Clyde.
51. Sitwell, 252
52. CSP Simancas 1, 420
53. CSP Simancas 1, 422
54. Ibid.
55. CSP Scotland 2, 513; CSPF 8, 1277
56. CSP Simancas 1, 426
57. Ibid.
58. CSP Simancas 1, 427
59. The first reference to this is dated August 6, but the Lennoxes were certainly in residence by the end of June (NA SP 12/43, f.79; Marshall ODNB).
60. Thornbury; Weir EY. Coldharbour was burned down in 1666 during the Great Fire of London. Its site is now occupied by 89 Upper Thames Street.
61. CSPF 8, 1340
62. NA SP 52/13, ff.139, 148
63. CSP Simancas 1, 428
64. CSP Simancas 1, 429
65. CSP Scotland 2, 543; CSPF 8, 1379
66. CSPD Elizabeth 43, 22
67. CSP Venice 7, 395
68. Elizabeth I was entertained at Corney House in 1602. It was sold by the Russells in the 1660s, when it was rebuilt. The later house was demolished in 1832 (VCH Middlesex).
69. CSP Simancas 1, 434
70. CSPD Elizabeth 43, 37
71. CSP Simancas 1, 438
72. Macauley, 194
73. Now in the Royal Collection at the Palace of Holyroodhouse, Edinburgh.
74. Ashdown TR, picture caption
75. Marshall QMW, 118
76. Strickland, LQS 2, 119, suggests that the setting is the Catholic chapel at Settrington, but the Lennoxes had not yet returned there when the picture was painted.
77. There is an eighteenth-century engraving of it by George Vertue in West Sussex Record Office at Chichester (Goodwood MS. PD/85).
78. Stowe MS. 157, ff.16, 28; West Sussex Record Office, Goodwood MS. PD/85; Macauley, 188; Millar TSEGP, 75; Marshall QMW, 118–19; Bingham, 194
79. It is inscribed as Sir William St. Loe, but the sitter is plainly Lennox. His appearance matches the likeness in the Darnley Memorial, having the same balding head and pale red beard.